LET REVIEWER GEC 112 WEEK 10: HISTORY OF TERRORISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

Summary

This video discusses the history of terrorism and insurgency in the Philippines, focusing on the emergence of groups like the CPP-NPA and Muslim separatist movements such as the MNLF and MILF. It delves into the cultural, religious, and political contexts that led to the rise of insurgency, including the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people. The video also outlines the Philippine government's efforts to counter these threats, exploring peace talks, military action, and ongoing challenges in addressing terrorism and insurgency in the country.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The Philippines is an archipelago of 717 islands, divided into three main groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
• 👥 It is the 12th most populous country in the world, with a population of 96 million, and is the fourth largest Catholic nation.
• 🕌 Muslims form a minority, approximately five percent of the population, mainly residing in the southern islands.
• 🏰 Historically, the Philippines was dominated by Spain and then the United States, which influenced the spread of Christianity and the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people.
• 🔥 The Moro people, primarily in Mindanao, have faced marginalization and have been at the center of insurgencies and claims for ancestral domains.
• 🛑 The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its military wing, the New People's Army (NPA), have been active since the 1960s, advocating for national democracy and socialism.
• 🏢 The Philippine government has faced challenges in addressing land issues, which have been a source of tension and conflict, particularly regarding agrarian reform.
• 🤝 Peace talks between the government and the NPA have been ongoing with limited success, and there have been attempts to resolve human rights issues.
• ⚖️ The government has been criticized for not distinguishing between legal and peaceful organizations and armed groups, leading to human rights abuses.
• 🔗 There are connections between various Muslim armed groups like the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which advocate for the independence of Mindanao.
• 🌐 Internationally, groups like Al-Qaeda have been linked to local extremist groups in the Philippines, raising concerns about terrorism and security.

Q & A

What are the key objectives of the mission report on terrorism in the Philippines?

The key objectives are to describe the emergence of insurgents and terrorism in the Philippines, associate their causes with cultural and religious aspects, and explore the Philippine government's initiatives to counter terrorism and address insurgency.

What historical events have influenced the cultural and religious divisions in the Philippines?

The Philippines was colonized by Spain from the 16th to the 19th century, which imposed Christianity on the population, while the Moro people in the southern islands (Mindanao) maintained their Islamic faith due to trade with Arabs. The USA also introduced a government system in the early 20th century, leading to the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people.

What are the two main Muslim insurgent groups in the Philippines, and how do they differ?

The two main Muslim insurgent groups are the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The MNLF was established to fight for an independent Moro nation, while the MILF broke away from the MNLF to pursue a more Islamic-focused agenda.

What is the relationship between the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and the New People’s Army (NPA)?

The CPP, founded by Jose Maria Sison, is a political revolutionary movement that advocates for national democracy through a two-stage revolution. The NPA is its guerrilla military wing, established to wage war against landlords and foreign companies, and is part of the CPP's broader political strategy.

How has the Philippine government labeled the CPP-NPA and its affiliated organizations?

The CPP-NPA has been labeled as a terrorist organization by the US government and the European Union. Although the Philippine government has not made a formal decision, it often treats the CPP-NPA as such, considering its members and some legal leftist organizations as enemies of the state.

What was the significance of the Jakarta Accord signed in 1996?

The Jakarta Accord brokered peace between the MNLF and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) in 1996. It granted autonomy to Muslim areas in Mindanao, leading to the establishment of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). However, some viewed this accord as a failure, including members of the MILF.

How has land ownership been a source of tension and conflict in the Philippines?

Land ownership is a contentious issue, especially in Mindanao, where rural land is a primary source of income for many. Agrarian reforms have faced resistance from landowners, leading to prolonged conflicts and contributing to insurgencies, as land rights are a major grievance among marginalized groups.

How do groups like the MNLF and MILF distance themselves from extremist groups like Abu Sayyaf?

Both the MNLF and MILF have publicly distanced themselves from extremist groups like Abu Sayyaf. They claim to be focused on political goals and peaceful negotiations, while Abu Sayyaf is involved in criminal activities and terrorism, often driven by profit rather than ideology.

What is the role of the Philippine military (AFP) in combating insurgency and terrorism?

