The Hunt for the King of the Dark Web
Summary
TLDRThe script recounts the downfall of AlphaBay, once the largest darknet market, through the operation 'Bayonet'. It details the rise of dark web marketplaces, the secretive life of AlphaBay's creator, 'Alpha02', and the global manhunt leading to his arrest and subsequent suicide. The narrative highlights the cat-and-mouse game between authorities and cybercriminals, emphasizing the ongoing battle despite the takedown of major platforms.
Takeaways
- 💻 On July 5th, 2017, the dark web marketplace kingpin known as Alpha02 was arrested in Bangkok, Thailand, after a global manhunt involving multiple law enforcement agencies.
- 🔒 Alpha02, whose real name was Alexandre Cazes, lived a luxurious life funded by the profits of the AlphaBay marketplace, which he operated anonymously.
- 🚓 The arrest operation involved a staged car accident to lure Cazes out of his house, allowing authorities to access his devices and the AlphaBay servers.
- 🌐 AlphaBay was a notorious dark web marketplace that offered a wide range of illegal goods and services, including drugs, weapons, and stolen data.
- 💡 The dark web has been a hub for criminal activities due to its promise of anonymity and privacy, facilitated by cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.
- 🛑 After the shutdown of the original Silk Road, numerous other darknet markets emerged, including Silk Road 2.0, Evolution, and Agora, each vying for dominance.
- 🔮 AlphaBay's rise to prominence was swift, offering user-friendly features and a variety of illicit goods, making it the largest darknet market at the time.
- 🔑 A critical breakthrough in identifying Alpha02 came from an anonymous tipster who provided an early AlphaBay welcome email containing Cazes's real email address.
- 🔍 Through meticulous investigation, authorities were able to trace Cazes's online presence and real-world identity, eventually locating him in Thailand.
- 💔 Tragically, Cazes committed suicide in custody on July 12, 2017, ending the reign of the 'King of the Dark Web'.
- 🔄 Despite the takedown of AlphaBay and other darknet markets, the demand for illegal goods persists, leading to the emergence of new marketplaces and the continuation of the cat-and-mouse game between criminals and law enforcement.
Q & A
What event marked the beginning of the operation to capture Alpha02?
-The operation to capture Alpha02, known as Operation Bayonet, began when the FBI and DEA investigators had been waiting for the right moment to apprehend him, which was finally initiated on July 5th, 2017, when a woman, an agent of the Royal Thai Police force, intentionally crashed her Toyota Camry into Alpha02's front gate.
What was the significance of the Silk Road in the context of the dark web?
-The Silk Road was a legendary dark web marketplace that went live in February 2011 and became incredibly popular for illegal activities such as drug sales. It set a precedent for the darknet markets and was a catalyst for the subsequent rise of similar platforms after its shutdown.
What was the business model of AlphaBay that allowed it to dominate the dark web?
-AlphaBay's business model involved offering a wide range of illicit products and services, including drugs, weapons, and malware, while also providing a user-friendly platform similar to Amazon. It allowed users to pay with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Monero, or Ethereum for anonymity and even offered a tumbler to blur transactions.
How did Alpha02 become a multimillionaire through AlphaBay?
-Alpha02 became a multimillionaire by charging a commission of 2 to 4% on every transaction made on the AlphaBay platform, which had over 300,000 items listed and over half a million dollars in daily sales by 2017.
What was the role of 'DeSnake' in AlphaBay's operations?
-'DeSnake' was a representative of Alpha02 and played a crucial role in AlphaBay's operations by handling communications after Alpha02 retired from day-to-day operations.
What was the turning point for investigators in identifying Alpha02?
-The turning point for investigators was the discovery of an email address in the metadata of a welcome email sent to early registrants of AlphaBay. This email address, [email protected], led them to Alexandre Cazes, the man behind Alpha02.
How did the investigators track down Alpha02's location?
-Investigators tracked down Alpha02's location by following clues from his email address, which led them to his social media profiles, PayPal account, LinkedIn profile, and eventually to Bangkok, Thailand, where he lived a luxurious lifestyle.
What was the strategy behind the coordinated shutdown of AlphaBay and Hansa Market?
-The strategy was to first take control of the Hansa Market servers without the dark web's knowledge, then shut down AlphaBay, forcing its users to migrate to Hansa, which was under law enforcement control. This created a honeypot to collect incriminating evidence against thousands of criminals.
