The Anti-Federalist Papers Explained

Summary

This video from Hip Hughes History explores the lesser-known Anti-Federalist Papers, which opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. While the Federalist Papers supported a strong central government, Anti-Federalists feared that such power would lead to tyranny. Figures like George Clinton and Patrick Henry argued for more localized control and self-rule, warning against the rise of elite power and the erosion of state sovereignty. The video reviews key Anti-Federalist arguments about taxation, standing armies, and the lack of a Bill of Rights, ultimately highlighting their lasting influence on American political thought.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Anti-Federalist Papers, unlike the famous Federalist Papers, also played a crucial role in debating the ratification of the US Constitution.
• 🇺🇸 The Articles of Confederation, used between 1776-1787, provided a loose confederation of states with minimal central government power, leading to issues like Shay’s Rebellion.
• ⚖️ The Federalists advocated for a new Constitution to address these issues, while the Anti-Federalists warned of the dangers of a centralized government.
• 👨‍⚖️ Prominent Anti-Federalist writers included George Clinton, Patrick Henry, and anonymous figures like Brutus, KO, and the Federal Farmer.
• 💰 Anti-Federalists feared the Constitution would benefit an elite ruling class, increasing the power of bankers, merchants, and politicians at the expense of ordinary citizens.
• 🪖 Anti-Federalist Paper 8 argued against a standing army, believing it could be used to suppress citizens, referencing events like the Whiskey Rebellion.
• 🏛️ Anti-Federalist Paper 9 argued that the new Senate and President were tools of the elite, protecting their interests over those of ordinary people.
• 📜 Paper 17 warned that federal powers, like the elastic clause and judicial supremacy, would eventually erode state power.
• 💡 The lack of a Bill of Rights was a major concern for the Anti-Federalists, leading to the eventual inclusion of the first 10 amendments in the Constitution.
• ⚖️ In their final remarks (Paper 85), Anti-Federalists argued the Constitution needed revisions to prevent federal tyranny and to better secure individual liberties.

Q & A

What were the Anti-Federalist Papers, and how do they compare to the Federalist Papers?

The Anti-Federalist Papers were a collection of essays written by various authors arguing against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Unlike the Federalist Papers, which were a unified and organized defense of the Constitution written by prominent figures like Madison, Jay, and Hamilton, the Anti-Federalist Papers were less coordinated, written by different individuals under pseudonyms like Brutus and Federal Farmer.

Why were the Articles of Confederation considered weak, and what event highlighted this weakness?

The Articles of Confederation were seen as weak because they created a loose confederation of states with a weak central government that lacked a judicial or executive branch, the power to tax, and the ability to maintain a standing army. Shay’s Rebellion highlighted this weakness, showing that the federal government could not handle internal conflicts, which led to calls for a stronger central government.

What was the main fear of the Anti-Federalists regarding the U.S. Constitution?

The Anti-Federalists feared that the U.S. Constitution would create a strong central government that would become tyrannical, stripping away the liberties of the people and overpowering state governments. They were particularly concerned about the power being concentrated in the hands of the elite, like bankers and merchants.

Who were some of the key figures behind the Anti-Federalist Papers?

Notable figures behind the Anti-Federalist Papers include George Clinton, the governor of New York, and Patrick Henry, who authored many of the essays. There were also other lesser-known authors who wrote under pseudonyms such as Brutus, Federal Farmer, and Montezuma.

What was the Anti-Federalist view on a standing army, as expressed in Paper No. 8?

In Anti-Federalist Paper No. 8, the authors expressed concerns about the federal government having a standing army. They feared that such a force could be used to suppress the liberties of citizens, citing examples like the Whiskey Rebellion and the federal government’s use of troops to enforce integration in schools.

What were the Anti-Federalists' arguments against the structure of the Senate and presidency?

In Anti-Federalist Paper No. 9, the authors argued that the Senate and the presidency were designed to protect the interests of the elite. They viewed the Senate as an unaccountable body, where two-thirds of its members were insulated from election, making it difficult to hold them responsible. They also believed that the House of Representatives was subservient to the more powerful Senate.

What concerns did Anti-Federalist Paper No. 17 raise about federal power over state power?

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 17 argued that the U.S. Constitution’s provisions, such as the elastic clause, the supremacy clause, and the interstate commerce system, would ultimately allow federal power to grow and dominate state governments, undermining the autonomy of the states.

