Sejarah kerajaan medang kamulan : Bangkitnya Raja Airlangga

Summary

The video delves into the fascinating history of the Medang Kamulan Kingdom, also known as Mataram Kuno, which emerged after the eruption of Mount Merapi prompted a government relocation from Central Java to East Java. It highlights the key figures, including Mpu Sindok, who founded the kingdom, and his successors, such as Airlangga. The narrative explores the kingdom's rise and fall, marked by significant events like conflicts with Sriwijaya and the eventual split into Jenggala and Panjalu, leading to its decline. Ultimately, it presents a rich saga of resilience and transformation in ancient Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 🌋 The capital of the government moved from Central Java to East Java due to the eruption of Mount Merapi, leading to the establishment of the Medang Kamulan Kingdom.
• 👑 Mpu Sindok, a wise figure, initiated this relocation and became the first king of the Medang Kamulan Kingdom.
• 🏞️ Medang Kamulan flourished around the Brantas River, with its capital located in the vibrant area of Hutan Mas.
• 🔄 The kingdom's power included regions such as Nganjuk, Pasuruan, Surabaya, and Malang in East Java.
• 📜 Mpu Sindok, along with his wife Sri Wardani, established the Isyana dynasty, succeeding the Sanjaya and Syailendra dynasties.
• ⚔️ Under King Dharmawangsa, Medang Kamulan became a significant competitor to the earlier Sriwijaya Kingdom, although attempts to attack Sriwijaya failed.
• 🏹 After the defeat, Airlangga, the son-in-law of Dharmawangsa, escaped and later reclaimed the kingdom, taking the title Rakai Hollusri Lakeswara.
• 📉 Airlangga’s decision to divide the kingdom to prevent civil war ultimately led to its decline, creating the rival kingdoms of Jenggala and Panjalu.
• ⚔️ The Pralaya Medang, a dark chapter in the kingdom's history, began with a surprise attack by Urawari, a small kingdom's ruler, leading to the destruction of Medang.
• 🌱 Following the destruction, Airlangga established the Kahuripan Kingdom in 1019, focusing on rebuilding and regaining lost territories.

Q & A

What led to the relocation of the central government from Central Java to East Java?

The relocation was caused by the eruption of Mount Merapi, which destroyed everything in its path.

Who initiated the move to establish the Kingdom of Medang Kamulan?

The move was initiated by a wise figure named Mpu Sindok, who became the first king of the Medang Kamulan kingdom.

What were the main regions included in the territory of the Medang Kamulan kingdom?

The territory included areas such as Nganjuk in the west, Pasuruan in the east, Surabaya in the north, and Malang in the south.

How did Mpu Sindok contribute to the establishment of the Isyana dynasty?

Mpu Sindok, along with his consort Sri Wardani, played a significant role in establishing the Isyana dynasty, which replaced the Sanjaya and Syailendra dynasties.

What was the significance of Raja Dharmawangsa's reign in the history of the Medang Kamulan kingdom?

Under Raja Dharmawangsa's rule, the kingdom reached its peak and became a major rival to the established Sriwijaya kingdom.

What was the outcome of Raja Dharmawangsa's attacks on Sriwijaya?

Raja Dharmawangsa's attacks ultimately failed, leading to his downfall and the collapse of Medang Kamulan.

Who was Airlangga and what was his role following the fall of Medang Kamulan?

Airlangga was the son-in-law of Raja Dharmawangsa who survived the attacks and later reclaimed the kingdom, establishing himself as a ruler.

What were the consequences of Airlangga's decision to split the kingdom into two?

The division of the kingdom into Jenggala and Panjalu led to a decline in Medang Kamulan's power and eventual collapse.

What is the 'Pralaya Medang' and when did it occur?

The 'Pralaya Medang' refers to a dark chapter in the history of Medang Kamulan, marked by an attack from Raja Urawari between 985 and 1017 AD.

How did Airlangga respond to the collapse of Medang Kamulan?

Airlangga escaped into the forest and later founded a new kingdom called Kahuripan, focusing on reclaiming lost territories and defeating his enemies.