Padres de la administración: Frederick Taylor
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the life and work of Frederick Taylor, the father of scientific management. Born in 1856 and passing in 1915, Taylor revolutionized administrative theory by advocating for the scientific method over empirical work. His principles, outlined in his 1911 book, include planning, preparation, control, and execution to increase efficiency. Taylor's methods, such as time studies and task specialization, have been influential yet controversial, with critics arguing they treat humans as machines. His work laid the foundation for modern organizational efficiency and operational management.
Takeaways
- 📚 Frederick Taylor is known as the father of scientific administration due to his contributions to administrative theory, particularly in the scientific method.
- 👶 Born in 1856 in Pennsylvania, USA, Taylor had a lifelong struggle with his eyesight and physical strength, which led him to focus on the study of efficiency in work.
- 🛠 Taylor's work emphasized the operational aspects of organizations, including the tools and methods used, to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
- 🏗️ He believed that workers are naturally lazy and would perform work slowly, necessitating the study of their movements and the optimization of their tasks.
- 🔍 Taylor introduced the idea of dividing labor into those who think (planning the work) and those who have the physical strength to execute it (performing the work).
- 🕒 He developed a systematic approach to scientific management, which included analyzing tasks, defining movements, timing them with a stopwatch, and eliminating unnecessary movements.
- 🏗️🔧 Taylor's famous experiment in a steel company demonstrated that by applying scientific methods, a worker's daily output could be significantly increased from 12.5 tons to 48 tons of steel ingots.
- 📐 His work with shovels showed that the optimal load per shovel should be 21 pounds, and the size of the shovel should be adjusted based on the weight of the material being moved.
- 📖 Taylor's book, 'The Principles of Scientific Management,' published in 1911, outlines the four fundamental principles of scientific management: planning, preparation, control, and execution.
- 🔄 Taylor's principles led to the standardization and mechanization of jobs, making them more repetitive and efficient, but also drawing criticism for treating humans as machines.
- 't🔄 The criticism of Taylor's approach paved the way for subsequent theories that placed a greater emphasis on the human aspect of work, such as the Hawthorne studies by Elton Mayo.
Q & A
Who is Frederick Taylor and why is he significant in the field of administrative theory?
-Frederick Taylor is known as the father of scientific administration. He was an engineer, industrialist, and economist from the USA who made significant contributions to administrative theory by introducing the scientific method to replace the empirical method in work, aiming to increase efficiency and effectiveness in organizations.
When and where was Frederick Taylor born, and when did he pass away?
-Frederick Taylor was born in 1856 in Pennsylvania, USA, and he passed away in 1915 at the age of 59.
What were the challenges that Frederick Taylor faced in his personal life?
-From his adolescence, Taylor began to lose his eyesight and had a weak complexion, which prevented him from participating in sports or any activity requiring a lot of strength. These challenges led him to focus on studying physical movements and work processes to increase efficiency.
How did Frederick Taylor's approach differ from Henri Fayol's?
-While Henri Fayol focused his theory on the managerial part of organizations, Frederick Taylor focused on the operational part, specifically on tools and work methods, to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
What was Taylor's view on human nature in relation to work?
-Taylor believed that man is by nature lazy and tends to perform work slowly. Therefore, he emphasized the need to study the times and movements of workers to find the best combination of muscular movements to increase production and give uniformity to processes.
What were the stages Frederick Taylor proposed to implement scientific work organization?
-Taylor proposed several stages: 1) Find 10-15 skilled workers, 2) Define the exact series of elementary movements, tools, and materials used for the work, 3) Time each movement with a stopwatch and choose the simplest execution mode, 4) Eliminate all wrong, slow, and useless movements, and 5) Gather the most rapid movements into a sequence.
Can you describe the experiment Frederick Taylor conducted at the steel company?
-At the steel company, Taylor observed that workers were transporting an average of 12.5 tons of steel ingots daily. He believed this could be increased to 48 tons per day using the scientific method. He selected a worker named Schmidt, provided incentives, and measured the time and speed of movements, including rest periods, to achieve the goal.
What was the outcome of the shovel experiment conducted by Frederick Taylor?
-Taylor noticed that workers used the same size of shovel regardless of the material's weight. He determined that the optimal load per shovel should be 21 pounds and that the size of the shovel should depend on the weight of the material being handled.
What are the four fundamental principles of scientific management as outlined in Taylor's book?