Why did the Anti-Federalists advocate for amendments to the Articles of Confederation rather than a new Constitution?

The Anti-Federalists believed that the issues with the Articles of Confederation could be addressed through amendments rather than creating an entirely new Constitution. In Paper No. 22, they argued that abandoning the Articles risked losing liberties to what they saw as an emerging tyranny under the new Constitution.

How did the Anti-Federalists address the issue of taxation in their papers?

Several Anti-Federalist Papers, including Papers No. 32 through 36, expressed concerns that giving the central government the power to tax would lead to the concentration of too much power. They feared that the federal government would become self-serving and grow beyond control.

What was the Anti-Federalist stance on the lack of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution?

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84 emphasized the absence of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution as a major flaw. The Anti-Federalists argued that without explicitly enumerated rights, citizens' liberties were at risk of being infringed upon by the federal government. This argument was influential in the eventual inclusion of the Bill of Rights.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Overview of Anti-Federalist Papers and Their Significance

The Anti-Federalist Papers, unlike the more popular Federalist Papers, argued against ratifying the U.S. Constitution. These papers were written by various figures, often under pseudonyms, to express fears about centralizing too much power in the federal government. The Articles of Confederation, which was the governing document from 1776 to 1787, reflected a distrust of centralized authority. However, events like Shay’s Rebellion highlighted the need for a stronger central government, leading to the Constitutional Convention. Federalists supported the new Constitution, while Anti-Federalists feared that it would strip away individual liberties and increase the power of elites.

05:09

⚔️ Fear of Federal Military Power

Anti-Federalists, as reflected in Anti-Federalist Paper No. 8, were deeply suspicious of a federal government's ability to suppress insurrections with a standing army. They feared this could lead to the oppression of citizens, citing examples like the Whiskey Rebellion and even the use of federal troops during the desegregation of Little Rock schools as instances of federal overreach. The Anti-Federalists argued that a strong federal military would ultimately undermine state and individual liberties.

10:10

🏛️ Criticism of a Consolidated Government and Elite Rule

In Anti-Federalist Paper No. 9, Monazuma (an Anti-Federalist pseudonym) voiced concerns about the Senate and the president acting as protectors of the elite class. They argued that a consolidated government would favor the wealthy over the general public, limiting direct democracy. The Senate was criticized for being too insulated from public accountability, with its members rotating only one-third at a time, and for acting as an aristocratic body, distanced from the people. Anti-Federalists preferred the Articles of Confederation’s focus on state representation over a strong central authority.

🌍 Rhode Island’s Stand and the Difficulty of Escaping Tyranny

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 15 supported Rhode Island’s decision to oppose the new Constitution. The paper argued that transitioning from a free government to an arbitrary one (as they believed the U.S. Constitution would create) was easy, but reversing tyranny would be extremely difficult. The Anti-Federalists saw the Constitution as an invitation to tyranny, warning that once central authority took hold, it would be nearly impossible to regain lost liberties.

⚖️ Federal Power vs. State Power

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 17 highlighted fears that federal power, particularly through mechanisms like the elastic clause, the supremacy clause, and judicial supremacy, would eventually overpower the states. The Anti-Federalists believed that federal institutions, once granted authority, would inevitably seek to expand their power at the expense of state sovereignty and individual liberties. They argued that human nature tends toward the expansion of power, leading to an imbalance that would erode the rights of the states.

🛠️ Amend the Articles, Don’t Abandon Them

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 22 focused on the argument that the Articles of Confederation could be amended to address the nation's problems, rather than scrapping them entirely in favor of the new Constitution. The paper contended that abandoning the Articles in favor of a new constitution would result in the loss of liberties, and urged that any issues be resolved within the existing framework rather than creating a potentially oppressive federal government.

💰 Power to Tax and the Fear of Centralization

The Anti-Federalists, in multiple papers (32-36), argued that giving the federal government the power to tax would lead to the expansion of its authority and reduce the autonomy of the states. They feared that federal taxation would allow the government to grow disproportionately, concentrating power in the hands of a few, and ultimately infringe on the liberties of the people. The Anti-Federalists viewed this as one of the clearest paths to tyranny.

