Why is Plant ID important? An example of using a Dichotomous Key.

Summary

يستكشف هذا الفيديو أهمية التفاصيل والملاحظة الدقيقة في تحديد هوية النباتات، موضحاً أن النظرة السطحية ليست كافية. يُظهر المدرب من خلال مقارنة بين نباتين يبدوان متشابهين كيف أن الاختلافات الدقيقة في عدد البتلات، تركيبها، والأجزاء التناسلية تشير إلى اختلاف كبير في التصنيف العائلي للنباتات، مؤكداً على أهمية استخدام المفاتيح الثنائية للتمييز بين الأنواع. يُعقد المدرب مقارنة بين نبات ينتمي إلى عائلة البوراج وآخر ينتمي لعائلة الكرسفير، مبيناً كيف يمكن للمرء أن يستنتج عدم التقارب العائلي بينهما بناءً على ملاحظات دقيقة. الفيديو يُبرز أهمية الصبر والدقة في علم تحديد هوية النباتات.

Takeaways

• 🌿 التعرف على النباتات مهم لفهم التنوع البيئي وللتعرفة على النباتات المهمة للبيئة والزراعة.
• 🔍 الدقة في المراقبة والتعرف على التفاصيل هي المفتاح لتحديد الأنواع المختلفة من النباتات.
• 🌸 يجب النظر إلى عدد البتات وال泻 والعوامل التناسليين للنباتات لتحديد نوعها.
• 🏵️ التنوع في الألوان والأشكال قد يشير إلى الاختلافات بين الأنواع البيولوجية.
• 🌱 التعرف على النباتات ليس مجرد النظر بطريقة عامة، بل يتطلب الاهتمام بالتفاصيل والفهم الدقيق للهيكل.
• 🍃 الاستخدام من المفتاح ال二叉 هو طريقة فعالة للتعرف على الأنواع المختلفة من النباتات.
• 🌺 التعرف على الأنواع الغذائية والغير الغذائية من النباتات يساعد على الحفاظ على السلامة والاستخدام الصحيح للموارد الطبيعية.
• 🌿 التعرف على العائلة النبطية للنباتات يوفر معلومات عن الخصائص المشتركة والتأثيرات البيئية والطبية.
• 🌼 التعرف على النباتات يساعد على التعرف على النباتات المهمة للبيئة وللاستخدامات الزراعية والطبية.
• 🍂 التعرف على النباتات يتطلب الصبر والاهتمام بالتفاصيل لتحقيق الدقة في التعرف والاستخدام الصحيح للموارد الطبيعية.

Q & A

ماذا يحاول البعض من الطلاب في الفصل الدراسية للتعرف على النباتات؟

يحاول بعض الطلاب في الفصل الدراسية للتعرف على النباتات أن يتجاهلوا المصطلحات والتفاصيل ويعتمدون على التصور المباشر للتعرف على النباتات.

لماذا الدقة في المراقبة الطبيعة مهمة؟

الدقة في المراقبة الطبيعة مهمة لتحديد الأنواع المختلفة من النباتات والتعرف عليها بشكل صحيح، مما يساعد على الفصل بين الأنواع التي تشبه بعضها البعض بشكل وثيق.

ماذا يجب على الطلاب أن ينظروا إليها عند التعرف على النباتات؟

يجب على الطلاب أن ينظروا إلى البتالات، عدد البتالات، ما إذا كانت متحورة أم لا، والأجزاء الإنتاجية للنباتات.

ماذا يشير إلى عدد البتالات في البتالات؟

عدد البتالات في الزهرة يمكن أن يكون دليلًا على تصنيف النبات أو التمييز بين الأنواع المختلفة.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Plant Identification Techniques

This paragraph discusses the importance of detailed observation in plant identification. The speaker emphasizes that simply eyeballing plants is not sufficient for accurate identification. They explain that one must examine various aspects of a plant, such as the number and fusion of petals, and the reproductive parts. The speaker uses two plants as examples to illustrate the differences in their structures, highlighting how these differences indicate that they are not closely related. The paragraph concludes with a reminder that precise structure examination is crucial for identifying any biological organism.

05:04

🔍 Using a Dichotomous Key for Plant Identification

The speaker guides the audience through the process of using a dichotomous key to identify a plant. They start by determining whether the plant is a monocot or eudicot based on the netted leaf venation. The speaker then follows the key's prompts, considering characteristics such as the presence of fused petals, the number of stamens, and the symmetry of the perianth. By examining the plant's features and using the key, the speaker identifies the plant as a member of the mint family, lamiaceae. The paragraph emphasizes the value of practice and memorization in becoming proficient with the dichotomous key.

