PRESENTATION: BIOSPHERE 9

Summary

The biosphere consists of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, supporting various forms of life. Biodiversity, crucial for ecosystem stability, includes genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Key relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism define interactions within ecosystems. Earth's biomes, including aquatic, grasslands, forests, deserts, and tundras, support diverse species, while climate change, air quality, and human activity pose significant challenges to biodiversity and ecosystem health. Human population dynamics are influenced by environmental factors and technological advances, while the biosphere provides essential resources for all life on Earth, making its preservation vital.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The biosphere consists of three main components: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, each playing a key role in supporting life.
• 🦠 Biodiversity encompasses the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms, which is essential for life-sustaining processes on Earth.
• 🧬 Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity are the three types of biodiversity, each contributing to adaptability and ecosystem stability.
• 🐅 Species diversity in places like the Great Barrier Reef exemplifies the vast variety of species within specific ecosystems.
• 🏞 Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats in a location, providing homes for different species and promoting ecological balance.
• 🐺 Organisms interact in ecosystems through relationships like predation, competition, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism, each affecting species survival.
• 🌲 Earth's biomes include aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, each characterized by unique climates and species adaptations.
• 🛑 Climate change affects the biosphere by altering life cycles, species survival, and food chains, leading to potential habitat loss and extinction.
• 💧 Water quality and soil health are critical for human survival, agriculture, and ecosystem balance, with poor conditions leading to erosion and decreased yields.
• 🌡 Human population dynamics are influenced by factors such as food supply, disease, technological advancements, and environmental changes.

Q & A

What are the three main components of the biosphere?

The three main components of the biosphere are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The atmosphere contains gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen and protects life from harmful solar radiation. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies, supporting marine and land species. The lithosphere is the Earth's crust, containing rocks, soil, and minerals and is home to many terrestrial species.

What is biodiversity and why is it important?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It is essential for processes that support life on Earth, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and maintaining healthy ecosystems.

What are the three types of biodiversity?

The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Genetic diversity refers to the variety of traits within species, helping them adapt to environmental changes. Species diversity refers to the number and abundance of species in an area, such as Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats in a particular location.

How does competition affect species in an ecosystem?

Competition occurs when individuals or populations compete for the same resources. This can happen within or between species. For example, lions and hyenas compete for prey. Competition can be for food, territory, or other resources, and it influences how species coexist and survive.

What is the difference between predation and parasitism?

Predation is when one organism eats another to obtain nutrients, such as a cat eating a rat. Parasitism is when one organism benefits at the expense of another without necessarily killing it, like ticks feeding on a host. Unlike predation, parasitism does not always result in the death of the host.

What are the main types of mutualistic relationships?

Mutualism is a relationship in which both species benefit. The main types include obligate mutualism, where species cannot survive without each other; diffusive mutualism, where one species can live with multiple partners; and facultative mutualism, where species can survive on their own but benefit from the relationship under certain conditions.

What are Earth's five main biomes?

Earth's five main biomes are aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra. Aquatic biomes include marine and freshwater environments. Grasslands are open areas with low rainfall. Forests are dominated by trees and home to diverse species. Deserts are dry, with little rainfall, and tundras are cold regions with permafrost.

How does climate change impact the biosphere?

Climate change significantly impacts the biosphere by altering habitats, affecting species' survival and reproductive cycles, and influencing food chains. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events can lead to habitat loss and increased risk of extinction for vulnerable species.

Why is soil important in an ecosystem?

Soil is vital for plant growth, food production, and water purification. Healthy soil supports ecosystems and agriculture, while poor soil can lead to erosion and decreased crop yields.

What is the role of the biosphere in Earth's systems?

The biosphere functions as Earth's life-support system, assisting in the regulation of atmospheric composition, soil health, and the water cycle. It provides the organic matter necessary for energy and nutrient cycling, supporting all forms of life on Earth.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Components of the Biosphere

The biosphere has three main components: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The atmosphere consists of gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen, and protects from harmful solar radiation. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies, supporting marine and land species. The lithosphere is the Earth's crust, home to rocks, soil, minerals, and many terrestrial species.

