Culture and Cultural Values
Summary
TLDRThis video script from MOT 115 delves into the intricacies of trans-cultural communication, focusing on culture and cultural values. It defines culture as shared lifestyles, languages, and traditions passed down through generations. The lecture explores how cultural values shape worldviews, relationships, and expectations, especially concerning time. It contrasts American and Asian values, emphasizing individualism versus group orientation, and respect for authority versus resistance. The script also touches on subcultures, the adaptability of culture, and the influence of universal events like birth and death. It concludes with a discussion on various cultural groups within the U.S., their values, and the importance of understanding these differences for effective communication.
Takeaways
- 🌐 Culture encompasses the shared lifestyles, languages, behaviors, traditions, and beliefs that are learned and passed down through generations.
- 🕰 Cultural values influence a person's worldview, philosophy of life, relationship with the environment, religion, and time expectations.
- 👀 In the U.S., punctuality is valued, whereas in countries like Italy and Spain, a more flexible approach to time is accepted.
- 🤝 Understanding cultural norms is crucial for effective communication, especially in professional settings like healthcare.
- 🌱 Culture is adaptive and changes over time due to environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.
- 🌟 Immigrants must assimilate into new cultures by learning and internalizing the values and traditions of their host country.
- 🏡 Subcultures exist within larger cultures, each with distinct values and expectations, often based on factors like age, gender, or shared interests.
- 🔄 Cultural values function as a set of rules that guide interactions, problem-solving, sense of belonging, and identity.
- 🌍 Comparisons between American and Asian cultures highlight differences in individualism, attitudes towards authority, family structures, and respect for tradition.
- 🏆 American culture places a high value on competition and innovation, while Asian cultures emphasize group harmony and respect for the past.
- 👥 Other cultures, such as Hispanic, African-American, Native American, Amish, Filipino, Iranian, Irish, and Jewish, each have unique values and traditions that contribute to the diversity of the United States.
Q & A
What is the definition of culture according to the script?
-Culture is defined as the common lifestyles, languages, behavior patterns, traditions, and beliefs that are learned and passed from one generation to the next.
How does culture influence a person's worldview and expectations?
-Culture helps determine a person's worldview, philosophy of life, relationship to the environment, religion, and expectations about time.
What is the difference in the concept of being 'on time' between the United States and countries like Italy, Spain, and parts of Africa?
-In the United States, being on time often means showing up 10-15 minutes early, whereas in Italy, Spain, and parts of Africa, being on time is considered as arriving anytime within the agreed hour.
Why is it important to understand cultural differences when working with patients and clients?
-Understanding cultural differences is important to know what patients and clients are comfortable with and what they are uncomfortable with, allowing for more effective and respectful interactions.
How does culture adapt over time and what factors contribute to this adaptation?
-Culture is adaptive and changes over time due to environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.
What does the term 'subculture' mean and how can it form within a larger culture?
-Subcultures are smaller groups within a larger culture, each with its own values and expectations. They can form based on age, gender, religion, or shared activities, often emerging and being recognized from the outside before being acknowledged from within.
How does the script describe the difference between American and Asian cultural values regarding individualism and group orientation?
-Americans value individualism and independence, while Asians focus more on group orientation where the benefit of the group is more important than that of an individual.
What is the cultural expectation regarding eye contact in the United States versus some Asian countries?
-In the United States, making eye contact is expected when speaking with someone, but in some Asian countries, it is considered rude.
How does the script differentiate between American and Hispanic values in terms of family structure?
-Americans typically have smaller families, often nuclear or blended, while Hispanics tend to have larger family structures, including extended family members like second and third cousins.
What is the script's perspective on the importance of tradition versus innovation in American and Asian cultures?
-Americans value innovation and progress, often showing less concern for preserving older buildings, while Asians value tradition and are more reluctant to demolish older structures because they represent their heritage.