What happened to Alpha02 after his arrest?
-After his arrest, Alpha02, whose real name was Alexandre Cazes, committed suicide while in custody on July 12, 2017.
How did the dark web community react to the shutdown of AlphaBay and Hansa Market?
-Following the shutdown of AlphaBay and Hansa Market, the dark web community was initially confused, speculating about the reasons behind the platforms being offline. However, users quickly migrated to other existing platforms, and new darknet markets emerged to fill the void.
What is the current status of the dark web marketplaces mentioned in the script?
-As of the script's information, the Hansa Market and AlphaBay have been shut down, with AlphaBay being relaunched by 'DeSnake' in 2021 and still operational. Meanwhile, the Russian Darknet market Hydra, which was larger than AlphaBay at one point, was shut down in 2021.
Outlines
🕵️♂️ The Fall of AlphaBay's Alpha02
This paragraph details the dramatic capture of Alpha02, the pseudonymous founder of AlphaBay, a notorious dark web marketplace. On July 5, 2017, a meticulously planned operation led by the Royal Thai Police, DEA, and FBI resulted in his arrest. The operation began with a staged car accident to lure Alpha02 out of his Bangkok villa. Upon his capture, authorities seized his devices, which were unlocked, providing them with access to AlphaBay's servers. The founder, later identified as Alexandre Cazes, was found to have amassed a fortune through the illicit marketplace. Tragically, Cazes took his own life while in custody, marking the end of an era for the dark web's most infamous figures.
🔎 Unmasking the Mastermind Behind AlphaBay
The second paragraph delves into the investigative efforts to unmask Alpha02's true identity. American investigators embarked on a global hunt, which eventually led to a breakthrough when an anonymous tipster provided an email address linked to Alpha02. This clue unraveled a digital trail that connected to Alexandre Cazes, a Canadian software designer living in Thailand. Investigators pieced together his life through various online profiles, social media, and business ventures, ultimately pinpointing his luxurious lifestyle and multiple properties in Thailand.
🚓 Operation Bayonet: The Takedown of Two Darknet Titans
This paragraph outlines the coordinated international operation known as 'Operation Bayonet,' which aimed to dismantle both AlphaBay and the Hansa Market, two major darknet marketplaces. The operation involved a strategic delay in taking down AlphaBay to allow users to migrate to Hansa, which had been secretly taken over by Dutch authorities. This move transformed Hansa into a honeypot, enabling the collection of incriminating evidence against thousands of criminals. The operation culminated in the arrest of Hansa's operators and the shutdown of both marketplaces, marking a significant victory for law enforcement.
🌐 The Dark Web's Ongoing Game of Cat and Mouse
The final paragraph reflects on the broader implications of the takedown of AlphaBay and Hansa, emphasizing that the dark web is not inherently evil but is exploited by criminals. It highlights the importance of maintaining spaces for whistleblowers and journalists to operate safely. The narrative acknowledges the ongoing battle against darknet marketplaces, as new platforms quickly emerge to fill the void left by those shut down. The paragraph concludes with the resurgence of AlphaBay under a new operator, 'DeSnake,' illustrating the persistent and adaptive nature of the dark web's illicit activities.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Dark Web
💡AlphaBay
💡Bitcoin
💡Anonymity
💡Exit Scam
💡Law Enforcement
💡Operation Bayonet
💡VPN (Virtual Private Network)
💡Hansa Market
💡Cazes, Alexandre
💡DeSnake
Highlights
Alpha02, the pseudonym of a multi-millionaire living a luxurious life in Bangkok, was the mastermind behind the dark web marketplace AlphaBay.
The Royal Thai Police, FBI, and DEA had been planning his arrest for months, culminating in a staged car accident to lure him out.
The dark web's growth in the early 2010s was facilitated by Bitcoin, offering a new form of payment outside of government control.
The Silk Road was a legendary dark web marketplace that operated from 2011 to 2013 before its founder received a life sentence.
Following the closure of the Silk Road, the number of darknet markets increased significantly, with Silk Road 2.0 emerging shortly after.
Evolution and Agora were other significant darknet marketplaces before AlphaBay rose to prominence.
AlphaBay was launched by Alpha02 in July 2014, initially offering stolen credit card data before expanding to other illicit goods and services.