05:01

🌿 Understanding Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It is crucial for life-supporting processes on Earth. Biodiversity includes genetic diversity (variation within species), species diversity (variety and abundance of species), and ecosystem diversity (variety of habitats). High biodiversity increases stability and resilience in ecosystems.

10:02

🌳 The Concept of Ecosystems

An ecosystem is a geographic area where living organisms interact with their physical environment. Ecosystems are complex networks where organisms occupy niches, involving five types of relationships: predation (one organism eats another), competition (organisms compete for resources), commensalism (one benefits, the other is unaffected), parasitism (one benefits, the other is harmed), and mutualism (both benefit).

15:03

🦠 Types of Species Relationships

There are various species relationships in ecosystems: commensalism (e.g., barnacles on whales), parasitism (e.g., ticks on hosts), and mutualism (e.g., bees pollinating flowers). Mutualism has three forms: obligate (species can't survive without each other), diffuse (organisms can partner with multiple species), and facultative (species can survive alone under certain conditions).

20:06

🌐 Overview of Earth's Biomes

Earth's biomes include aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra. Aquatic biomes are divided into marine and freshwater regions. Grasslands are open areas with low rainfall, maintained by wildfires and grazing. Forests are rich in biodiversity and play a crucial role in oxygen production. Deserts are dry with extreme temperatures, and tundras, located below the Arctic ice caps, act as carbon sinks.

🌡 Climate Change and the Biosphere

The biosphere affects Earth's climate system by altering atmospheric composition. Climate change impacts ecosystems and biodiversity, causing changes in life cycles, species distribution, and ecosystem services. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events disrupt habitats, leading to potential species extinctions and affecting human resources like clean water and agriculture.

💧 Water Quality and Soil Health

Water quality varies between clean and contaminated, impacting health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Soil health influences plant growth, food production, and water purification. Healthy soil supports ecosystems and agriculture, while poor soil leads to erosion and reduced crop yields. Humidity affects plant transpiration and animal hydration, while air quality impacts respiratory health and photosynthesis.

🏞 The Importance of the Biosphere

The biosphere provides essential resources for life, including food, medicine, and materials. It supports ecosystems necessary for survival and adaptation. Human populations are influenced by environmental factors, social customs, and technological advancements. The biosphere's resources are finite and require preservation for sustainability. Biosphere reserves protect biodiversity and restore traditional lifestyles.

Keywords

💡Biosphere

The biosphere refers to the regions of the Earth where life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. It plays a crucial role in supporting ecosystems and biodiversity by providing the necessary resources for life. The script mentions how the biosphere is essential for life, including its components like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

💡Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, containing elements like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. It plays a protective role by shielding the Earth from harmful solar radiation and is critical for supporting life. In the script, it is described as the first component of the biosphere.

💡Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere includes all water bodies on Earth, such as oceans, rivers, and lakes. It supports marine life and other species that depend on water. The script highlights the hydrosphere as the second component of the biosphere and its importance in maintaining ecosystems.

💡Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the Earth's outer layer, consisting of the crust where rocks, soil, and minerals are found. It provides habitats for terrestrial species and is vital for plant growth and geological processes. The script identifies the lithosphere as the final component of the biosphere.

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms in a particular area, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is essential for ecosystem stability and supports the processes that allow life to thrive on Earth. The script discusses biodiversity in the context of genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.

💡Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment in a specific geographic area. It involves relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism. The script explains ecosystems as complex networks where species interact within their niches to maintain balance and perform essential functions.

💡Predation

Predation is a relationship where one organism, the predator, hunts and consumes another organism, the prey, for nutrients. The script provides an example of a cat hunting rats and describes predation as a key interaction within ecosystems.

💡Mutualism

Mutualism is a type of relationship in which both organisms involved benefit from their interaction. It can occur in various forms, such as between ants and aphids. The script elaborates on mutualism, including examples like bees and flowers where both species benefit from pollination and food exchange.