How does the script describe the cultural differences between Americans and African Americans in terms of focus on the present versus the future?
-White Americans tend to focus on the future, while African Americans, like Hispanics, tend to focus more on the present.
Outlines
🌐 Understanding Culture and Cultural Values
The first paragraph introduces the concept of culture and its significance in trans-cultural communication. Culture is defined as the shared lifestyles, languages, behaviors, traditions, and beliefs passed down through generations. It shapes a person's worldview, philosophy of life, and expectations about time. The script uses examples like the difference in time perception between the United States and countries like Italy or Spain, and the varying social norms around eye contact in the United States and some Asian countries. It also discusses how cultural values adapt over time due to factors like environmental changes, wars, migrations, and technology. The importance of understanding culture is emphasized for effective communication, especially in professional settings like healthcare.
🏥 Culture in Healthcare and Subcultures
Paragraph two delves into how cultural values influence healthcare practices and the existence of subcultures within larger cultural groups. It mentions that cultural values provide a set of rules, attitudes, beliefs, and decisions that guide interactions, problem-solving, and sense of belonging. The script highlights the importance of recognizing cultural differences in values, such as individualism versus group orientation, and the impact of these values on behaviors like punctuality and eye contact. It also touches on universal life events like birth and death, and how different cultures have specific rules for dealing with them. The concept of assimilation for immigrants is introduced, emphasizing the need to learn and internalize the values of the new culture.
🌏 Cultural Values Comparison: American vs. Asian
This paragraph compares American and Asian cultural values, highlighting differences in individualism, attitudes towards authority, family structures, innovation, respect for elders, and the focus on the future versus the past. It discusses how Americans value independence and innovation, while Asians place more emphasis on group orientation and tradition. The script also contrasts the American emphasis on youth culture with the Asian respect for elders, and the American focus on the future with the Asian reverence for the past. These comparisons aim to illustrate the diversity in cultural values and the importance of understanding these differences in a global context.
🏆 American and Hispanic Cultural Values
Paragraph four explores the cultural values of Americans and Hispanics, focusing on individualism, family dynamics, materialism, and attitudes towards competition and fate. It contrasts the American emphasis on individual achievement and material possessions with Hispanic values that prioritize family and community. The script also discusses how Americans are assertive and competitive, while Hispanics tend to be more resigned and accepting of fate, often due to religious beliefs. The cultural differences in the perception of time, the importance of the present moment, and the varying degrees of fatalism are also highlighted.
👨👩👧👦 African-American, Native American, and Amish Cultures
The fifth paragraph covers the cultural values of African-Americans, Native Americans, and the Amish. It emphasizes the importance of interdependence within African-American families, the present-focused and spiritual orientation of African-American culture, and the significant role of mothers in family dynamics. For Native Americans, the script discusses their focus on the present, extended family structures, and cooperative spirit. The Amish culture is characterized by its rejection of modern society, humility, and fatalistic approach to life, with a strong emphasis on family and community.
📚 Education and Cultural Values in Various Ethnic Groups
The final paragraph discusses the cultural values and emphasis on higher education in various ethnic groups, including Filipinos, Iranians, Irish, and Jewish people. It highlights how these groups view education as a means to social and economic advancement. The script also touches on the importance of family, respect for elders, and the influence of religion on cultural values. It contrasts the materialistic aspirations of Americans with the people-oriented values of Hispanics and the modesty and hospitality of Iranians. The Irish are described as having a strong work ethic and a fatalistic view of pain, influenced by their Catholic faith. Lastly, Jewish culture is characterized by its history of persecution, focus on education, community support, and the importance of humor and health.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Culture
💡Cultural Values
💡Worldview
💡Assimilation
💡Subcultures
💡Time Perception
💡Eye Contact
💡Adaptation
💡Group Orientation
💡Respect for Elders
💡Competition
Highlights
Definition of culture as common lifestyles, languages, behavior patterns, traditions, and beliefs.
