martial law in pakistan/history marshal law in pakistan/مارشل لاء پاکستان

Basic knowledge

1 Sept 202103:14

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses the history of martial law in Pakistan, detailing four instances since 1947. It mentions key figures like General Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and General Zia-ul-Haq who imposed martial law. Each period's duration is highlighted, with the longest lasting 11 years under General Zia-ul-Haq. The script also covers the political context and the end of each martial law period.

Takeaways

🇵🇰 Pakistan has had a total of four martial law periods since its inception in 1947.
📅 The first martial law was imposed by President Iskander Mirza in 1958, which lasted until 1969.
👨‍✈️ General Ayub Khan was the first military ruler after the first martial law, serving from 1958 to 1969.
🔄 Martial law was imposed again in 1969 by General Yahya Khan, following the 1965 elections and dissatisfaction with General Ayub Khan's rule.
🔄 Martial law was declared for the third time by General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, after the death of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
🔄 The fourth martial law was imposed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999, which lasted until 2008.
🔄 Each martial law period varied in duration: the first lasted 11 years, the second 13 years, the third 11 years, and the fourth 9 years.
🌍 Martial law has had a significant impact on Pakistan's political landscape and governance.
👥 The script mentions key military figures who played a crucial role in the country's history during these periods.
⏳ The martial law periods were often followed by significant political and social changes in Pakistan.

Q & A

What is the term 'Marshal Law' referred to in the script?
-In the script, 'Marshal Law' refers to a state of emergency where the military takes control of the government, suspending normal civilian functions and imposing military rule.
How many times has Marshal Law been imposed in Pakistan since 1947?
-According to the script, Marshal Law has been imposed four times in Pakistan since its inception in 1947.
Who was the first person to impose Marshal Law in Pakistan?
-The first person to impose Marshal Law in Pakistan was Sardar Sikandar Mirza, who did so in October 1958.
What was the role of General Ayub Khan in the first Marshal Law in Pakistan?
-General Ayub Khan played a significant role in the first Marshal Law in Pakistan. He was made the Chief Martial Law Administrator by Sardar Sikandar Mirza, and later, when he realized there was a lack of support, he dismissed Mirza and declared himself as the President.
What happened to Marshal Law after the 1965 elections in Pakistan?
-After the 1965 elections, a movement started against General Ayub Khan, which eventually led to his resignation on March 25, 1969, and the end of the first Marshal Law.
Who was the second person to impose Marshal Law in Pakistan?
-The second person to impose Marshal Law in Pakistan was General Yahya Khan, who took control of the country on March 25, 1969.
How long did the second Marshal Law last in Pakistan?
-The second Marshal Law in Pakistan, imposed by General Yahya Khan, lasted until December 1971.
What significant event happened during the third Marshal Law in Pakistan?
-During the third Marshal Law, which was imposed by General Zia-ul-Haq in July 1977, a significant event was the execution of former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
How long did the third Marshal Law last in Pakistan?
-The third Marshal Law in Pakistan, under General Zia-ul-Haq, lasted for 11 years.
Who was the fourth person to impose Marshal Law in Pakistan, and when did this happen?
-The fourth person to impose Marshal Law in Pakistan was General Pervez Musharraf, who did so on October 12, 1999.
What was the duration of the fourth Marshal Law in Pakistan?
-The fourth Marshal Law in Pakistan, imposed by General Pervez Musharraf, lasted from 1999 to 2008.
What was the total duration of all Marshal Laws in Pakistan from 1947 to the time of the script?
-The total duration of all Marshal Laws in Pakistan from 1947 to the time of the script was 30 years, with the first and second Marshal Laws lasting 13 years each, the third lasting 11 years, and the fourth lasting 9 years.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Marshal Art in Pakistan

This paragraph discusses the concept of Marshal Art in Pakistan, which is a term used when a military official takes control of the country. It mentions that Pakistan has seen four instances of Marshal Art since its inception in 1947. The paragraph provides historical context, starting with the first Marshal Art by General Ayub Khan in 1958, followed by General Yahya Khan in 1969, General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, and finally General Pervez Musharraf in 1999. Each Marshal Art period is discussed in terms of its duration and the circumstances under which it occurred.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Marshal Law

Marshal Law, also known as Martial Law, is the imposition of military control over civilian functions of government, typically in response to a perceived threat or unrest. In the context of the video, it refers to the periods when the military took control of the government in Pakistan. The script mentions four instances of Martial Law in Pakistan, highlighting the impact on the country's political landscape.