AlphaBay's platform was user-friendly, similar to Amazon, and offered anonymity through cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Monero, and Ethereum.
Alpha02 prohibited items or data related to child abuse and Russian bank account information, possibly to avoid conflict with Russian law enforcement.
AlphaBay's success led to a rapid increase in users and sellers, with over 200,000 registered users and 40,000 sellers within a year.
Alpha02 became a multimillionaire by taking a percentage of every transaction on AlphaBay, which saw over half a million dollars in sales daily by 2017.
The DEA received a breakthrough lead in the form of an old welcome email from AlphaBay containing the sender's email address in the metadata.
The email address [email protected] was linked to Alexandre Cazes, providing a significant lead for investigators.
Cazes' online presence, including social media profiles and a PayPal account, helped investigators track his location to Bangkok, Thailand.
Operation Bayonet was a coordinated effort by the FBI, DEA, and law enforcement from seven countries to take down AlphaBay and arrest Alpha02.
The Dutch authorities took control of the Hansa Market, creating a honeypot to collect evidence against thousands of criminals before its eventual shutdown.
Cazes was arrested on July 5, 2017, and was found logged into the AlphaBay server, allowing authorities to access the platform.
Following his arrest, Cazes committed suicide in custody on July 12, 2017, marking the end of the notorious AlphaBay operation.
The shutdown of AlphaBay and Hansa Market was announced by the US Department of Justice on July 20, 2017, as a significant victory for global law enforcement.
Despite the takedown of major darknet marketplaces, new ones quickly emerged, with the Russian marketplace Hydra becoming a significant player.
DeSnake, a representative of Alpha02, relaunched AlphaBay in 2021, continuing the legacy of the darknet marketplace.
Transcripts
On the morning of July 5th, 2017,
a man sits in front of his laptop
in his villa in Bangkok.
Online
he is only known under a pseudonym:
Alpha02
He is a multi-millionaire,
lives a luxurious life
and drives expensive cars.
He feels safe in Thailand.
Suddenly,
he hears a loud bang
in front of his house.
A woman crashed her Toyota Camry
into his front gate.
He leaves everything behind
and runs out of his house to the scene of the accident.
A mistake
with serious consequences.
The driver
is an agent of the Royal Thai Police force.
FBI and DEA investigators
have been waiting for this moment
for months.
Authorities from seven countries
have worked relentlessly
towards this day.
Will the hunt for the king of the dark web
finally
come to an end?
The Wired journalist Andy Greenberg
has published the story
on the hunt for the Darknet kingpin
in a multi-part series.
Additionally,
there's a phenomenal
Darknet Diaries episode on Operation Bayonet,
which is covered in chapter 3 of this video.
You can find both links in the description.
It's the early 2010s.
The dark web is picking up speed.
The promises of anonymity
and privacy
are attracting more and more people.
Thanks to Bitcoin,
there is a new form of payment
that isn't controlled by authorities.
It's become easier than ever
for criminals to sell their products online
at a massive scale.
With the advent of the dark web,
the gigantic global game
of cat and mouse began
and it continues to this day.
The Silk Road
is perhaps the most legendary
dark web marketplace to date.
The platform went live in February 2011
and became incredibly popular.
More than 100,000 customers
bought drugs there,
but only 2.5 years later,
the operator of the site was caught
and the Silk Road went offline.
The authorities wanted to set an example
in the fight against drugs.
The Silk Road founder
received a life sentence.
But the business was too lucrative
to drive away other operators.
So after the closure of the Silk Road,
the number of darknet markets
exploded.
They all fought for the top spot.
Silk Road 2.0
was released just 35 days
after the closure of its predecessor.
The site survived
less than a year.
Evolution was another popular marketplace
with a comparable size
to the two Silk Roads.
To buy things on evolution,
you had to pay Bitcoin to an account on the platform,
a kind of dark web escrow account.
And once the items arrived to the customers,
the sellers were paid.
There was an incredible amount of money
with the platform operators at all times.
At some point, these operators
decided to steal this money,
a so-called exit scam.
Agora has also been named
as a worthy successor
to the original Silk Road.
But the founders
voluntarily took the site offline
in August 2015.
Business was getting too hot.
Exit scams,
arrests,
voluntary withdrawals
and hacks.
