BIO 1 6: Penyebaran Fauna di Indonesia
Summary
TLDRIn this video, the speaker, Ibu Reni, introduces the topic of fauna distribution in Indonesia. The discussion explores Indonesia's rich biodiversity and highlights the Wallace and Weber Lines, imaginary boundaries that divide the country's fauna into three distinct groups. These lines separate the fauna into the western Asiatic region, the central transitional region, and the eastern Australasian region. Examples of animals from each region are provided, such as tigers, orangutans, and kangaroos. The video concludes by encouraging viewers to learn more about fauna distribution in future lessons.
Takeaways
- 🌿 The diversity of flora and fauna in Indonesia is vast due to its geographical location.
- 🦓 The distribution of fauna in Indonesia is categorized based on two imaginary lines: Wallace Line and Weber Line.
- 🌍 The Wallace Line was established by Alfred Russel Wallace, a British biogeographer, after his explorations in the Indonesian archipelago between 1854 and 1862.
- 🦜 Wallace's research divided Indonesia's fauna into two distinct regions: the western and eastern parts.
- 🌊 The Wallace Line runs from Lombok Strait, through Makassar Strait, and then eastwards towards the Philippines.
- 🌱 The Weber Line, established by German-Dutch biogeographer Max Wilhelm Carl Weber, divides the fauna of Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua.
- 🐅 The western region of Indonesia, including Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Bali, has Asiatic fauna such as tigers, elephants, and orangutans.
- 🐐 The central transitional region, including Sulawesi and Maluku, hosts unique species like anoa, babirusa, and maleo.
- 🦘 The eastern region, including Papua, is home to Australasian fauna like kangaroos, tree kangaroos, and birds of paradise.
- 📚 The flora in Indonesia is similarly divided into three categories: western, central, and eastern regions, corresponding to the fauna distribution.
Q & A
What is the main topic discussed in the video?
-The video discusses the distribution of fauna (animals) in Indonesia, focusing on the differences between various regions based on imaginary lines known as the Wallace and Weber lines.
Who was Alfred Russel Wallace and what was his contribution to the study of fauna in Indonesia?
-Alfred Russel Wallace was a British biogeographer who explored the Indonesian archipelago between 1854 and 1862. He identified two distinct faunal regions in Indonesia, separated by the Wallace Line, based on his study of birds and other species.
What is the Wallace Line, and what does it represent?
-The Wallace Line is an imaginary boundary that separates the western and eastern faunal regions of Indonesia. It runs between the islands of Bali and Lombok, and further north through the Makassar Strait. It marks the transition between species of Asian and Australasian origin.
What did Max Wilhelm Carl Weber contribute to the study of Indonesian fauna?
-Max Wilhelm Carl Weber, a German-Dutch biogeographer, proposed the Weber Line, another imaginary boundary that runs to the east of the Maluku Islands. He found that the fauna of Sulawesi is a mix of both Asian and Australian species.
How does the Weber Line differ from the Wallace Line?
-While the Wallace Line separates the western (Asian) and eastern (Australasian) faunal regions, the Weber Line marks the transition between the Australasian fauna and the more mixed transitional fauna found in Sulawesi and nearby islands.
Into how many regions is the fauna of Indonesia divided, and what are their types?
-The fauna of Indonesia is divided into three regions: the western region with Asiatic species, the central transition region, and the eastern region with Australasian species.
What are some examples of animals found in the western region of Indonesia?
-Examples of animals in the western region include the Sumatran tiger, elephant, banteng, orangutan, and Javan rhinoceros.
What types of animals are commonly found in the central transition region?
-In the central transition region, which includes islands like Sulawesi and Lombok, you can find animals such as the anoa, babirusa, and maleo.
Which animals are typical of the eastern region of Indonesia?
-The eastern region, which includes Papua and surrounding islands, is home to species such as tree kangaroos, cassowaries, and birds of paradise.
What role do the Wallace and Weber Lines play in understanding Indonesia's biodiversity?
-The Wallace and Weber Lines help scientists understand the division of Indonesia's biodiversity, showing that the flora and fauna across different regions are not homogeneous. They highlight the influence of both Asian and Australasian species on the wildlife of Indonesia.
Outlines
🧑🏫 Introduction to Fauna Distribution in Indonesia
The presenter, Ibu Reni, greets the students and introduces the topic of fauna distribution in Indonesia. She mentions the appearance of a horse, hinting at its relevance to the lesson. The session will focus on how the diverse ecosystems of Indonesia lead to different patterns of flora and fauna distribution, which will be explored based on two imaginary lines—Wallace and Weber lines.