Culture's influence on a person's worldview, philosophy of life, and relationship to the environment and religion.
Differences in time perception between the United States and countries like Italy, Spain, and parts of Africa.
Cultural norms regarding eye contact in communication, contrasting the United States and some Asian countries.
The importance of understanding cultural values to work effectively with patients and clients.
Cultural rules for universal events like birth, death, mating, illness, pain, and child-rearing.
Adaptation of culture over time due to environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.
The process of assimilation for immigrants into a new culture.
The significance of Thanksgiving in American culture and its contrast with other cultural traditions.
Existence of subcultures within every culture, each with its own values and expectations.
Factors that contribute to the formation of subcultures, such as age, gender, religion, and shared activities.
Functions of cultural values, including rules, attitudes, beliefs, and decisions that shape our interactions and identity.
Comparison of American and Asian cultural values, focusing on individualism, group orientation, and attitudes towards authority.
Cultural differences in family structures between Americans and Asians.
The value placed on innovation and tradition in American and Asian cultures, respectively.
Contrasting American and Asian attitudes towards youth and elders.
Hispanic cultural values emphasizing group emphasis and family importance over individualism.
African-American cultural values focusing on interdependence and spiritual orientation.
Native American cultural values highlighting family dynamics, cooperation, and harmony with nature.
Amish cultural values characterized by humility, fatalism, and a focus on community needs over individual desires.
Filipino cultural values prioritizing higher education, respect for elders, and the importance of saving face.
Iranian cultural values, including professional aspirations, respect for elders, and modesty.
Irish cultural values marked by a strong work ethic, humor, and a focus on family and higher education.
Jewish cultural values emphasizing education, community support, modesty, and maintaining good health.
Transcripts
hello welcome to mot 115 where we
discuss trans cultural communication
we're going to be looking specifically
today at culture and cultural values
chapter 2 in our textbook so what does
the word culture even mean we hear it
all the time but you know what is the
actual definition well that is the
common life styles languages behavior
patterns traditions and beliefs that are
learned and passed from one generation
to the next
so for example if you come from a family
that has very unique traditions for
example always putting your right shoe
on before your left shoe so that you
don't invite the devil into your house
those kind of traditions that are not
offensive but they're just a little
unique to your particular family or
group culture helps us determine a
person's worldview their philosophy of
life their relationship to the
environment their relationship to
religion their expectations about time
and in that regard for example in the
United States if you are on time they
often consider you late whereas they
expect you to show up 10-15 minutes
earlier in other countries such as Italy
and Spain and parts of Africa the idea
of being on time is anytime within that
hour that you agreed to meet so you know
we have a very rigid perspective of time
in the United States which is not
consistent around the globe how they
interact with others in the United
States we are expected to make eye
contact with whom we are speaking with
however in some Asian countries eye
contact is considered rude so again it's
important to understand culture so that
when we are working with our patients
and clients we have a general
understanding of what they're
comfortable with
what they're uncomfortable with then
there's also specific rules for dealing
with universal events such as birth
death mating ie having sex childbirth
illness pain and child rearing so in
some families they believe the child
should the baby shouldn't be picked up
unless it's absolutely necessary and in
other cultures they believe that holding
the baby for that first year is vitally
important and actually the research is
demonstrating that - that the more time
you hold an infant the more bonded you
are and also more importantly the more
socially calm the child stays culture is
adaptive it changes over time we can't
continue the same culture that we had
500 years ago it just wouldn't work it
is affected by environmental issues Wars
illnesses migrations and Technology when
an immigrant comes to a new culture they
must assimilate this means they must
learn and internalize the new cultures
important values so you know in the
United States when you think of our
values or our culture or our traditions
you know everything stops on
Thanksgiving we have to sit down with
our family and eat a giant meal and then
fall asleep on the couch before we get
up and do it all over again so you know