💡Biome

A biome is a large region characterized by its climate, geography, and the organisms that live there. The script identifies five main types of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra. Each biome supports different ecosystems and species, adapting to environmental conditions.

💡Climate Change

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions, significantly impacting ecosystems and biodiversity. The script discusses how climate change alters life cycles of plants and animals, such as causing earlier blooming or affecting animal migration patterns.

Highlights

The biosphere has three main components: atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, each playing a crucial role in supporting life on Earth.

The atmosphere surrounds Earth, containing gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen, while also providing protection from harmful solar radiation.

The hydrosphere includes all bodies of water and supports both marine and land species, making it vital for biodiversity.

The lithosphere, or Earth's crust, contains rock, soil, and minerals and is home to many terrestrial species.

Biodiversity is crucial for life, consisting of genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity, and it supports ecosystems and human survival.

Genetic diversity allows species to adapt to environmental changes, and examples include different breeds of dogs.

Species diversity refers to the variety and abundance of species in an area, such as the Great Barrier Reef, which is home to many aquatic species.

Ecosystem diversity is the variety of habitats in a specific area, providing the necessary environment for different plants and animals to thrive.

High biodiversity contributes to ecosystem stability, improving the chances of species and environmental survival.

Ecosystems are geographic areas where organisms interact with their physical environment, performing vital functions for life.

Five types of relationships exist among organisms: predation, competition, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism, each with unique inter-species dynamics.

Mutualism, a relationship where both species benefit, plays a critical role in sustaining ecosystems, as seen in ants protecting aphids in exchange for food.

Earth's biomes, including aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, each have unique characteristics that shape the environment and support biodiversity.

Climate change is significantly affecting the biosphere, altering plant and animal life cycles, habitats, and leading to extinction risks for vulnerable species.

Human activities, such as pollution and deforestation, impact air quality, water quality, and soil health, all of which are vital for ecosystem services like clean water and food production.