10:05

💐 Recognizing Bilateral Symmetry and Floral Structures

In this paragraph, the focus is on recognizing the symmetry of a flower and its various structures. The speaker describes how bilaterally symmetrical or zygomorphic flowers have two lips and distinct top and bottom parts. They explain the significance of identifying the number of simple or compound pistils, the presence of a tubular corolla, and the shape of the ovary. The speaker uses the example of the plant to deduce that it has a square ovary and a style that is usually square with fragrant trichomes. The paragraph concludes with the identification of the plant as belonging to the lamiaceae family, reinforcing the importance of understanding floral structures for accurate plant classification.

Keywords

💡Plant Identification

Plant Identification is the process of determining the species or type of a plant based on its physical characteristics. In the video, it is the main theme as the speaker discusses the importance of detailed observation and specific terminology in distinguishing between different plants, even those that appear similar at first glance.

💡Petal Count

Petal Count refers to the number of petals on a flower, which is a crucial characteristic in plant identification. The video highlights the importance of examining the petal count to differentiate between plant species, as it can indicate the family or genus to which a plant belongs.

💡Fused Petals

Fused Petals describe a condition where the petals of a flower are joined together, forming a tube-like structure or a single unit. This term is significant in the video as it helps distinguish between different plant families, with the speaker noting that fused petals are indicative of eudicots.

💡Reproductive Structures

Reproductive Structures are the parts of a plant responsible for reproduction, including the pistil and stamen. In the context of the video, understanding the differences in these structures is vital for accurate plant identification, as they can vary significantly between species and families.

💡Dichotomous Key

A Dichotomous Key is a tool used in biology to identify organisms, including plants, based on a series of choices between pairs of characteristics. In the video, the speaker refers to using a mental dichotomous key to narrow down the possible families or genera of the plants being examined.

💡Perfect and Imperfect Flowers

Perfect and Imperfect Flowers are terms used to describe flowers based on the presence of both male (stamens) and female (pistils) reproductive organs. A perfect flower has both types of organs, while an imperfect flower has only one or the other. This distinction is important in the video as it helps in the identification process and understanding of plant reproductive biology.

💡Bilateral Symmetry

Bilateral Symmetry, also known as zygomorphic symmetry, refers to a balanced shape that can be divided into two identical halves along a single plane. In the context of the video, the speaker uses this term to describe flowers that have two distinct sides or 'lips', which is a characteristic of certain plant families.

💡Compound Pistil

A Compound Pistil is a type of pistil that consists of multiple carpels or ovary parts fused together. This term is significant in the video as it helps differentiate between plant species and families based on the structure of their reproductive organs.

💡Mint Family (Lamiaceae)

The Mint Family, or Lamiaceae, is a large family of flowering plants that includes many well-known herbs such as mint, basil, and sage. In the video, the speaker concludes that one of the plants belongs to this family based on its characteristics, such as bilaterally symmetrical flowers and a compound pistil.

💡Toxicity

Toxicity refers to the harmful effects that certain plants can have on humans or animals when ingested. In the video, the concept of toxicity is mentioned to caution against consuming plants without proper identification, as some may be poisonous or cause illness.

💡Edibility

Edibility refers to the suitability of a plant for consumption by humans or animals. In the video, the speaker touches on the topic of edibility in relation to plant identification, noting that some plants are safe to eat while others may be toxic or bitter.

Highlights

Students often underestimate the importance of plant identification terminology.

Plant identification requires detail-oriented observation and not just a general 'eyeballing' of plants.

The number of petals and their fusion are key characteristics in plant identification.

Plants with similar appearances can belong to entirely different families, such as the example of Die-cut and Siberian Wallflower.

The reproductive structures of plants are crucial in determining their species and potential edibility.

Hoary Pu Khun, a member of the borage family, can be toxic and not suitable for consumption.

Plant identification involves a careful examination of the structure, including petals, reproductive parts, and leaf venation.

Using a dichotomous key is a fundamental method for plant identification, even when done mentally.

The process of identifying a plant involves a series of eliminations based on its characteristics.

Perfect and imperfect flowers are distinguished by the presence of both male and female parts.

The symmetry of a flower, whether radial or bilateral, is an important trait for classification.