-The four principles are: 1) Planning, which involves substituting the empirical method with the scientific method, 2) Preparation, which includes scientifically selecting workers and providing necessary tools and machinery, 3) Control, which ensures work is done according to regulations, and 4) Execution, which involves properly distributing functions and responsibilities among workers.
How did Frederick Taylor's contributions impact the field of management?
-Taylor's contributions led to the foundation of the rational organization of work, the replacement of empirical methods with scientific ones, the introduction of incentive systems to increase worker motivation and productivity, and the standardization of jobs, making them more mechanical and repetitive.
What criticism did Frederick Taylor's theories receive?
-One of the main criticisms of Taylor's theories is that he considered humans as machines, suggesting that with proper incentives, they would perform better, which led to a more human-focused approach in later theories, such as Elton Mayo's.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management
This paragraph introduces Frederick Taylor, known as the father of scientific administration, and outlines his background and contributions to administrative theory. Born in 1856 in Pennsylvania, USA, Taylor was an engineer, industrialist, and economist who focused on improving efficiency through scientific methods. His work led to the publication of 'The Principles of Scientific Management' in 1911. Taylor's approach was to study and optimize physical movements and tools to increase productivity, contrasting with Henri Fayol's managerial focus. Taylor believed in the inherent laziness of workers and advocated for the division of mental and physical labor, with thinkers determining the best work methods and physically strong workers executing them. His method involved analyzing tasks, defining movements, timing them with a stopwatch, and eliminating unnecessary actions to create efficient work sequences.
🏗️ Taylor's Experiments and Principles of Scientific Management
This paragraph delves into specific experiments conducted by Taylor, such as increasing the daily steel ingot handling from 12.5 tons to 48 tons by applying scientific methods and selecting the right worker with proper incentives. It also discusses Taylor's work with shovels, where he determined the optimal load per shovel based on the material's weight. The paragraph summarizes Taylor's four fundamental principles of scientific management: planning, preparation, control, and execution. These principles emphasize the substitution of empirical work with scientific methods, the scientific selection and training of workers, the control of work to ensure adherence to regulations, and the disciplined distribution of functions and responsibilities. Taylor's contributions are significant in the rational organization of work and the introduction of incentive systems to boost worker motivation and productivity. However, his theories have been criticized for treating humans as machines, leading to the emergence of more human-focused theories, such as Elton Mayo's.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Frederick Taylor
💡Scientific Management
💡Empirical Method
💡Efficiency
💡Specialization of Tasks
💡Incentive Systems
💡Standardization
💡Scientific Selection
💡Principles of Scientific Management
Highlights
Frederick Taylor, known as the father of scientific administration, contributed greatly to administrative theory with his scientific method.
Born in 1856 and died in 1915, Taylor was an engineer, industrialist, and economist from the USA.
Taylor's work focused on substituting the empirical method with a more scientific approach to increase efficiency in work.
His book, 'The Principles of Scientific Management,' published in 1911, outlines his foundational principles.
Taylor's early life was marked by physical limitations, leading him to focus on studying physical movements for efficiency.
He emphasized the importance of tools and work methods in operational aspects of organizations.
Taylor believed that workers are naturally lazy and need to be incentivized to perform better.
He introduced the concept of dividing thinkers from doers to optimize work performance.
Taylor's method involved analyzing workers' movements with a stopwatch to find the most efficient techniques.
His work at a steel company demonstrated a significant increase in productivity by applying scientific methods.
Taylor's experiment with shovels showed the importance of matching shovel size to the weight of the material being moved.
His four fundamental principles of scientific management are planning, preparation, control, and execution.
Taylor's principles laid the foundation for the rational organization of work.
His theories introduced scientific selection of workers and incentive systems to increase motivation and productivity.
Taylor's approach led to standardized and repetitive jobs, which became more mechanical in nature.
Criticism of Taylor's work includes the perception of humans as machines, which influenced later theories focusing more on human aspects.
Taylor's principles remain significant in operational workshops and have had a lasting impact on management practices.