All of these were benefiting
a new emerging dark web market:
AlphaBay.
In July 2014,
a man who calls himself "Alpha02"
starts to develop AlphaBay.
Only five months later,
his platform goes live.
Initially,
only stolen credit card data
is offered and sold,
but AlphaBay
quickly begins to offer more lucrative products.
In addition to data and logins,
there are now drugs, weapons
and malware.
Services such as money laundering
are also offered.
Few things are forbidden.
But items or data related to child abuse
hit-and-runs
and stolen bank account information from Russia
is strictly prohibited.
AlphaO2
probably doesn't want to mess
with Russian law enforcement agencies.
Maybe
he also wants to pretend to be Russian
in order to mislead investigators.
The website itself
works similar to Amazon.
It is user-friendly,
there are search functions,
filters and categories
You are able to pay with Bitcoin,
Monero or Ethereum.
This is supposed to provide anonymity.
AlphaBay even offers
a so-called tumbler,
purchases are blurred
by bundling multiple transactions
from different people.
The platform works well
and dominates the dark web.
While other marketplaces
popped up and disappeared.
AlphaBay remains strong.
The number of users is growing rapidly.
Barely a year after it was founded,
the site has more than 200,000
registered users and 40,000 sellers.
In 2017
AlphaBay has over
300,000 items on their website
and over half a million dollars in sales
every day.
AlphaO2 is making money
with every single transaction
receiving a share between 2 to 4%.
He becomes a multimillionaire.
Right now,
an entire team is working on AlphaBay.
Alpha02 has a representative named "DeSnake",
several moderators who handle disputes
between buyers and sellers
and a PR manager.
With the site's explosive success
the founder decides to retire
from day-to-day operations.
He renames himself.
"Alpha02" simply becomes "Admin"
From now on, communication
only runs through
“DeSnake”.
As AlphaO2 retreats,
American investigators
are paying more and more attention
to his true identity.
Who is the powerful mastermind
behind the platform
ruling the dark side of the Internet?
A hunt that stretches across the globe
and will last for more than several years
begins.
You don't have to surf the dark web
to find malware.
The regular Internet is full
of malicious ads and pop-ups.
That brings us to NordVPN.
NordVPN has many features,
such as built-in threat protection,
which can detect and block
malicious ads and pop-ups on websites.
With a VPN
you can also change
your location virtually.
And that's super easy.
You select a country, click on it,
and you're surfing from the U.S.
VPNs can also help you
bypass many geoblockings.
Streaming services
have different catalogs
in different countries.
With NordVPN you can access all of those catalogs.
This also works with news portals
such as the New York Daily.
The site cannot be accessed
from most of Europe.
So just select a server in the US
and you can read through their articles.
At nordvpn.com/ferntv
you can get an additional 4 months
on a two-year plan
and there's also a 30-day
money-back guarantee.
You also support our channel.
So thank you.
The American investigators
want to find out
where AlphaBay servers are located.
With access to the servers
they can close the platform
or secretly infiltrate it
and perhaps locate the operators.
IP addresses
provide information
about the locations of users and servers.
In closed networks like TOR.
Website requests are routed through
a number of random servers
around the world.
Routing through many servers cannot be traced back.
It is purposely made difficult
to find out where servers,
operators and sellers are located.
Because of that,
the American investigators
had to try a different way.
They start browsing the platform
and buy drugs anonymously,
hoping for any mistakes by the sellers.
Perhaps the product's packaging
or postage stamps
can provide clues to the identity
of the respective drug dealer.
Then they could arrest him.
But these are just the small fish.
Dealers come and go.
Investigators want Alpha02.
But the mastermind behind AlphaBay
seems to take every precaution.
He seems to know every rule
of the game.
So the investigators become desperate
until December 2016.
Robert Miller sits behind his desk
in Fresno, California.
He works for the DEA,
the American Drug Law Enforcement Agency.
He's working on AlphaBay.
And until this day,
it was a pretty thankless job.
But suddenly, an email
appears in his inbox.
The sender is anonymous.
It seems like AlphaO2
made a fatal mistake
in the early days of AlphaBay.
Every user who registered
on the website at the time
received a welcome email.
The email address of the true sender
was visible in the metadata
of this email.
Although the error was immediately corrected,
the anonymous tipster saved
one of those first welcome emails.