The family to which a plant belongs can be deduced by examining its ovary structure and flower symmetry.

Lamiaceae, the mint family, can be identified by certain distinctive features such as square stems and tubular flowers.

Practice and memorization of the key characteristics help in streamlining the plant identification process.

The importance of precision in identifying biological organisms cannot be overstated for accurate classification.

Even with experience, there may be instances where a plant's identity is not immediately clear, requiring a return to the dichotomous key.

Transcripts

so one of the things that a lot of my

students try to do is they come into a

plant identification class and they say

you know what I don't need to know any

of these terminology I don't need to

know any of this stuff you just spent 20

minutes tell me that I don't need to

know that I can eyeball it so look at

two plants like this and they'll say yep

those pretty much the same thing

so this is where identification being

detail-oriented in your observation of

nature becomes super super important so

if we look here we look at this plant we

say hmm they're almost the same color

their leaves look pretty similar but

what did I teach you guys or at least if

you missed that part go back and watch

the crash course on plant identification

you have to look at the petals you have

to look at the number of petals you have

to look at whether they're fused you

have to look at the reproductive parts

so if we look carefully here we could

say okay if we look at each of these

flowers you see this one's got one two

three four so you look at this one one

two three four look at this one one two

three four one two three four notice I

didn't just look at one because

sometimes you get an oddball one mutated

flower that's weird so you want to look

at kind of an average to see one two

three four okay these are all pretty

much fours so if you've looked at a

dichotomous key or you've looked at any

of the plants you'll know that this is a

you die cut so we can say that much

about it because they're flower parts

are generally in fours and fives now if

we look over here at this plant we say

okay now how many piles we have one two

three four five ah that's very different

well that was one let's count another

one one two three four five mmm one two

three four five three four five so we've

got five petals over here and notice

this kind of has a deep kind of yellow

dark yellow it almost just looks like it

has a hole or it's over here there's

kind of this green dot in the center so

that's telling you that the reproductive

structures are different now this

doesn't have a super close up

picture but if I were able to grab onto

this plant I would actually and since I

know what it is

the petals are actually separate you can

actually pull the petals apart here

whereas if we look here we can actually

tell by the picture these petals are

actually fused together so this is

simplest this is a pipette Allah so this

is telling you if you're carefully

you're looking at the structure of these

two plants these two plants are probably

not closely related at all

so are these plants the same not even

close

so this guy over here this is some kind

of welfare probably Siberian Wallflower

and more importantly it's in a totally

different plant family so brassy kce

that is Nebraska or a curse crucifer

family so it's known for having cross

shaped petals so it's got four petals

kind of an across or an X shape so that

plant might possibly be edible maybe

because it's in this family there's a

lot of edible members are so some of

them are terribly bitter in the you

don't want to eat them whereas this guy

over here hoary poo Khun this is a

member of the borage family or the brand

AC and they usually have lots of toxins

in them and if you try to eat that it

would probably get taste very very bad

and maybe even get sick so the

difference between these two again comes

down to not just kind of an eyeball oh

yeah I kind of look similar you have to

go and look at the petals look at those

parts that I walked you guys through you

say that took 20 minutes yes it did but

if you want to be able to identify

plants you have to and really to be able

to identify any biological organism you

have to be able to go in and look at the

very precise structure count things and

be able to say okay this is this it's

not something else

okay so we have another plant I'm going

to try to use the key identify this

plant so here we've got again our first

choice is between monocot or eudicot and

really even if you're not using a key

and once

you start to do this on your own a lot

of what I do is really I have a mental

key and I say okay well I know it's this

and that means it can't be this so you

get kind of a mental dichotomous key so

what we have here it's a mostly net vein

so we can look the leaves see these are

very net veined you can look at the

flowers these flowers have fused petals

looks like we may have two and there's

probably two serves at least four or

five be my guess there may be three on

the bottom and two on the top it's hard

to tell because they are fused but we'll

say this is probably a mana excuse me a

dicot because of the netted leaf

venation so you say okay you die cuts

and magnoliids

so we're gonna go to six so what appears

to be a single flower is actually many

florets so we just looked at that we saw

the individual stamens in there so it's

definitely not that it's not the Aster

family flowers not as above flowers