The AFP plays a central role in combating insurgency and terrorism in the Philippines. It has targeted groups like the CPP-NPA, MNLF, MILF, and Abu Sayyaf, but its approach has been criticized for labeling legal leftist organizations as enemies of the state, which has led to human rights concerns.

What challenges does the Philippine government face in distinguishing between peaceful and armed groups?

The government struggles to differentiate between peaceful organizations that share similar ideologies with insurgent groups and armed groups that use violence. This difficulty in distinction often results in peaceful organizations being labeled as terrorist-affiliated, contributing to human rights violations and political suppression.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Overview of Terrorism History in the Philippines

The paragraph introduces the topic of terrorism in the Philippines, outlining the historical context and setting the objectives of the discussion. It covers the emergence of insurgents in the Philippines, exploring cultural and religious reasons behind it, and reviewing government counter-terrorism initiatives. The paragraph gives a geographical and demographic overview of the Philippines, highlighting its Christian-majority population, Muslim minority, and historical influences from Spain and the United States. It also touches on issues like land ownership and the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people.

05:02

⚔️ The CPP, NPA, and Insurgency Movements

This paragraph delves into the formation of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968 and its military wing, the New People's Army (NPA), which engages in armed conflict against the government. It discusses the guerrilla army's size, the terrorist labeling of CPP-NPA by the US and EU, and the peace efforts that have been ongoing for 21 years but are often stalled. The focus is on the role of these organizations in the insurgency, their ideological goals, and their interactions with the Philippine government.

10:04

⚖️ Legal and Illegal Organizations in the Insurgency

The discussion focuses on the overlap between legal organizations, political parties, and their alleged ties to insurgent groups like the CPP-NPA. It explores how legal leftist groups, such as peasants and labor organizations, are often linked to communist insurgents, leading to political arrests and charges. This paragraph highlights the controversial practice of labeling legal entities as enemies of the state and the use of media and propaganda to suppress these groups. It addresses human rights concerns related to the labeling and treatment of peaceful organizations.

15:05

🕌 Muslim Secessionist Movements and Peace Accords

The paragraph discusses the two main Muslim armed groups in the Philippines: the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). It outlines their goals for independence and the differences between them, particularly MILF’s more religiously rooted agenda. It also describes the Jakarta Accord signed between MNLF and the Philippine government, leading to the establishment of an autonomous region. Despite the agreement, the MNLF leader was later arrested. The paragraph highlights ongoing peace talks with MILF and their stance against terrorism.

20:08

🔫 Extremist Groups and Terrorism Links

This paragraph examines more recent extremist groups in the Philippines, particularly those with alleged links to Al-Qaeda. While some believe these groups are U.S.-created or fabricated, they are widely viewed as small criminal elements rather than ideologically driven movements. It mentions the Abu Sayyaf group and its designation as a terrorist organization by the U.S. and the Philippine government. The paragraph also covers how terrorist groups use local militants and converts to expand their influence into urban areas and the government's efforts to counter these groups.

Keywords

💡Terrorism

Terrorism refers to the use of violence or the threat of violence, especially against civilians, to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals. In the context of the video, terrorism in the Philippines is discussed as a significant issue, with various insurgent groups being highlighted. The script mentions different groups and their motives, illustrating how terrorism is intertwined with the country's historical, cultural, and religious aspects.

💡Insurgents

Insurgents are individuals or groups that rise in revolt against an established authority, often employing guerrilla warfare tactics. The video discusses the emergence of insurgents in the Philippines, linking their rise to historical colonization, political marginalization, and economic disparities. The script describes how these groups have evolved over time, reflecting the complex dynamics of conflict in the region.

💡Cultural Aspects

Cultural aspects refer to the customs, beliefs, and social behaviors that characterize a society. The video script explores how cultural factors have contributed to the rise of terrorism and insurgency in the Philippines. It mentions the historical imposition of Christianity by Spanish colonizers and the subsequent marginalization of Muslim and indigenous groups, which has fueled resentment and conflict.