Maybe the tipster was one
of Alpha02's first customers,
maybe an operator of a competing site
that got a hold of the mail somehow.
Who knows?
Anyway,
he silently watched AlphaBay
growing on the dark web,
only to then hand the mail address
over to the DEA.
The email address is...
pimp...
This email
was the breakthrough
for Millar and his colleagues
Via the email address,
the investigators find photos from 2008
and 2009 of an "Alex" on Skyrock.com
That's a French-language social media platform.
He also linked an old dating profile.
The profile lists Trois-Rivières as his hometown.
It is located in southern Quebec, Canada.
According to the profile,
he was 17 years old at the time.
So the 91 in his email address
could be the year he was born.
He would have been 23 years old
when AlphaBay was founded.
The username "Alpha02" also appears
on a French-language technology forum.
In 2008 he explained how to remove a virus
from an image.
His email address is at the bottom of the post
and also his full name.
Alexandre Cazes.
The investigators have his name,
but where is he?
They find Caze's PayPal account.
He provided his private email address there as well.
Through his LinkedIn profile,
they also find out that he works
as a freelance software designer.
He also seems to run his own tech company
called EBX Technologies.
On Facebook the investigators find the profile
of his fiancee,
a Thai woman.
Apparently, the Canadian lives in Thailand.
The clues lead investigators
to the country's capital,
Bangkok.
With the help of Thai authorities,
the investigative team identifies
three properties owned by Cazes in the city.
One house is located in a gated community.
Alpha02 lives there with his wife.
Then there's a second house
and a 3 million worth mansion
in the outskirts of Bangkok.
He also has a holiday home in Phuket
and is in the process
of buying another villa in Cyprus.
Investigators begin tailing him.
The lifestyle of the multi-millionaire,
includes several cars.
Cazes enjoys driving around Bangkok
in his Lamborghini.
Agents watch him,
follow his routes
and track his iPhone.
Whereas Cazes lives in a beautiful house of his wife,
He invites his many affairs
to one of his other houses in Bangkok.
The investigators called that place
the "Bachelor Pad".
Cazes is an active member
of a pickup artist forum.
There, men give each other advice
on how to be successful with women.
Under the name Rawmeo
Cazes publishes conservative family values
and keeps a quasi-sexist live blog
about his "successful" sex life.
Other than that,
his everyday life is quite normal.
Pretty unspectacular
for the King of the dark web.
He gets up early,
checks his social media accounts,
works and is home a lot.
From time to time,
he attends a language course
or goes out to eat with his wife.
Around these routines,
the authorities meticulously plan
his arrest.
In June 2017,
a few weeks before the attack,
a few American agents
were sitting in the lounge
of the 5-star Athenee Hotel
in Bangkok.
Suddenly Cazes appears.
He parks his Porsche Panamera
at the entrance and casually
strolls through the lobby area
straight towards the agents.
There are thousands of hotels in Bangkok.
Are they busted?
Has the king of the dark web outwitted them?
Cazes sits at a table
a few meters away from the agents.
They have never been so close to him.
But he only meets for a business dinner.
An incredible coincidence.
At this point,
no one suspects
that just one month later,
Cazes
will be dead.
AlphaBay
is the largest darknet
market in the world at this time.
But there is competition.
In Europe, the Hansa Market is growing rapidly,
keeping European authorities busy.
Dutch investigators
find the servers of the Hansa Market
thanks to a tip
from a security researcher.
They're located
in a data center
in the Netherlands.
Unique opportunity arises.
They monitor the servers,
copy the data
and dig through countless chat entries
from the operators of the site.
They find out that the operators are Germans,
who probably still live in Germany.
Together with the German
Federal Criminal Police ("BKA"),
the Dutch want to bring the Hansa Market
under their control.
But suddenly the Hansa Market disappears
from the Dutch servers.
The admins probably found out
that their servers had been copied.
In the chats of the operators
the authorities also find
a few Bitcoin addresses.
They start tracking the transactions
of these bitcoin wallets
until they end up
at a Dutch crypto exchange.
They contact the exchange
and ask for the data.
The bitcoins lead to Lithuania.
Together with the authorities there,
the Germans and the Dutch
try and locate the new servers.
This time the authorities want to strike.
But something unexpected happens.
The FBI tells European authorities
about their plans to arrest AlphaO2
and to shut down AlphaBay.
