Diálisis

Summary

The video explains the process of dialysis, a medical procedure that filters waste products and excess fluids from the blood when kidneys fail to function properly. It covers two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis uses a machine to clean blood outside the body through an access site like a fistula or graft. Peritoneal dialysis uses the abdomen's lining to filter blood without removing it, using a catheter to introduce and remove cleaning fluid. The script outlines the preparation, procedure, and the necessary medical interventions to begin dialysis treatments.

Takeaways

• 😀 Dialysis is a procedure that removes waste products from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
• 😀 Healthy kidneys filter waste, excess fluid, and electrolytes like sodium and potassium from the blood, which are then excreted as urine.
• 😀 Kidney disease leads to the gradual loss of kidney function, causing a buildup of harmful waste and excess fluid in the body.
• 😀 Dialysis is used to treat chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, bone and blood problems, and acute kidney failure.
• 😀 Hemodialysis involves using a machine called a dialyzer to clean the blood outside the body.
• 😀 To start hemodialysis, a vascular access site must be prepared, either an arteriovenous graft or a fistula.
• 😀 An arteriovenous graft is created by inserting a soft plastic tube between an artery and a vein.
• 😀 An arteriovenous fistula is created by directly connecting an artery to a vein to create a larger blood vessel.
• 😀 During hemodialysis, blood flows through the dialyzer, where waste, excess fluid, and electrolytes are filtered out, and clean blood returns to the body.
• 😀 Peritoneal dialysis uses the membranes of the abdomen to clean the blood without removing it from the body. A catheter is inserted near the belly button to allow fluid exchange.

Q & A

What is dialysis and why might a doctor recommend it?

Dialysis is a procedure that removes waste products from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly. A doctor may recommend dialysis if a person's kidneys are unable to filter waste, excess fluid, and electrolytes like sodium and potassium from the blood, leading to harmful buildups in the body.

How do healthy kidneys function in relation to dialysis?

Healthy kidneys filter waste, excess fluid, and electrolytes from the blood and remove them through urine. In dialysis, the process mimics this function by cleaning the blood outside the body.

What can happen if a person has kidney disease?

When a person has kidney disease, their kidneys stop functioning gradually, which results in an accumulation of harmful waste products and excess fluid in the body. This can lead to high blood pressure, bone problems, or blood issues.

What types of kidney failure can dialysis treat?

Dialysis can treat both chronic kidney failure, where the kidneys gradually lose function, and acute kidney failure, where the kidneys suddenly stop working. It can also be used to remove harmful substances or drugs from the body.

What is hemodialysis, and how does it work?

Hemodialysis is a type of dialysis where a machine called a dialyzer is used to clean the blood outside the body. Blood is drawn from the body, filtered through the dialyzer, and then returned to the body, with waste and excess fluid removed in the process.

How is a vascular access site prepared for hemodialysis?

Before starting hemodialysis, a doctor will create a vascular access site in the patient's body, either through an arteriovenous graft or an arteriovenous fistula. This requires minor surgery, and the area is numbed with local anesthesia.

What is the difference between an arteriovenous graft and an arteriovenous fistula?

An arteriovenous graft involves connecting an artery and vein using a soft plastic tube, while an arteriovenous fistula directly connects an artery and vein by creating a larger blood vessel. Both methods are used to provide access to the bloodstream for dialysis.

How does blood flow during hemodialysis?

During hemodialysis, two needles are inserted into the vascular access site. Blood flows out of the body, enters the dialyzer where it is filtered, and then the clean blood flows back into the body through the second needle.

What is peritoneal dialysis, and how does it differ from hemodialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis uses the membranes in the abdomen to clean the blood without removing it from the body. A catheter is inserted near the belly button, and fluid is used to absorb waste and excess fluid from the blood, which is then drained into a collection bag.

What happens during a peritoneal dialysis exchange?

During a peritoneal dialysis exchange, a catheter fills the abdomen with a cleansing fluid. The fluid absorbs waste and excess fluid from the blood through the peritoneal membrane. After a set period, the fluid is drained from the abdomen into a disposable collection bag.