🏛️ The Problem with Factions and Centralized Power

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 37 challenged the Federalists’ argument that the new Constitution would provide a stable framework for managing factions. While acknowledging that Shay’s Rebellion illustrated the dangers of factions, the paper argued that centralizing power to prevent such uprisings would only benefit the elite at the expense of ordinary citizens. The Anti-Federalists warned against giving one faction—the wealthy elite—too much control over the government, which would lead to further oppression.

🔍 Flaws in Checks and Balances

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 51 criticized the checks and balances in the proposed Constitution, arguing that they were insufficient to prevent the federal government from overstepping its bounds. The paper pointed out loopholes, particularly in the president's veto power, which could undermine democratic decision-making by allowing a single individual to block the will of Congress. The Anti-Federalists feared that these gaps in the system would allow the federal government to gradually erode liberty.

🛡️ The Bill of Rights: A Necessary Addition

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84 strongly advocated for the inclusion of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution. The Anti-Federalists argued that without explicit protections for individual liberties, the new government would be prone to infringing on rights. This paper played a key role in convincing Federalists to adopt the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, ensuring the protection of personal freedoms.

🚨 Final Appeal Against the Constitution

Anti-Federalist Paper No. 85 made a final plea against the ratification of the Constitution, arguing that the issues under the Articles of Confederation were exaggerated and that amending them would suffice. The paper emphasized that the Constitution would lead to the federal government’s oppression of the states and citizens, that the representation in Congress was inadequate to safeguard liberty, and that human nature would push those in power to expand their authority. The Anti-Federalists warned that adopting the Constitution would inevitably result in tyranny.

Keywords

💡Anti-Federalist Papers

The Anti-Federalist Papers were a series of essays written to argue against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. They were less organized than the Federalist Papers but reflected concerns about centralized power. In the video, the speaker explains that these essays were written by individuals like Patrick Henry and others using pseudonyms, and they warned that the Constitution could lead to tyranny.

💡Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers were essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. They argued in favor of a strong central government. The speaker contrasts these with the Anti-Federalist Papers, explaining that the Federalists had a more unified and organized campaign to defend the Constitution.

💡Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation were the first governing document of the United States, in place from 1776 to 1787. They created a weak central government with no executive or judicial branches, limited power to tax, and no standing army. The speaker discusses how the failure of the Articles, demonstrated by events like Shay’s Rebellion, led to calls for a stronger Constitution.

💡Shay's Rebellion

Shay's Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts in 1786-1787 by farmers protesting economic injustice and the lack of support from the weak federal government under the Articles of Confederation. The rebellion is mentioned in the video as a turning point that led to fears the weak central government could not maintain order, which pushed many to support a new Constitution.

💡Centralized power

Centralized power refers to the concentration of political authority in a central government. The Anti-Federalists feared that the new U.S. Constitution gave too much power to the federal government, potentially leading to tyranny. In the video, the speaker highlights how Anti-Federalists were wary of centralized power because they believed it could suppress individual and state liberties.

💡Tyranny

Tyranny is the oppressive use of power by a government or ruler. In the context of the Anti-Federalist Papers, tyranny refers to the fear that the new Constitution would lead to a government that would oppress citizens and states. The speaker discusses how many Anti-Federalists believed that the Constitution’s framework could lead to tyranny by the elite or the federal government.

💡Supremacy Clause

The Supremacy Clause in the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law. The Anti-Federalists feared that this clause would allow the federal government to overpower state governments. The speaker mentions this concern in Anti-Federalist Paper 17, where critics argue that federal power would ultimately subvert state authority.

💡Elastic Clause

The Elastic Clause, also known as the Necessary and Proper Clause, gives Congress the power to pass laws deemed necessary to carry out its duties. Anti-Federalists were concerned that this clause would allow the federal government to expand its powers beyond what was explicitly granted in the Constitution. This fear is discussed in relation to Anti-Federalist Paper 17, which warns of the federal government growing too powerful.

💡Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights refers to the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantee fundamental liberties. Anti-Federalists strongly argued for the inclusion of a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedoms from federal government overreach. The speaker mentions Anti-Federalist Paper 84, which criticized the lack of a Bill of Rights in the original Constitution and ultimately led to its addition.