Transcripts

the biosphere has three main components

the first component is the atmosphere

where gases surrounding the Earth are

mostly found like carbon dioxide oxygen

and nitrogen It also grants protection

from harmful solar radiation the second

component is the the hydrosphere where

it includes all different bodies of

water and also supports marine life and

other land species the final the final

component is the litosphere also the

earth crust where rock soil and minerals

are found and it's also home to many

teral

species Let's talk about biodiversity

biodiversity refers to the different

kinds of life you find on one area for

example is the variety of animals plants

fungi and even microorganisms like

bacteria that makes up our natural world

it is essential for the processes that

supports life on earth including humans

in fact there are three kinds of

Biodiversity it contains the genetic

diversity species diversity and

ecosystem diversity genetic diversity

refers and focuses more on the genetic

variation and traits of species it is

important for the population to have the

ability to adapt to the changes within

their

environment one example of this

diversity is a different breeds of a dog

such as shitsu pug and Pit put meanwhile

species diversity refers to the number

variability and abundance of species in

one particular area one example of this

is the australia's create barrier rip it

is home to the different kinds of

aquatic species present in the

area lastly the ecosystem diversity it

refers to the variety of habitats youl

find in one specific location it is

important to have the diversity and

ecosystem so that each plant and animals

would have their own habitats in the

background it Talks about a location on

Earth that has a high biodiversity when

you say High biodiversity it Talks about

the diversity or variety of plants

animals individuals and ecosystem

in that location when the biodiversity

is high individuals species and

environments there is more chance of

getting a higher

stability moving on to our next part of

the lesson we have the

ecosystem the ecosystem is the Complex

of living organisms their physical

environment and other interrelationships

in a particular unit of

space an ecosystem is a Geographic area

where plants animals and other organisms

as well as wea landscapes work together

to perform a bubble of

light an ecosystem the organisms occupy

What are called niches a niche includes

the physical space in which they live

how they use the resources that are in

that space and how they interact with

each other

the interaction among organisms within

or between overlapping Nes can be

characterized into five types of

relationships first we have depredation

second competition three commensalism

for parasitism and lastly

mutualism predation is when one organism

eats another organism to obtain nutrient

nutrients the organism that is eaten is

called the pry an example is when cuts

it m

rats second is

competition competition is when

individuals populations compete for the

same resources and occur within or

between species when

organisms compete for a Resource such as

food or building materials it is called

consumptive or exploitative

competition when they compete for

territory it is called interference

competition when they compete for new

territory by arriving there first it is

called preemptive competition an example

is lions and hyenas that compete for

pray third relationship is commensalism

commensalism is a relationship in Which

one organism benefits while the other is

neither harmed nor

benefited an example of that

is when Barnacles stick into whales the

whale gets no benefit meanwhile the

Barnacles get a new way of mobility and

a way to avoid predators and they are

now introduced to a new to an more

diverse feeding opportunities

parasitism in Which one organism

benefits in the other is harm but not

always killed the organism that benefits

is called the parasite The One That is

harmed is called the host parasitism is

different from

parasitoid which is when the host is

always killed such as when one organism

lays eggs inside the

host later eaten by the hatch

parasites can be ectoparasites such as

ticks flees and

lees that live on the surface of the

host parasites can be also endoparasites

such as intestinal worms that live

inside the

host defensive mutualism It is one when

one organism provides protection from

from from predators while the other

provides food or Shelter an example

is when an example is ants and

IDs third and lastly the third one is

dispersive

mutualism it is when one species

receives food in return for transporting

the pollen of other organism which

occurs between Bees and

flowers and our last relationship is

mutualism mm is a relationship In which

both species benefit mutualistic

interaction pattern occurs in three

forms First The obligate mutualism it is

when one species cannot survive without

the

other second is the diffusive

mutualism it is when one organism can

live with one or more organism than

their partner Third is ulta

mutualism it is when one species can

survive on its own under certain

conditions on top of this mutual cystic

relationships there are

three general

purposes first is trophic

mutual it is exemplified in which

consist of fungi and either LJ or cob

bacteria the fungi part

provid provides sugar from

photosynthesis and the Fi provide

nutrients from digesting

rock the next topic that I will discuss

is all about earth's biome earth's biome

comprises of five main types which is

the aquatic grassland forest desert and

tundra first Let's start in the aquatic

bi aquatic biomes are the living and the

nonliving entities of water Bodies

constituting diverse

ecosystems aquatic biomes are divided

into marine and fresh

Water based on salt content marine

biomes are further divided into color

reefs Seas and

Oceans and estuaries biomes fresh water

volum biomes are lakes and Ponds rivers

and streams and wetland Biomes

fresh water region have low salt content

while the marine marine region has

higher salinity

content next is the grassland bay

grasslands are open areas of grass with

low rainfall wildfires and grazing by

animals that maintain their

ecosystem also grassland is located in

the subtopic continent the temperature

in the subcontinent

subtopic continent

is very very hot and l very little

chance of having a

rainfall types of grassland include

savannas and temperature and temperate

grasslands this type of

grassland typically lives because of the

hot temperature of that of

that next is the forest B forest are

where large number of trees and several

types of land organisms are

found forests are vital for life on