💡Religious Aspects

Religious aspects pertain to the beliefs, practices, and worldviews associated with a particular faith. In the video, the religious aspect is crucial as it discusses the minority Muslim population in a predominantly Christian country. The script outlines how religious differences have been a source of tension and conflict, with groups like the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and Abu Sayyaf emerging from this religious divide.

💡Philippine Government Initiatives

These initiatives refer to the strategies and actions taken by the government to counter terrorism and address insurgency. The video script explores various government efforts, such as peace talks with insurgent groups, attempts at agrarian reform, and the establishment of special economic zones. These initiatives aim to address the root causes of conflict and promote stability, although the script notes that their effectiveness has been mixed.

💡Moro People

The Moro people, also known as Bangsamoro, are an ethnic group predominantly found in the southern Philippines, particularly in Mindanao. The video script discusses how the Moro people have been historically marginalized and how this has contributed to the rise of insurgent groups seeking autonomy or independence. The Moro people's struggle is tied to cultural, religious, and political factors, as highlighted in the script.

💡Land Issues

Land issues are a significant point of contention in the Philippines, particularly in rural and agricultural areas. The video script mentions how land ownership has been a source of conflict, with indigenous and Muslim groups feeling marginalized and dispossessed. The script discusses how land disputes have fueled tensions and contributed to the rise of insurgent movements.

💡Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)

The CPP is a political organization that has been involved in an armed struggle against the government since its establishment. The video script describes the CPP's ideology and its military wing, the New People's Army (NPA), which seeks to overthrow the government through a protracted people's war. The CPP is labeled as a terrorist organization by some countries and has been involved in peace talks with the government, as mentioned in the script.

💡National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP)

The NDFP is the political arm of the CPP and is involved in peace negotiations with the Philippine government. The video script discusses the NDFP's role in these talks, which have been ongoing for years with limited success. The NDFP represents the political aspirations of the CPP and is part of the broader discussion on insurgency and terrorism in the Philippines.

💡Abu Sayyaf

Abu Sayyaf is a militant group in the Philippines that has been linked to international terrorist networks, such as Al-Qaeda. The video script mentions Abu Sayyaf as an example of a group that has adopted extremist ideologies and is involved in kidnappings, bombings, and other acts of terrorism. The group's activities are a significant concern for the Philippine government and have led to military operations aimed at neutralizing the threat.

💡Peace Talks

Peace talks refer to the negotiations between the Philippine government and various insurgent groups aimed at resolving conflicts and achieving peace. The video script discusses the history of peace talks with groups like the CPP, NPA, and MILF. These talks are complex and have often stalled, reflecting the challenges in finding a peaceful resolution to deep-seated conflicts, as highlighted in the script.

Highlights

The Philippines has a complex history involving terrorism and insurgency.

The country is comprised of 717 islands with a diverse population of 96 million.

The Philippines is the fourth largest Catholic nation, with Muslims forming a minority of about five percent.

The Moro people, primarily Muslim, have a history of marginalization and resistance.

The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was established in 1968, advocating for national democracy.

The New People's Army (NPA), the armed wing of the CPP, has been active since 1969.

The CPP-NPA-NDF is considered a terrorist organization by the US and EU.

The government has attempted peace talks with the NPA, but these have stalled.

There are allegations of extrajudicial killings attributed to the CPP by the government.

The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) are key Muslim armed groups.

The MNLF sought an independent Moro nation through armed struggle.

The MILF broke away from the MNLF to emphasize Islamic roots and has a more moderate stance.

The MILF has been involved in peace negotiations with the government since 1997.

Abu Sayyaf is a notorious group with links to Al Qaeda, known for kidnappings and bombings.

The government's approach to terrorism has been criticized for conflating legal and peaceful groups with armed factions.

There are concerns about the impact of government policies on human rights and the potential for further radicalization.

The transcript highlights the complexity of the situation and the need for nuanced policy responses.