🌍 Wallace Line: Key to Understanding Fauna Division
This paragraph delves into the Wallace Line, named after Alfred Russel Wallace, a British biogeographer. He conducted research in the Indonesian archipelago from 1854 to 1862, documenting 125,000 species of animals, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects. In 1856, Wallace noted the division of Indonesia's fauna into two distinct groups—western and eastern. By 1863, he proposed the Wallace Line, which runs through the Lombok and Makassar straits, marking the boundary between these fauna groups.
🔬 Weber Line: A Complementary Faunal Division
Here, the script explains the Weber Line, named after German-Dutch biogeographer Max Wilhelm Carl Weber. He discovered contrasting faunal groups between Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, and Papua, with Sulawesi serving as a transitional zone between Asian and Australian fauna. The Weber Line, located east of the Maluku Islands, complements the Wallace Line in illustrating the distinction between these ecological zones.
🗺️ Indonesia’s Fauna Zones: Western, Central, and Eastern
With both the Wallace and Weber lines established, this section explains that Indonesia’s fauna is divided into three regions: the western region (with Asiatic fauna), the central region (a transitional zone), and the eastern region (with Australasian fauna). The flora of Indonesia is also categorized similarly, reflecting the geographical and ecological diversity of the archipelago.
🦁 Western Indonesia: Asiatic Fauna
The fauna in the western part of Indonesia, covering Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Bali, is discussed. This region is home to species like tigers, elephants, banteng, orangutans, and the Javan rhinoceros, all of which have characteristics similar to Asiatic wildlife.
🐗 Central Indonesia: Transitional Fauna
This paragraph highlights the transitional fauna found in Central Indonesia, which includes Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, Sumbawa, Sumba, Lombok, and Timor. Notable species include the anoa, babirusa, and Maleo bird, which represent a mixture of both Asiatic and Australasian fauna.
🦘 Eastern Indonesia: Australasian Fauna
In Eastern Indonesia, particularly in Papua and the surrounding smaller islands, the fauna resembles that of Australia. This includes species such as tree kangaroos, cassowaries, and the ribbon-tailed astrapia, all of which exhibit traits of Australasian wildlife.
📚 Conclusion: Recap and Continuation
The script wraps up with a summary of the discussed concepts, including the Wallace and Weber lines and their importance in understanding Indonesia’s fauna distribution. The presenter hints at further exploration of this topic in the next video, thanking the students for their attention and offering a closing blessing.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Garis Wallace
💡Alfred Russel Wallace
💡Garis Weber
💡Fauna Asiatis
💡Fauna Peralihan
💡Fauna Australis
💡Biogeography
💡Indonesia's Biodiversity
💡Max Carl Wilhelm Weber
💡Fauna Distribution
Highlights
Introduction to the topic: The speaker introduces the lesson on the diversity and distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia.
Explanation of Wallace Line: The speaker explains the imaginary Wallace Line, a boundary dividing the distinct species of fauna between the western and eastern parts of Indonesia.
Introduction to Alfred Russel Wallace: Wallace, a British biogeographer, is introduced as the researcher who documented over 125,000 species during his exploration of the Indonesian archipelago.
Discovery of Faunal Regions: Wallace discovered that Indonesian fauna is split into two distinct regions, which later became known as the western and eastern faunal regions.
Establishment of Wallace Line: In 1859, Wallace identified the Lombok Strait and Makassar Strait as natural boundaries between the distinct faunal regions.
Definition of Wallace Line: The Wallace Line is described as running from the Lombok Strait, through the Makassar Strait, and then eastward towards the Philippines.
Introduction to Weber Line: The speaker introduces the Weber Line, an imaginary boundary proposed by German-Dutch biogeographer Max Weber, based on contrasting fauna in Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua.
Weber’s Hypothesis: Weber stated that Sulawesi's fauna is transitional between the Asian and Australian faunal zones.
Division of Indonesian Fauna: Based on the Wallace and Weber Lines, Indonesian fauna is categorized into three groups: Asiatic in the west, transitional in the center, and Australasian in the east.
Asiatic Fauna in Western Indonesia: This region includes species like tigers, elephants, orangutans, Javan rhinoceros, and banteng.
Transitional Fauna in Central Indonesia: Central regions such as Sulawesi, Maluku, and Timor host species like anoa, babirusa, and Maleo birds.
Australasian Fauna in Eastern Indonesia: Eastern regions like Papua are home to species such as tree kangaroos, cassowaries, and birds of paradise.
Division of Indonesian Flora: Similar to fauna, flora in Indonesia is categorized into three regions: western, central, and eastern.