earth home to around 80% of all land

species and plays a role in oxygen

production because of the trees that

produces oxygen Carbon reduction The

Trees absorb and absorb Carbon then in

exchange for oxygen blood prevention

that Trees undergo by osmosis and

Climate regulation next is the desert

biome desert biomes are the driest

receiving only 10% of the rain as as a

Rainforest plants in this regions need

adaptations to compensate for the lack

of

water such as storing water in their

stems or having large root

system they need adaptations because

because of the

desert temperature being the

out of all the main out of all the five

main types of biomes lastly the tundra

the tundra is the cest

biome out of all the five main types of

biomes being mentioned located just

below the arctic ice caps and extending

across North America Europe and Asia it

acts as a Carbon sink Carbon Z attracts

more Carbon than it usually produces

large amount of carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere to

photosynthesis the tundra is wet due to

slow water evaporation and it has a

layer of permanently Frost ground called

permafrost

the biosphere temperature living

organism comprising

earths biosphere affects

earths climate change system they can

change the chemical make up the atmos SP

by for example absorbing carbon dioxide

through

photosynthesis as by plants and alga do

and by adding chemicals to the

atmosphere from pollution as humans do

the climate change is one topic that can

explain biosphere climate change also

alters The Life Cycles of plants and

animals for example as temperature get

warmer many plants are are starting to

grow and Bloom

earlier like in the spring and survive

longer Into The Fall some animals are

waking from hibernation sooners or

migrating at different times to climate

change is highly relevant to the

biosphere because it is

significantly impact ecosystem and

biodiversity rising temperature changing

precipitation patterns and extreme

weather events

like alter habitats affecting species

survivals and Reproductive cycles in

addition climate change can affect food

chain leading to have a Lost habitat and

has High percentage the ris of

Extinction for vulnerable species It

also affects ecosystem services that

humans rely on such as Clean water

pollination so next is water quality

there are kinds of water like clean

water and contaminated water

um the Clean water helps us for our

health agriculture and

environment while contaminated

water can cause illness and harm our

ecosystem and lastly soil it affects the

plant growth food production and water

pulverization healthy soil supports

ecosystem and agriculture while poor

poor soil um po

soil can lead to erosion and decreased

crop yields That's all next is humidity

This is the moisture level in the air

affecting plant water use and animal

hydration High humidity is common in

tropical and subtropical regions while

deserts experience low humidity this

affects transpiration in animals and

water Loss in Animals the last one is

air quality urban industrial areas tend

to have worse air quality compared to

rural areas due to emissions from

factories vehicles and other human

activity air quality affects the

Respiratory health in animals and

photosynthesis in

plants a picture Earth as a giant w with

a thin life sustaining layers of the b

this layer is like our protective skin

providing Us with everything we need to

from food to

Air many people rely on the biosphere

for basic needs including food medicine

construction materials and

fels all forms of life depend on the

resources to sustain their life which

include food water land and shelter

compressing both living and nonliving

elements the biosphere resources are

essential for our existence but they are

finit and require preservation for the

wellbeing of

life Our next topic in the biosphere is

the human population in Human biology

the whole number of inhabitants

occupying in an area such as a country

or the world and continually being

modified by increases such as births and

immigrations and losses such as death

and

immigrations as with any biological

population the size of a human

population is limited by the supply of

food the effect of diseases and other

environmental

factors human populations are further

affected by social customs governing

reproduction and by the technological

developments especially in medicine and

public health that have reduced

mortality and extended the lifespan in

short a human population refers to the

total number of people living in a

specific area such as a country or a

City the population size in a continent

or a country is always changing due to

immigration and

immigration while the population size in

the whole world is also changing because

of births and death

the population is also influenced by

environmental factors like food supply

diseases social customs as well as

technological advancement in medicine

and public health that have increased

life

expectancy now I want you to imagine a

City are born than that then the

population will increase but if a

country has a shortage of food the

may the population mayc due to

malnutrition and

starvation the importance of biosphere

the biosphere provides the ecosystem

that is needed for survival adaptation

to the biosphere Climate is expected to

for living organisms biodiversity and

the biosphere is a reliable source of

food on Earth Biodiversity is just what

it sounds

like biological

variety safe areas for the protection of

plants and animals are known as

biosphere

reserves It also helps it restores the

tribals traditional w of Life in the in

the

region they

protect they protect

the regions Biodiversity

the biosphere is the

ecological

organization's highest

level it covers all types of of life as

well as as any bio on the earth the

biosphere functions as the planet's life

support system assisting in the control

of atmospheric

composition soil health and the h

hydrological water

cycle a indicator of a biom biomes

contribution to the earth the biosphere

is a narrow zone on the surface of the

Earth where soil water and air

air combine to sustain the life can only

occur in this

zone the organic matter produced in the

spar is essential for supporting life on

earth as it provides energy

and the organic the organic matter

produced in the biosphere essential for

supporting life on earth it provides

energy and

nutrients for various organism from

microscopes

mes to

hum the organic matter provides the

organic matter provides organic matter

produc in the biosphere essential for

supporting life on earth as it provides

energy and nutrients for various

organism for microbes to humans