Transcripts

so hi everyone

um we are already in the

history of terrorism in the philippines

so it is an international

mission report

according here to the objectives we are

going to learn about

describing the emergence of insurgents

and terrorism in the philippines

associate their reason with cultural and

of course religious aspects

explore the various initiatives of the

philippine government to counter

terrorism and address insurgency

so first mona general context monaco

okay

so general context saudi philippines of

course

it is located in saudi saudis

the republic of the philippines

comprised of

717 islands

which are commonly divided in three

groups we have luzon visayas and

mindanao the capital cities of course

manila and lausanne is located in the

zone so philippines is the 12th most

populated in the world

with 96 million habitants

[Music]

almost more than 100 other it is also

the fourth largest catholic nation with

about 80 percent of christians whereas

muslims

form a minority

throughout the country approximately

five percent

so the rest of the population is made up

of mostly

the smaller christian denomination as

well as indigenous people part of our

enemies

so

before its independence in 1946 the

country was successfully dominated by

spanish in 16

to 19th century and by the united states

of america in 1898 and 1946

so before spanish criminalization

bhaglian far and inhabitants your

enemies

while part where muslims

as a result of trade with arabs

spanish realization imposed christianity

upon the country

and the muslims will hold moros

today bangsamoro or the moro people

are mainly settled in south southern

islands in mindanao mainly basilan sulu

tawitawi

and palawan

they were never colonized neither by

spain

nor by the usa

which introduced a system of government

that was criticized for leading to the

minerization and marginalization of the

morris and indigenous people in mindanao

so the ancestral domain of morris an

indigenous people was declared a public

land

this is an issue still bearing

consequences today the

indigenous people's claims and central

domains being still not recognized

so when independence was declared on

july 4 1946 the republic of the

philippines was established it comprised

lausanne visayas mindanao

so the more us reiterated

their objections but mindanao was

nevertheless incorporated under the

republic

from the independence onwards

muslim and indigenous people have been

complaining they are marginalized

politically and economically except for

a few rich families

the philippine counts

natural resources comprising oil timber

nickel

silver and gold in addition its soils is

rich and fertile or very clear but land

in europe has been still a controversial

issue across history

territorial philippines of course there

is also a controversy here

territory in orlando

in mindanao especially specifically

about how the population in rural and

agricultural is a primary and often only

source of income for rural people

whereas important land is on the power

for landlords and agrarian reform is

going and should end in 2008 but

concrete implementation is extremely

protracted because of land owners

resistance and this generates frequent

tensions

so that's agavan lupa and the camera

intention and the attention

probably had cost to

terrorism okay so

the

the philippines was established

in 1968 by jose maria son

a professor at the university of the

philippines cbp adopted a strategy based

on the struggle for national democracy

through a two-stage revolution

a protracted people were to be followed

by socialist revolution one year later

the npa was organized as the guerilla

military wing of the party to wage tour

to wage a peace and worker regulation

war

in the country against landlords and

foreign companies

cpp heads the national democratic plans

of the philippines or ndfp

which is the political democratic

democratic arm of cppa

it is estimated that the guerrilla army

of cb cpp

now consists

of about 10 000

persons

so cppnp has been labeled as terrorist

organic organizations by us government

and by the european union the eu council

the philippine government has not made a

formal decision pacifying

in pay as terrorist group but it often

considered it as such

cpp and pay or ndfv

sees itself as a as a broad political

revolutionary and liberation movement

and claims it does not attack civilian

targets and it adheres to international

law

okay so npre burlesque claim claimed

responsibility for as an assassination

of two congressmen in may 2001 whom it

considered as legitimate targets

so former cpp chair dolphosalas

acknowledged that in 1980s internal

purge of persons suspected to be

government and

army infiltrators within cpp resulted in

torture execution or about

1 800 cadres and civilians this pack is

still used by the government and by the

country and by the army to attribute the

responsibility of current judicial

killing to cpp

so there are these indeed peace

peace airports to the end

to end the armed conflict between

government the philippines and the npa

had been

ongoing for almost 21 years but stalled

in 2004

on june

okay on june 16 2006

president gloria macapagal arroyo

declared that all art war against npa

however on september 5 2007

she signed conditional to the respect

of certain idea an amnesty proclamation

to the executive only

after congress has approved it

so peace talks stall with one

substantive agreement as an achievement

though the comprehensive agreement

