2191 Lesson 6.1 UN Peacekeeping and Multidimensional Operations

Summary

This lecture explores the evolution of Canadian peacekeeping operations, focusing on the transition from traditional peacekeeping to more militarized enforcement roles. Guest speaker Ben Mori discusses his experiences in Afghanistan and Mali, highlighting the complexities of training local forces amid ongoing violence and the challenges posed by PTSD among veterans. The lecture questions Canada's future involvement in global conflicts, the efficacy of NATO operations, and the potential for reform in countries like Afghanistan. It also critiques the closure of the Pearson Peacekeeping Training Center and its impact on international cooperation in peacekeeping efforts.

Takeaways

• 🕊️ Canada has faced significant challenges in its peacekeeping missions, particularly in Afghanistan, with 158 soldiers killed and many suffering from PTSD.
• 🔍 The traditional role of UN peacekeeping has evolved towards peace enforcement and conflict prevention amid increasing violence in operational areas.
• 🇨🇦 The Canadian Forces' deployment in Mali was characterized by political complexities, including language requirements and coordination with the U.S.
• 🪖 After Canada withdrew from Afghanistan in 2014, the Taliban's resurgence highlighted the difficulties of maintaining security and stability in the region.
• 📉 The UN's mandate for peacekeeping operations, such as in Mali, often lacks clarity on duration and objectives, complicating international involvement.
• 👥 There are ongoing discussions about whether Canada should increase its role in peacekeeping operations, considering both military and humanitarian assistance.
• 💰 Canadian participation in peacekeeping is financially supported by the UN, making it more appealing for troops to engage in missions like Mali.
• 📉 The corruption within the Afghan National Security forces was a significant hurdle, contributing to the deterioration of security after Canada's withdrawal.
• 🤝 The evolution of Canada's military involvement has raised questions about its commitment to international peacekeeping versus combat operations under NATO.
• 💡 The Pearson Peacekeeping Training Center, which aimed to improve peacekeeping training, was ultimately closed due to funding cuts and management issues.

Q & A

What are the main themes discussed in the lecture on peacekeeping operations?

The lecture covers the evolution of peacekeeping towards enforcement and conflict prevention, the challenges faced by Canadian forces in Afghanistan and Mali, and the psychological impact of war on veterans.

Why was the decision made to replace the video by Dr. Peter Langel?

The decision was made because Dr. Langel's video was considered outdated given the recent events, and the speaker, Ben Mori, was seen as a more relevant choice.

What are the reported statistics regarding Canadian soldiers post-war?

The lecture mentions that 158 Canadians were killed during the war, with an additional 54 reported suicides among soldiers after their return, highlighting the impact of PTSD.

What is the significance of Kandahar in the context of Canadian military operations?

Kandahar is highlighted as a critical and challenging deployment area for Canadian forces, known for its intense fighting and the significant efforts made to rebuild and secure the region.

What are the challenges Canada faced regarding its commitment to Mali?

Canada faced delays in committing to the mission, largely due to the need for consultation with the U.S. and concerns about the lack of a clear mandate for peacekeeping operations in Mali.

How did the withdrawal of the U.S. from Afghanistan affect Canadian operations?

The U.S. withdrawal in August 2021 highlighted the precarious situation in Afghanistan, with the Taliban regaining control over areas that had been secured by Canadian forces, leading to a reevaluation of Canada's role.

What is the concept of rapid reaction capability as discussed in the lecture?

The rapid reaction capability refers to the idea of having a ready and efficient force that can respond quickly to international crises, which Canada once proposed but was ultimately not funded.

What role did the Pearson Peacekeeping Training Center play in Canada's peacekeeping efforts?

The Pearson Peacekeeping Training Center was established to train military and civilian personnel in peacekeeping operations, although it faced management issues and was eventually closed in 2013.

What is Ben Mori's perspective on the potential for re-engagement in Afghanistan?

Ben Mori expresses skepticism about re-engaging in Afghanistan due to the high risks and the current political and security situation, indicating that the opportunity for meaningful involvement has passed.

How does the lecture frame the issue of corruption within Afghan security forces?

Corruption is highlighted as a significant obstacle in the Afghan National Security Forces, undermining their effectiveness and contributing to the overall instability in the region.