that is something that someone who comes
from another country may not be familiar
with and they don't necessarily
understand why Americans feel the need
to stuff themselves at the end of
November every year not that there's
anything wrong with that we all love
Turkey
unless you don't subcultures within
every culture are subcultures these are
smaller groups within the culture and
each culture has its own values and
expectations so you know subcultures can
be based on age gender religion it can
be based on a particular group of people
who come together to share in an
activity you know you have people who
like for example motorcycles the
motorcycle culture is very significant
there's other people who are in cultures
that they don't even realize they're
necessarily in a culture so when a group
of women get together to have wine or
whatever you know that's a subculture
within itself they're all maybe moms
they want to talk about their kids or
not talk about their kids and the point
to all of this is that when these
subcultures emerge it's usually viewed
from the outside before it's viewed from
the inside so again culture is the
occupation so teachers tend to have a
their own culture
doctors have their own culture
nationality and race age so you know you
don't see a lot of 22 year olds wanting
to hang out with sixty year olds I mean
yeah if it's your grandma sure but
usually you want to hang out with people
in your own peer group gender
socioeconomic factors you didn't really
don't see a lot of poor people hanging
out with a lot of rich people because
you can't keep up you know if your
friends are going yachting over the
weekend and you can afford a rowboat
it's not quite the same thing politics
obviously in today's political
environment there is a huge shift in how
we see each other people who love Donald
Trump people who hate Hillary Clinton
you know there's generally a philosophy
or a culture behind that and also sexual
or
if someone is a lesbian or a homosexual
they tend to hang out with other
homosexuals and lesbians in their social
time so functions of cultural values
include a set of rules attitudes beliefs
and decisions how we interact with
others actions solving problems our
sense of belonging and our identity all
of these come together in terms of our
culture and make us unique to that
particular culture if you know on one
side you're very religious and you
believe that by salt you can solve your
problems by prayer that's one cultural
expectation another culture might see it
is more of a let's face the problem
head-on not worry about God for now but
we're gonna work on it so people who
belong to different cultures but share
similar educational economic and
occupational backgrounds will likely
share similar values so if you have a
bachelor's or an associate's degree you
are a middle class or upper upper middle
class and you work in health care you're
probably going to have similar values
and probably agree about a lot of the
stuff that we anticipate people agreeing
on you know politics the perspective
about why they do their job things like
that so we're gonna look at some of
these value comparisons and these are
general these are based on the average
American or the average Asian in this
case it is not a specific person so
we're looking at the culture of
Americans the culture of Asians so
Americans they have their individualism
and independence you know that's how our
country was founded we're all about
being independent whereas Asians focus
more on a group orientation the benefit
of the
is way more important than a benefit of
an individual in America we like to
resist Authority we are gonna fight back
we're gonna go out we're gonna March
we're gonna donate money we're going to
post things on Facebook or Twitter and
we are going to feel good about that
because we are resisting Authority and
again that comes from our cultural
heritage of us telling the British to go
get stuffed back in the 1700s Asian
values they tend to submit to Authority
and again they live many of them have
lived most of their lives in
authoritarian countries where they
didn't have choices where they didn't
have a choice to resist Authority or
you'd end up in jail or just disappear
so this value system is again something
that comes from a historical basis in
the United States we have a lot of
blended families and nuclear families
that we believe are just our family so
mom dad stepsister brother a couple
aunts maybe but that's it whereas in
Asia you would have your second cousins
third cousins your great aunt everybody
shows up for these family events so you
know the more the merrier for Asian
families in the United States were more
like yeah there's got to be one or two
degrees from the main group and then
that's it in the United States we value
innovation invention new stuff whereas
in Asia they value tradition so in the
United States we don't really care about
knocking buildings down that are a
couple hundred years old as much as we
care about moving forward and progress
whereas in Asia they would be very
reluctant to knock down some of these
older buildings because they represent