on respect of human rights and

international humanitarian laws

or car real

to overseas the implementation of this

agreement by both sides the parties have

joined appointed a joint monitoring

committee or gmc although it has

convened since 2004 and it has not

agreed upon common procedure it has

continued to register complaints

about human

about human violations or dangerous

amalgam between cpp and pay and

legalistics

lift this organizations

so a recent statement made by president

arroyo during a visit she paid to the

local peace and security assembled lpsa

of the vehicle region on december 13

2007 shows that the executive branch the

government does not allow distinguish

between groups promotion ideology in

peaceful way and group using arms and

daily and violence to promote the same

ideology indeed president arroyo thank

thank

lp for supporting her vision to

eradicate humanism in the country by

year 2010. mr president spoke about

communism as such and not only about

communist insurgency

so during during a meeting in um fed or

mission with the aap vice chief of staff

a dozen of high-ranking officers

at

general headquarters on august 16 2007

afv denied an implication in

extrajudicial killing so the senior

military prosecutor president

of the meeting told the theme mission

that groups such in pa email f and abu

sayyaf are clearly enemies of the state

and that ap is acting in the framework

of the law

so the senior military

later added that there are legal groups

supporting mba and they might left that

and that not all members of those legal

groups are considered enemies of the

state

so they believe that

so i think the fact that you have

engaged with people are also considered

as one of them however according to

these hierarchy officers

some prominent members of those groups

have been identified

on the basis of documents alleged

allegedly covered by afp as giving an

order to kill civilians unfortunately if

he did not provide

the faith mission with a written list of

names and did not inform it about

resulting judicial

proceedings moreover the same senior

military prosecutor third feed mission

the baby soldiers and officers can tell

and recommend to people

especially in zones where in pay is

active to avoid joining

legal groups

so let this lip base

organization announce are labeled as

enemies

of the state legal and peaceful

organizations like peasants or fishermen

organizations mass organizations or

political parties like bayan or anak

pawis are often allegated with cpp

which is an armed group

so in february 2006 arroyo declared

a week-long emergency response knowledge

because finances will be members of the

position including leftists but also

righteous and members of the military

at hundred

at least hundred of leftists were

belonging to legal and peaceful

organizations

or to armed ones who were arrested

charges in

largely groundless and politically

motivated

2005 a slight presentation entitled

know the enemy was reported made

available to the public

among others our

among others is listed legal print

organizations like party list groups

leads religious organizations women

organizations student associations

allegedly allied with cppmp so right now

there is this

connection somehow

despite official denial by ap it is

reported that many different

stakeholders that aed further

broadcasted on pb a similar propaganda

film in 2006. after the issue once in

the february state of emergency

definitely intended to discourage people

to belong

a list of legal

left organizations accusing the latter

of being too close to

so in parallel three books entitled the

trinity of war were also issued by aep

which also contained a list of

organization labeled as allied cpp

including peaceful and legal

political parties finally orders of

battle have reported been established

identifying several groups or people

belonging to a particular category such

as farmers youth

women or workers allegedly to be prones

of the communists

underground the order battle is elicit

enemies from according to the importance

according to philippine peasant

organization or

kmp

the documents that use the term kill but

say neutralize

general palparan has reportedly been the

leading military figure promoting these

guidelines

when asked about these previous

statements accusing organizations such

as bayan

or gabriela

that woman organization as front

organizational mpa general park neither

confirmed nur denied

denied having made such statements

the legal left-wing political party and

the powers also has reported been

labeled as front organizations

as chris pin cabell

the built-in member of house

representative elected on a pause

particularly says

election law

foresees that any political party

advocating for or engaged in the use of

arms should be dismissed

hence as long as no violence is found of

such acts all political parties

including so-called leftists

one should not suffer from any labeling

would it not be the case pressure would

be put on electors

so as to encourage them to support other

parties

this this practice of play billing is

extremely worrying why especially since

the majority of victims of human rights

ballet should belong to so-called

liberties organizations even if

even if they might share the same

ideology a clear distinction should be

drawn between peaceful legal parties and

organization on one hand and the armed

groups on the other hand

how about muslim session is

are in my left there are two main muslim