💡Sadar Sikandar Mirza

Sadar Sikandar Mirza was the first President of Pakistan who declared Martial Law in the country. His declaration in October 1958 marked the beginning of the first Martial Law period in Pakistan, as mentioned in the script. This action is significant as it set a precedent for future military interventions in the country's politics.

💡General Ayub Khan

General Ayub Khan was a Pakistani military general who became the President of Pakistan after the first Martial Law declaration. He is mentioned in the script as the Commander-in-Chief who was made the Chief Martial Law Administrator by President Mirza. His tenure is a key part of the video's narrative on the history of Martial Law in Pakistan.

💡General Yahya Khan

General Yahya Khan is noted in the script as the military leader who took control of Pakistan in 1969, initiating the second Martial Law period. His rule was marked by the 1971 war with India and the subsequent secession of East Pakistan, which became Bangladesh. His leadership is a critical part of the discussion on military rule in Pakistan.

💡Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a Pakistani politician who served as the 4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan. The script refers to him as a key figure during the Martial Law period under General Yahya Khan. Bhutto's government was eventually overthrown, and he was executed, which is a significant event in Pakistan's political history.

💡General Zia-ul-Haq

General Zia-ul-Haq is highlighted in the script as the military leader who imposed the third Martial Law in Pakistan in 1977. His tenure was marked by strict Islamic laws and a shift in foreign policy, particularly towards the United States. His rule lasted for 11 years, which is the longest Martial Law period in Pakistan's history.

💡General Pervez Musharraf

General Pervez Musharraf is mentioned as the military leader who imposed the fourth Martial Law in Pakistan in 1999. His rule followed a coup against the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Musharraf's Martial Law period is discussed in the script as part of the ongoing narrative of military interventions in Pakistan.

💡Muhammad Nawaz Sharif

Muhammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan multiple times. In the script, he is mentioned in relation to General Musharraf's coup, which led to the imposition of the fourth Martial Law. His government's overthrow is an important event in the video's discussion of political instability in Pakistan.

💡Military Intervention

Military Intervention refers to the involvement of the military in politics, often leading to the suspension of the existing government. The script discusses several instances of military intervention in Pakistan, each time resulting in the imposition of Martial Law. This concept is central to understanding the political upheavals depicted in the video.

💡Political Instability

Political Instability is a recurring theme in the video, as it discusses the various periods of Martial Law in Pakistan. The script illustrates how each military intervention led to a period of uncertainty and change in the country's political landscape, affecting governance and civil liberties.

💡Constitutional Crisis

A Constitutional Crisis occurs when there is a significant problem or conflict in the operation of a country's constitution, often leading to a breakdown of the government's functioning. The script implies this concept by discussing the imposition of Martial Law, which often bypasses or suspends the constitution, leading to a crisis of governance in Pakistan.

Highlights

Pakistan has had martial law four times since 1947.

The first martial law was imposed by General Iskander Mirza in 1958.

General Ayub Khan was appointed as Chief Martial Law Administrator after Mirza.

Ayub Khan assumed the presidency and continued martial law until 1969.

After the 1965 general elections, a movement against General Ayub Khan began.

General Yahya Khan imposed the second martial law in Pakistan on March 25, 1969.

Yahya Khan's martial law lasted until December 1971.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto succeeded Yahya Khan as the third Chief Martial Law Administrator.

General Zia-ul-Haq imposed the third martial law on July 5, 1977.

Zia-ul-Haq's martial law lasted for 11 years.

General Zia-ul-Haq died in a plane crash in 1988, ending his martial law.

General Pervez Musharraf imposed the fourth martial law on October 12, 1999.

Musharraf's martial law lasted from 1999 to 2008.

Each martial law period in Pakistan had significant impacts on the country's governance.

The martial law periods varied in length, with the longest lasting 13 years.

The martial law periods were often followed by periods of political instability.

The imposition of martial law often led to the suspension of the constitution and civil liberties.

The martial law periods were marked by military control over the government.