where they came from there is the in the
United States an emphasis on youth and
youth culture you know you turn on the
TV and everything is geared towards
people 18 to 34
whereas in Asia there is a high level of
respect for elders and
are seen as the most important people in
society because they've been around so
long they have got to gain some wisdom
from the world then we have the focus on
the future Americans look towards
tomorrow Asians look towards the past
and respect what came before them and
again you know what we look at here is
that neither one of these are right or
wrong it's more about how our cultural
values have made us certain kinds of
people and depending on where we come
from it has a huge impact finally we
have competition for our American values
we love to compete we love to put it out
there Super Bowl Sunday is the
most-watched day of television
so clearly competition is super
important Asian values it's more about
conformity being part of that group and
we go back to that very first value of
group orientation conforming to the
group becoming one of many way more
important so we're gonna look at the
same concepts more or less with Hispanic
values and again remember this is an
average it's not to deal with every
unique individual so we have American
values individually and independence
then with Hispanics group emphasis
they're more focused again much like the
Asians on how the group is more
important than the individual same thing
with families you know they have extent
of family second cousins third cousins
fourth cousins my sister's ex-husbands
third cousin is coming to dinner kind of
thing then we have Americans tend to put
a high value on objects look at my car
it cost me $80,000 look at my house it
costs to half a million dollars we
become so or you know we find things
that are great value so appealing
because that is aspirational we've been
you know spent our whole lives in the
United States thinking happiness comes
in the shape of dollar signs of course
it does make life much easier if you can
pay your bills
whereas Hispanic Hispanic values show
that there's a high value placed on
people you know I would rather give up
my house than give up my family or this
person next door Americans are very
assertive and aggressive and that comes
from that competition Hispanics tend to
be resigned and accepting and this comes
in large part from religion where you
know the Hispanics tend to be Roman
Catholic and there is this feeling that
you know it's in God's hands it's God's
will
whereas a lot of Americans despite
claiming and religiosity are able to
separate religion and the values that
come with religion and instead take on
that more American perspective of
competition then we have
self-determination which is the idea
that we control our own destiny we make
things happen we pull ourselves up by
our bootstraps
whereas Hispanics believe things are
more fatalistic God has determined or
fate has determined what's going to
happen and we can't do much to change it
again we go back to this idea of you
know the dominant religion in Hispanic
world is Roman Catholic and there is a
certain level of fatalism that God is
going to decide whether or not you're
being punished or rewarded in terms of
the focus Americans focus on the future
Hispanics focus on the present they here
in the now how do we deal with the now
and again you know as we look at these
differences you'll see that these other
cultures may not necessarily you know
mesh as well as other cultures but that
really does tell us about how hard it is
to assimilate into an American culture
it's not your primary culture it should
lead you to a more empathetic
understanding of them so now we have
african-american or black values
depending on what country you live in
of course we have our individuality and
independence and african-americans tend
to be more focused on interdependence
especially within the family dynamic
they depend on one another it's a reason
why black fraternities and sororities in
the United States are so important in
terms of the social dynamics because
they haven't always been treated well by
the government or the mainstream culture
so they depend upon one another to help
them move forward white America we got a
daddy running the family whereas in
african-american families that's usually
the mother who runs the family white
Americans focus on the future
African Americans focus on the present
much like our Hispanic friends and white
Americans believe that personal mastery
of your own sense of being is the most
important whereas African Americans
believe that a spiritual orientation
being in touch with that sense that
there's something greater in the world
than yourself is much more important so
we also have Native Americans and
although we don't have a huge number of
Native Americans in Pennsylvania there
are quite a number of tribal
affiliations that most of us may or may
not be aware of especially in New Jersey
Maryland Delaware so it's still
definitely a possibility that it's going
to crop up when you are working in the
healthcare field so again American
individuality independence Native