"Operation Bayonet" is born.
The operation is led by the FBI and DEA
and involves the cooperation
of law enforcement agencies
from a total of 7 countries.
Europol is also involved.
The FBI is instructed to wait
with the takedown of AlphaBay
until the Dutch in cooperation
with the Germans
have taken control
of the Hansa Market.
If AlphaBay is taken down,
Hansa would be swamped
with new buyers and sellers.
This is often the case
in the dark web
when a site closes
or if there's an exit scam,
customers and dealers
simply move.
But this time,
customers and dealers would move to a site
that's been hijacked by law enforcement.
With that data,
the Dutch could convict thousands
of unsuspecting criminals.
A honeypot.
Alexander Cazes knows nothing.
He continues to drive through Bangkok
in his Lamborghini,
writes nonsense in his favorite forum
and cheats on his wife.
On June 20th, 2017,
the first part of the mission succeeds.
The data center in Lithuania
is stormed by Dutch forces.
At the same time,
German authorities arrest the two operators
of the Hansa Market
in Siegen and Cologne.
The operators cannot warn anyone
before their arrest.
The Hansa Market
is under Dutch control
and nobody in the dark web
knows about it.
July 5th, 2017, Bangkok.
It’s time.
There's a warrant for Cazes.
Today, the Royal Thai Police,
DEA and FBI
will arrest him.
Alpha02 could finally be put down
after more than 2 years.
A gray Toyota Camry
drives down a dead-end road
towards Cazes house
with the Royal Thai Police force agent
at the wheel.
She tells the security guard
that she took a wrong turn.
She wants to turn around,
but "unintentionally" causes
a minor accident.
The noise and chaos
are supposed to lure Cazes
out of his house.
He's supposed to come out spontaneously
without thinking about it.
This part is important:
In the optimal case,
his devices should stay unlocked
when he is getting arrested.
If his hard drives were locked and encrypted,
it would be difficult for authorities
to access AlphaBay.
Cazes leaves his house
and approaches the Toyota.
He has a cell phone on him.
Suddenly,
several officers try to catch Cazes.
He attempts to run back inside,
possibly to shut down his computer.
But he's overpowered.
The investigators run into his house
and look for his laptop.
It's in the bedroom
on and not on Stand by.
The officials have caught him.
Alpha02
is still logged into the server
hosting AlphaBay.
Investigators searched the laptop
and find multiple passwords
for the AlphaBay website
and servers.
The Canadian had a fortune
of $23 million.
Authorities confiscated his luxury cars,
houses a hotel
and millions in cryptocurrency.
Cazes wife is charged.
The Thai woman is accused
of money laundering.
[Trigger Warning Suicide - Skip Forward 20 Seconds]
1 week later, on July 12.
Alexander Cazes
is dead.
He committed suicide while in custody.
The King of the Dark Web
is history.
The shutdown of AlphaBay by authorities
is being purposely kept secret
for the time being
when the platform is suddenly offline,
no one knows why.
An exit scam?
A hack?
Have the operators retired?
As expected,
countless users migrate
to the other Darknet platforms,
including the Hansa Market.
For four weeks,
the Dutch authorities
watched thousands of criminals
trade on the platform.
They collect valuable incriminating evidence.
So on July 20th, 2017,
the Hansa Market is shut down as well.
On the same day,
the US Department of Justice
announces the end of AlphaBay
and Hansa,
a gigantic success
for the global authorities.
The dark web itself
is not an evil technology
just for criminals.
We need places on the Internet
in which whistleblowers and journalists
are relatively safe.
Marketplaces like AlphaBay
or however still part of the picture.
The global game of
cat-and-mouse is far from over.
The demand for illegal drugs,
weapons, counterfeit money
and malware is too high.
It didn't take long
for the Hansa Market
and AlphaBay
to be forgotten.
Users flocked to other existing platforms.
A number of new Darknet markets
sprouted up
and positioned themselves better
than the former market leaders.
The Russian Darknet market Hydra
was at times more than twice the size
of AlphaBay.
In 2021,
it was also shut down
by German and American authorities.
So now there's a new contest
for the title
of the King of the Dark Web.
A promising contender
is the "DeSnake".
He relaunched AlphaBay in 2021
and still runs the darknet marketplace
to this day.
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