Transcripts
How about friends in this program company let's talk about the
parents of the administration and we'll talk
about Frederick Taylor which is
known for his great contributions to administrative theory
specifically in the scientific method
or in scientific administration
in subtitution of empirical work so
today the company
we will talk then about the father of scientific administration Frederick Taylor
Frederick Taylor was born in the year 1856
in Pennsylvania USA and dies in the year 1915
at the age of 59
he was an engineer industrialist and economist from the USA
and contributed great knowledge in the subtitution
and contributed great knowledge in the subtitution
of the empirical method by the method scientist
for which is known as the father of scientific administration
for which is known for the father of scientific administration
for the publication of his book in 1911
as the principles of the administration scientific
Taylor since her adolescence began to losing his eyesight
and his complexion weak
could not participate in sport or
any activity that will need a lot
strength that marked him for life so
that was dedicated to study
the effort physical movements the places of i work
to get information and increase efficiency in any activity
both in sport and in the production
Frederick Taylor unlike others
focused on the tools and the work methods
that is to say it was focused in the operational part
of the organizations to increase their efficiency and effectiveness
unlike others as in case of Henri Fayol
that focused all his theory on the part managerial
for Taylor man is by nature lazy
and therefore performs slowly his work
making the enterpreneur who is giving his best
for this reason the times and the movements of these workers
to study them and find the best combination
of muscular movements
to raise production and also
give uniformity to processes
what is not happened in the old empirical system
for this it was necessary to divide between who think
the best ways to do the work
and who have the physical strengths to excute it
to the first ones were given the responsibility to train the seconds
until get them the highest performance
that his body could
also give speech of the specialization of tasks
then of this way the worker earns more time
and dexterity doing the same every day
Taylor explained the stages to put in operation your new organization scientific work
first find 10 - 15 skilled workers at word analyze
2 define the exact series of elementary movements of each of
the workers carries out to execute
the analyzed work as well as the tools
and materials used
3 to finish with a stopwatch the
time necessary to perform each one of these movements and choose the mode
simplest execution
4 delete all the wrong movements
conceived the slow and the useless and
finally after having deleted thus
all the useless movements gather in
a sequence the most movements rapid
one of the great contributions of Frederick Taylor
Was given in the steel company
where he observed that each worker
on average daily I was transporting near
12.5 tons of steel ingots
and considered that it could be increased up to 48 tons per day
through the scientific method
for it Frederick Taylor chose a worker with the
proper physical conditions a strong person with ambition to love
earn much more in that time then a
worker earned $1.15 a day
and Taylor offered this person to win
1.85 everything that was said to him was done
this person was a well-known Dutchman like Schmidt
this person was told that he had to
lift the ingots by bending or
flexing the knees will also be
he said he had to lift them with the
straight legs was also told to be
was going to measure time or speed in
that he did the movements as well as
rest periods then to
select the right person in the right place and with a system
of incentives with the
useful tools to be able to do the
work then achieved the goal of
increase the number of ingots to 48
tons daily other experiments of
Taylor hit the shovels he observed
that all workers used the
same size of shovel regardless of the
weight of the material so Taylor
considered that the size of the shovel
should depend on the weight of the
material that is rising like this
determined that the optinum size at
lift by shovel should be 21
pounds also based on it determined
to the extent that material is collected
lightweight with a shovel set in size
large and if the material is heavy it should
to be picked up with a much more shovel
litle the great contributions of Frederick Taylor
are contained in your book the principles of administration scientific
published in the year 1911 of which are the four
fundamental principles of scientific administration of which
we can observe the first principle of
planning which consists of the
substitution of the empirical method for the
scientific method is to say the
replacement work improvised
work according to the criterion of the worker
by much more scientific methods and
much more studied the second
principle is the principle of
preparation wich consists of
scientifically select
worker according to certain skills needed to play very
well work well also be able
provide you with the tools and the
machinery needed to and be able to do the work according to
the objetives raised the third
principle we can observe that it is the
control principle which consists of
control to certify that the work
is being done according to the
regulations and finally the principle of
the execution which consists of
properly distribute the functions and
the responsibilities of each worker
to carry out the work of form
disciplined then we could summarize
all the contributions of Frederick Taylor
as the father of the administration
scientific in five important points
in the first place he contributed to the
creation of the foundation of the
rational organization of work in
second place the administration
scientits replacing the method
empirical in third place the selection
adequate and scientific human resource
fourth the introduction of
incentive systems
to increase motivation and
productivity of workers and in
last place for jobs
standardized from there the
jobs became mechanics and
repetitive
well friends these were the
great contributions from Frederick Taylor
considered as the father of the
scientific administration its principles
currently they are of great importance in
the workshops or in the works
operational one of the great critics
that this author received is that
considered the human being as a
machine is to say that with a system of
adequate incentive
I was going to perform better
subsequently to his theories then
others emerged a much more focus
human within them is the theory
for example Elton Mayor we're going to
see much later so remember
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