💡Faction

A faction is a group of individuals, often with shared interests, that seeks to influence government policy. The U.S. Constitution was designed to manage factions through a system of checks and balances. However, the Anti-Federalists argued that the Constitution would allow elite factions to gain too much power. The speaker references Anti-Federalist Paper 37, which critiques the Constitution’s ability to prevent elite factions from dominating.

Highlights

Introduction to the Anti-Federalist Papers, often overshadowed by the Federalist Papers but equally important in the debate over the ratification of the US Constitution.

Explanation of the Articles of Confederation, highlighting the fear of centralized power and its connection to the American Revolution's causes.

Shay's Rebellion is introduced as a key event that demonstrated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and led to calls for a stronger central government.

Overview of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and the decision to draft a new constitution rather than amend the Articles of Confederation.

The Federalist Papers, authored by Madison, Jay, and Hamilton, aimed to defend the new US Constitution and argue for ratification.

Introduction of the Anti-Federalist Papers, written by figures like George Clinton and Patrick Henry under pseudonyms such as Brutus and the Federal Farmer, opposing the Constitution.

Anti-Federalist Paper #1, 'A Dangerous Plan of Benefit Only to the Aristocrat,' argued that the new Constitution favored elites and centralized power.

Anti-Federalist Paper #8 expresses concern about the federal government's power to use a standing army to suppress insurrections, linking it to fears of government overreach.

Anti-Federalist Paper #9, 'A Consolidated Government is Tyranny,' critiques the Senate and President as protectors of elite interests, calling for direct democracy.

Anti-Federalist Paper #15 defends Rhode Island’s refusal to participate in ratifying the Constitution, warning that tyranny is easier to enter than to escape.

Anti-Federalist Paper #17 argues that federal power will eventually subvert state power through mechanisms like the elastic clause and the supremacy clause.

Anti-Federalist Paper #22 calls for amending the Articles of Confederation rather than adopting a new constitution, emphasizing adherence to established rules.

A series of Anti-Federalist Papers (#32–36) focus on the dangers of giving Congress the power to tax, fearing it would lead to overreach and loss of liberty.

Anti-Federalist Paper #51 critiques the checks and balances system in the Constitution, particularly the President’s veto power, which they argue undermines democracy.

Anti-Federalist Paper #84 calls out the lack of a Bill of Rights in the original Constitution, leading to its later inclusion as a result of Anti-Federalist pressure.