imperfect plants monisha sword i you

should okay so we were looking at this

plant here trying to determine whether

it was perfect or imperfect

so remember perfect or imperfect that's

right here so number seven flowers

perfect get a thirteen or flowers

imperfect plants monisha sword aisha

swede go to eight so perfect your

imperfect is determined by whether you

have both male and female parts or not

so i already ripped him open and

basically they have stamens so the only

other question is do they also have

ovaries all right so the easy way to do

this is actually to look at the fruits

or look for fruits we've got five sepals

let's see that they're kind of

star-shaped this so that's another

indication that this is a eudicot but

right there we can actually see that

there's four little lobes right there

there's another one right there good see

just go there's four little dots on the

inside of that that's actually the

ovaries so that's telling us it's

definitely a perfect flower so we have

our key here so flower is perfect flower

is perfect we go to 13

so 13 is down here ovary superior

florist hypotenuse or prejudice they're

a little bit fused together but they're

attached below where the ovary is

they're not attached over the top of the

ovary so because they're not attached

over the top of the ovary that means the

ovary superior the ovary is basically

above everything else in that part of

the flower so high paja nests or

prejudice that would be 14 so again the

14 Ganesha of four to many simple

pistols epic harpists or Ganesha in a

simple or compound pistol now I know we

had those separate ones but one of the

things you can look for is actually

looking for the stigma and the style era

now right there that's the pistol or at

least that's the stigma and the style so

you can kind of see it looks like a

little mouth right there this one is a

little difficult because it really

wanted to hang out with the stamens and

didn't stick out very much we could say

okay so if there's one stigma that ovary

is compound even if it has lobes on the

bottom it's a compound over it's not

April Karpis an April Karpis Ganesha

it'll have separate stigmas and styles

so I only found one

so that means must be compound of free

okay so that means we're at Ganesha a

simple or compound pistol so this one

appears to be compound so we go to 18

flowers / genus period parts Siemens

arising for the rim of high pantheon

we didn't seem to see that we could pull

the the tubular Corolla out pretty

easily and the sepals were fused fused

calyx but it wasn't um was it anything

didn't seem to be a high Pantheon Flores

hypotenuse hi Pantheon absent so that

will take us to 1919 stamens 10 or fewer

I counted about five pulling those apart

so those are the stamens those little

kind of purple brown dots and the stigma

and the style are actually in there as

well I think there's something like five

but there's definitely not more than ten

okay so we can say stamens ten or fewer

we're gonna follow this lead that's

gonna take us to Stevens Center fewer is

gonna take us to 21 pay your perianth

radially symmetrical or you gotta go to

the other twenty one perianth

bilaterally symmetrical or zygomorphic

these have bilateral symmetry they have

this two lip

so basically top goes one way bottoms

the other top of the bottom or different

from each other the left and the right

are pretty much the same so that's

bilaterally symmetrical or zygomorphic

also sometimes called irregular so we

say okay that was twenty-one Granth

radially symmetrical we chose perience

bilaterally symmetrical or zygomorphic

so now we go to twenty-eight

so twenty-eight is so simple with

marginal Classen tation leaves Offin

compound fruit usually a legume or

leaves simple

so we don't have Italy the pistol is the

other way so these leaves are not

compound this is a simple leaf it's just

one leaf and then we didn't have

marginal presentations we had those four

funny-looking lobes so we're in the

leaves simple part so Corolla a pipette

less pleasant ation parietal curl a

Simplot petal s presentation exile so I

think we're in the pleasant ation a

style because it's definitely not a

propeller Corolla Ipoh meaning apart so

in addition to this being bilaterally

symmetrical it's also simple us because

it makes makes a tube so if you can see

there that flower is in a tube shape so

that's simplest so it's a simplest

flower okay or load ovary the style and

stirred it between the love stems

usually square with fragrant tri cones

lady AC or terminal style and unload

ovary stem is usually round so say okay

well we had those four funny-looking

things basically for our ovary so that's

kind of a dead giveaway so this looks

like a square stem to me it doesn't

really smell nice but not every member

it has that so everything says usually

these families are not always consistent

but we definitely had that for lubed

ovary going on

that means the answer that we have come

up with is lamiaceae so we know this is

a member of the mint family and again

that may have taken a lot of time and

you say that's kind of hard but

basically what happens is as you start

to use these you start to memorize the

key and the key essentially becomes part

of your knowledge so it becomes kind of

in your head but sometimes you'll run

across something and you say I really

don't know what that is and then you can

always go back to the key you know how

use it and you can get down to the

species or in this case the family that

you're looking for