Conclusion of Lesson: The speaker summarizes the key points about the Wallace and Weber Lines and their significance in dividing Indonesia’s diverse fauna.
Preview of Next Lesson: The speaker hints at continuing the discussion on fauna distribution in the next video lesson.
Transcripts
[Musik]
Hai anak-anak sekalian salam biologi
salam Lestari Jumpa lagi bersama dengan
saya Ibu
Reni kok ada kuda ya ngapain sih dia
lewat di sini pasti ada hubungannya
dengan topik pembelajaran kita kali ini
kali ini kita akan belajar tentang
penyebaran fan di
Indonesia seperti kalian tahu keagaman
hati di Indonesia itutinggi karena itu
faona dan flora yang dimiliki tentu
sangat beraneka ragam kira-kira
penyebaran faona di Indonesia itu sama
atau berbeda ya penyebaran flora dan
fauna di Indonesia dibagi berdasarkan
garis khal yaitu garis walas dan garis
weber Apa yang dimaksud garis hayal ya
jadi dari mana garis walas dan garis
Weber yang pertama adalah garis walas
walas adalah seorang ahli biogeografi
dari Inggris bernama Alfred Russel
wallas yang merupakan penjelajah
nusantara pada tahun
1854 sampai
1862 dari hasil penelitiannya Alfred
Russel wallas berhasil mendokumentasikan
125.000 spesies yang terdiri dari
mamalia reptil burung kupu-kupu hingga
jenis Randa pada tahun 1856 dana
suratnya dia menyatakan bahwa fauna yang
menghuni Indonesia terbagi menjadi dua
fauna yang berbeda yaitu fauna di
kawasan barat dan fauna di kawasan Timur
tetapi batas kedua kawasan tersebut
masih belum jelas baru pada tahun
1859 berdasarkan pada penyebaran jenis
burung walas menetapkan Selat Lombok dan
Selat Makassar ditetapkan sebagai
pembatasnya akhirnya di tahun
1863 walas menetapkan batasnya yakni
mulai dari selat bombok kemudian
berlanjut ke Selat Makassar lalu
berbelok arah timur ke arah Filipina
Inilah yang disebut sebagai garis khayal
walas selanjutnya ada garis khayal Weber
yang ditetapkan berdasarkan hipotesa
dari Marx willam Carl Weber seorang ahli
geografi dan hewan dari Jerman Belanda
Weber menemukan hal yang serupa seperti
yang ditemukan oleh walas tapi tempatnya
berbeda dia menemukan ragam fauna yang
cukup kontras di Kepulauan Sulawesi dan
kepulauan Maluku serta Papua Weber
menyatakan Pulau Sulawesi memiliki Funa
yang merupakan peralihan antara wilayah
Asia dan Australia akhirnya Weber
menetapkan garis khyal di sebelah timur
kepulauan Maluku yang kemudian dinamakan
garis Weber dengan ad garis khal walas
dan Weber yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak
semua flora dan fauna di Indonesia itu
sama apalagi Indonesia adalah negara
kepulauan jadi dengan adanya garis walas
dan Weber maka fauna Indonesia dibagi
menjadi tiga kelontook yaitu fauna
Indonesia bagian barat dengan tipe
asiatis fauna Indonesia bagian tengah
dengan tipe kealihan fauna Indonesia
bagian timur dengan tipe australis
kemudian jenis flora di Indonesia dibagi
menjadi tiga yaitu flora Indonesia
bagian barat flora Indonesia bagian
tengah dan flora Indonesia bagian timur
Jadi bagaimana ya kira-kira
karakteristik dari hewan yang ada di
masing-masing wilayah pertama adalah
kawasan Indonesia bagian barat yang
meliputi Sumatera Jawa Kalimantan dan
Bali contoh hewan yang tinggal di
dalamnya adalah Harimau gajah banteng
orang utan badak jawa dan masih banyak
yang lainnya yang kedua adalah kawasan
peralihan yang meliputi Sulawesi Maluku
Sumbawa Sumba Lombok dan Timor contoh
faunanya adalah podo anoa babi rusa dan
Maleo terakhir adalah kawasan Timur yang
meliputi Papua dan peluh-peluh kecil di
sekitarnya jenis wona yang ada di bagian
timur ini antaranya adalah Kangguru
pohon titik pupu sayapu burungend asi
ekor pita jadi kali ini kalian sudah
belajar mengenai garis walas dan meber
serta fauna yang menjadi ciri-ciri
wilayah tersebut Lalu bagaimana dengan
penyebaran fauna di Indonesia Kita akan
lanjutkan di video pembelajaran
selanjutnya Terima kasih atas atensinya
Tuhan Yesus
memberkati than
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