Transcripts

hey guys welcome to hip Hughes history

we have not the Federalist Papers on tap

for you but the Anti-Federalist papers

these papers they don't get any

notoriety like The Federalist Papers but

they exist they're out there so let's

look at the arguments that the anti-feds

had as they argue in sess Across the

Nation against ratifying the US

Constitution here we go gidy up for the

learning than

la la la la

la most of us know the Story Once Upon a

Time some American colonists got

together in 1776 and overthrew the

strongest most powerful Nation on Earth

Great Britain in the American Revolution

now from 1776 to 1787 the first decade

of American History we were run under a

framework of a constitution called The

Articles of Confederation and if you

look at the Declaration of Independence

the reasons why we left Great Britain in

the first place you you can see why that

framework is the way it is it's a very

loose Confederation of states there is

an immense fear of centralized power

that power corrupts therefore don't give

the central government much power at all

and that's in fact true there is only a

congress there's no judicial branch no

executive branch no power to tax there's

no standing army it's very hard to pass

a law it's almost impossible to amend

the Articles of Confederation but that's

because they believed that a limited

government meant more Liberty for

everybody and then The Story Goes that

Shay's rebellion and Insurrection is

going to lead to a fear that this weak

central government can't handle itself

that we need a stronger Union and the

people that believe that go to the

Constitutional Convention in 1787 to

write a new constitution now because you

needed all 13 states to amend the

Articles of Confederation and Rhode

Island was like no way Jose they decided

that rather than trying to amend it they

would just write a whole new

constitution and that's what they did

and by September of 1787 they're like

we're done let's ratify this sucker and

then both sides go out to persuade

Americans either for ratification or

against now the for ratification side

you've already heard about that that's

the Federalist Papers James Madison John

Jay Alexander Hamilton are going to lead

a very centralized effort a unified

effort to go out and Point by Point

defend the new US Constitution to argue

for ratification but there's also

another side the anti-feds and they're

going to write essays under a very much

less unified effort they're not putting

their heads together they're just

throwing spaghetti at the wall in a

sense a couple names you might know you

might know George Clinton governor of

New York you might know Patrick Henry he

authored many of the anti-fed papers but

then there's a whole cast of characters

that you probably don't know and they're

all going to write under pseudonyms like

KO and Brutus and the federal farmer now

it wasn't until 1965 at the University

of Chicago that the anti-fed papers were

compiled into kind of a group that

matched The Federalist Papers but

nevertheless they're very interesting

they very much sound like the tea party

Advocates today people that are saying

that the federal government's corrupt

that the federal government is taking

your Liberty away that we need self-rule

if we're going to have democracy Dem

ocracy be be run localized by the people

that handle the Affairs of their own

business there's an immense fear in the

tea party and the anti-fed party of

centralized power and a fear that this

power corrupts and that the elite the

merchant class the banker class the

industrial class they're really

invisibly holding the levers of power

and their self-interest is out rting the

self-interest of the people so let's

take a look at some of the anti-fed

papers how excited are you and in many

Cas is just reading the titles are

really going to explain where they're

coming from so what are we waiting for

let's take a look at a few of the

anti-fed

papers anti-fed paper one and I love

that it's written by someone who calls

thems a federalist but the title says it

all the title is a dangerous plan of

benefit only to the Aristocrat

combination and what the Federalist

argues in this paper is that lawyers and

the elite and the banker class if you

give them an inside loop to power

they're only going to grow their power

they're going to grow it tenfold and

what he says is I'd rather be a free

citizen of the small Republic of

Massachusetts than an oppressed subject

of an American Empire he says of

politicians they are the Loaves and

Fishes for which they hunger that if you

give them power their self-interest will

outride the self-interest of the people

of the United States more government

less liberty no thank

you anti-fed paper number eight the

power to suppress insurrections using

troops the anti-feds don't like the idea

that the big old government's going to

have a big old army they see it through

the lens that one day and soon after

that the federal government's going to

use this standing army their power to

have a standing army to crush the Liber

of its own citizens in the states they

would argue this can be seen through the

Whiskey Rebellion when Washington is

going to use federal troops to crush an

Insurrection by citizens in Pennsylvania

and then some would argue and I don't

like the argument but that Eisenhower

using troops to integrate the schools of

Little Rock is a crushing of the liberty

of the people of Arkansas so that's

anti-fed paper number eight watch out

for the big old guns of the government

anti-fed paper Number Nine by monaz Zuma

how cool of a name is that for an

anti-fed a consolidated government is

tyranny this is really an argument

against the Senate and the president as

being a protector of the Elite Class

remember the anti-fed papers are very

much Laden with anti-elitism that direct

democracy at the local level people

representing themselves is the best way

to protect Liberty that what a

government's supposed to do so in this

paper they rail a little bit against the

Senate number one that they're the ones

to protect the president and impeachment

trial really the president and the

Senators number two they're only rotated

on a onethird basis so how is there ever

going to be real accountability if

2third of the Senate is entrenched every

election they're also saying that at the

end of the day the Senate sits above the

people that the House of Representatives

in a sense is the monkey child of the

Senate which is the elites the ones that

are in a sense representing the order of

the Union rather than representing the

states so at the end of the day what

these people want is they want a bigger

House of Representatives you know what

they want they want to keep the Articles

of