armed groups in the philippines which

were initially

forming one single movement or the moral

national liberation front eminent life

and moral islamic liberation front

my left which appeared later

both advocate for the dependence of

saudi islands of mindanao but milf

agenda is more rooted in islam

the moro national revelation panda mnlf

was organized in the late 16th early 70s

70s by normie sowari a former professor

of the united

up again up in uh minimal act was to

establish independent borrow nation

through an armed struggle

the armed group is mainly based on

mindanao it is also a political

organization in philippines accredited

by the organization of islamic

conference or oic

on on september to 1996 jakarta accord

brokered by oic between mnf and grp was

signed

this gabriel permanently muslim areas in

midnight a decree observed

role with establishment of

ermm normi suary became a regional

governor and many of the eminent lab

armed units were integrated into ap the

mlf leader was nevertheless later

arrested in 2001 and still under house

arrest today he is very popular in the

philippines but his attempt to

collaborate with grp was in as a mistake

by some including

mi

according to mn reported

so here's the picture

so according to in and reported still

counts more than two to twenty thousand

supporters just to summarize the

relations between civilian and eminent

left repairing support revised from

peasant he says you don't cut hands with

which speed you a tripartite

meeting was set on july 2007 between

male f grp advice in order to revise

1996 gerard at peace accord to say about

delay nurmi sawari said defend nation in

mn never attacked but only defended

itself and he insisted on brotherhood

with his friends indigenous and

christians even the lab is not listed as

a terrorist organization

so i think you are familiar with

missouri who is under house arrest in

the presence of spiritual leader

of nlf and under the surveillance of a

the more islamic liberation

broke away from an

mn of 1977

in order to put

more impossible islamic roots of

movement it used poverty land issues and

economic development in mindanao as a

result of criminalization of the

bangsamoro people by the philippine

government

so the mi was published by

that's we read it

who became its chairman before his death

on july 2003 issued a statement

denouncing terrorism

denouncing terrorism unit iterated mi

committed to achieve peace to the

political statement mi also claims to be

committed to make use of anti-personnel

and

land mines strictly for defensive

purposes and in discriminate manner

mi is nevertheless carrying its sins

as a war of self-determination spoke

person told the team mission and mi

neighbor initiated violence but

responded when it was attacked by

soldiers violating its territory

admitting that this might have caused

collateral damage he added

terrorism was not an issue but it was a

team

exploited by government like mn and mi

also acknowledged that lost commands and

lawless statements at landman's rather

taking refuge near theories

the territories

but disowned by their leadership by

responsible

for acts of violence mi is listed as a

terrorist organization by the us and the

philippine government but it continues

to be target of the anti-terrorism

campaign of the latter and having links

with qaeda and jimeislamia

or gi mi recognize recognizes having

been approached by the latter but denies

any collaboration with it am i said to

have about 12 000 to 12 500 members it

is mainly based on mindanao like mn

reported receives popular support

grp my left peace

negotiations started on january 1997 and

went back

and forth until now attacks allegedly

are perpetrated by emma against

civilians supposedly in jail hostile

attitude

of the government towards mi notably

explained that the process has been

slowed down

okay

groups appeared

more recently in the philippines and

reported have links with al qaeda

according mainly to information provided

by the u.s authorities depending on

inter-law

culture from the civil society fed has

told that they are a u.s product or even

do not exist the majority of the people

met by the question

agreed on the fact that they only

consist of few criminals led more by

profit than any ideology human rights

watch however listed a series of attacks

perpetrated

by those groups

so like mn and mlf they are mainly

located in southern islands in the

philippines north south

however both in an mi claims plane to

distance themselves from partnership

with these extremists and armed groups

individual jamas lamia or

are working increasingly with rasulullah

movement or rsm militant converts to

islam based in manila and northern luzon

who are a vehicle for more experienced

terrorist groups to move into the

country's urban heartland abu sayyaf

considered by the usa as terrorist

organization as well as

by ap which also listed arizona theories

organizations

we have here the sources

you can read it on your own

just click

that or type that and here are

here are the questions to under

analysis and watch you also watch this

video so here's the first question

what is the multiple intention

[Music]

of their attack for you search that

maybe it would come after exam

maybe do you think the attack will

satisfy the

cause or motive

how about the damages how about

the debts would it satisfy

how do you think should the government

respond to such a facts

okay so thank you for

this

topic i think we are listening