Confederation anti-fed paper number 15

Rhode Island you're right a whole essay

about how Rhode Island was all good and

all right about walking away from this

shind dig and one of the quotes a really

great quote from anti-fit paper number

15 is it may be easy to change a free

government into an arbitrary one but

that it is very difficult to convert

tyranny into Freedom they see this

effort and they're selling it as a call

to tyranny that the US Constitution will

be tyranny and we need to oppose tyranny

because once you go into tyranny It's A

Hard Road out

anti-fed paper number 17 Federal power

will ultimately subvert state power and

this is probably the main argument that

they're looking at specific wheels of

the constitution in this essay the

elastic clause the supremacy clause the

interstate commerce system this the idea

that there's judicial Supremacy in the

Supreme Court over state courts and

they're saying that ultimately

this is only going to grow and this is

something the Tea Party might say today

that originally the power in the

Constitution was like that big and then

because of the mechanisms in the

Constitution and the innate nature of

human beings to expand power for their

own self-interest that is like this big

now a great quote from that anti-fed

paper is it is a truth confirmed by the

uniring experiences of the ages that

every man and every body of men invested

with power are ever disposed to increase

it you give somebody a little bit of a

cookie they going to want a whole box of

cookies anti-fed paper number 22 amend

the Articles what do you doing we

already have a constitution you can't

just arbitrarily walk away from it and

go write a new one that you got to play

by the rules and this is an essay trying

to persuade the American people let's

follow the rules that the Articles can

be amended we can fix these things

without having to abandon our Liberty on

the foot of the Statue of tyranny the US

Constitution they say is

tyranny if you remember the battlecry of

the American Revolution it's no taxation

without representation so you can bet

your better half that there's a whole

bunch of anti-fed papers that are

directly addressing the power of tax

that the federal government's going to

have specifically Congress so anti-fed

papers 32 33 34 35 36 are all revolving

around this idea that again if you give

the power to tax to the central

government that in a sense you're giving

them the power to feed themselves and

then they give the power of someone to

feed themselves they're going to be a

big old boy one

day anti-fed paper number 37 deals

specifically with f actions trying to

counterbalance the argument on the other

side that the US Constitution is the

best framework to contain factions and

have a healthy Republic and what they

really argue is that yes Shay's

Rebellion Illustrated that a faction

could rise up and try to take the rights

away from another faction in this case

Shay's Rebellion they say that that's

the aristocrats but they also say that

most people lie between these two sides

most of us aren't in debt and most of us

aren't powerful rich people people so

why are we giving the other side the

elites the power to have their own

Revolution to write new rules because

there's an instance of another faction

trying to take their rights away that's

the argument let's not break up the

whole party because there was some party

spoilers anti-fed Paper 51 specifically

deals with the check and balance

arguments of the US Constitution really

to trying to shine some lights through

some of the holes basically saying that

if you give the president the power to

veto that even though it's a two-thirds

majority to override let's be kind of

Common Sense here you're giving the

president basically the right to uh ex

out democracy if people want something

in the house and the Senate they're not

going to be able to get it because of

one guy and there's also other

objections to other checks and balances

where they're trying to show that there

are some holes in here there's going to

be an opport opportunity for the federal

government to play Within those new

rules to get what they want Even though

there's supposed to be checks and

balances to protect Liberty they say

that Liberty shouldn't be protected by

swiss

cheese anti-fed paper 84 is going to be

a winner we have a winner give the kid a

balloon this is going to be on the lack

of a Bill of Rights why oh why is there

no Bill of Rights and really the people

that wrote the Constitution they don't

have a really strong argument to stand

on that the idea that we should write

into the US Constitution to amend it to

have specific protections for Liberty

which is so feared to be lost by these

anti-feds is going to be persuasive and

it is going to force the hand of the

Federalist where we're going to get the

10 Bill of Rights and of course all of

those are down in the description below

as well as the those papers but I talk

too much let's just do one

more # anti-fed paper number 85

concluding remarks the evils under the

articles are exaggerated the

Constitution needs to be greatly revised

and amended It's the final pitch to say

hey hey what do you say this

constitution shouldn't stay we need to

change it it's just too dangerous they

go through Point BYO arguments that

number one the general construct of the

Constitution is going to lead to tyranny

that eventually the states are going to

be subjected to the oppression of the

federal government in the name of the

Union number two they say that this

representation that's held in the

legislature the way that it's

constructed is just not good enough to

secure the blessings of liberty it's not

going to do the job they go through

Congress the power of taxation how that

is too powerful that it's going to lead

to oppression that the courts are going

to be Supreme Over the states and as

that power expands because human nature

is to expand its own power it's going to

subject the state courts to the wills

and the whims of the Union Court the

Supreme Court the president has too much

power at the end of the day it's a final

pitch that if you love your Liberty that

you shouldn't sign on to this US

Constitution that we need to take a

stand as the people consent of the

Govern to say let's stop this bad boy

before it becomes the Tyranny we all

know it's going to be how about that so

there you go guys there's the anti-fed

papers there it is as a summary we hope

that you understand a little bit more

about it than when you press the button

in the beginning of the video and now

I'm going to wish you well I'm going to

say what I always say at the end of

every video lecture retention goes

energy flows we'll see you guys next

time you press me Buttons

what