Americans and Eskimos family dynamics
and depending upon one another Americans
like to accumulate for themselves
Native Americans accumulate to share
with others
Americans focus on the future Native
Americans focus on the present Americans
have their nuclear family
Native Americans see the family as
extended the second third cousins you
know the aunt once removed American
competition Native Americans cooperation
it's kind of how we took over the
country the white people because the
Indians were all about cooperating with
us and we thought that was foolishness
so we gave them blankets filled with
smallpox and you know really tried to
eliminate as many Native Americans in
this country as we could before as we
were taking it over if you ever want to
read or listen to a story about how the
United States took the land away from
the Native Americans there is a book
called Trail of Tears which will just
rip your heart out then we have mastery
over nature so the Americans we're gonna
chop down trees and we're gonna put down
concrete and we're going to build our
own dams all of that kind of stuff
whereas the Native Americans more accept
the reality of nature they embrace
nature they see it as part of their
existence so we also have some other
very significant cultures in the United
States that are very representative in
particular in the Pennsylvania area the
Amish and again if you don't come from
Pennsylvania you may never have even
heard of them much less seeing them but
for those of us who've driven around
Lancaster Pennsylvania the Amish are a
fairly common sight they are primarily
farmers or involved in some aspect of
agriculture they're focused exclusively
on their families they removed
themselves from modern society which is
why they don't use vehicles other than
horse and buggy
they don't use cars trucks any of those
things they don't use buttons they use
latches and
so they prefer to live in a sense as if
it was a hundred and fifty two hundred
years ago humility is vital as seen in
their dress and demeanor passive and
accepting of life so again fatalistic
and again the Amish come from an
Anabaptist perspective so you know they
are Christian denomination they focus on
the needs of others and conformity and
cooperation is paramount so much
different than your average American
then we have Filipinos which is a Asian
subculture they focus on higher
education as a means to getting ahead so
it's that joke about an Asian B or an
Asian F is just to be important to
integrate into the dominant society so
they're they're not insular they want to
assimilate as quickly as possible
they have great respect for their
parents or elders and avoiding shame or
saving face is very important so they
take a lot of personal pride in what
they do and how they appear to others
they accept pain and suffering as an
honorable condition so you know if their
child is misbehaving they see it that
they need to make more sacrifices in
order to help their child Iranians which
there's also a very large population in
California so you tend to see them on
the coasts Iranians often call
themselves Persians because Iranians are
generally disliked by Americans back in
the late 70s early 80s the Iranian and
Iranian rebels took the Americans and
Canadians hostage in Tehran and that
lasted over a year so you know a lot of
people haven't forgotten about that the
vast majority live in and around Los
Angeles and they generally choose
professional jobs or self-employment
they tend to avoid menial jobs you won't
see a lot of Persians
working as maids you see Persians
working owning their own stores
accountants lawyers so on most are
Muslim but some have embraced other
religions I Iranians tend to be Shiites
and that's a sect of Islam whereas the
vast majority of other Muslim faiths
tend to be Sunni and the difference
basically is who was the successor to
Muhammad who is the prophet who
developed Islam father is the head of
the household when the father is absent
the oldest son is in charge so clearly
we see women are not as independent as
the average American woman women are
expected to defer to men and again
another focus on higher education as a
means of getting ahead respect for very
savvy business people respect for elders
and they also bring a certain level of
modesty respectability hospitality and
politeness to any environment so you
know it's like they've gone out of their
way to be accepted in the United States
because you know 40 years ago they were
really disliked and when the revolution
occurred you know Western type Iranians
came to the United States to get away
from the religious persecution they felt
they would endure if they stayed in Iran
under the Ayatollah then we have our
Irish 20% of Americans trace an ancestor
Thailand including myself my mom came
over in the mid 1960s and promptly gave
birth to me so when we see the Irish you
know we generally recognize them by
their last name
we honor traditions very much so you
know having a shot of
at a Funeral is pretty much standard in
my house fatalistic which is why they
tend to ignore pain until it is
unbearable you know it's again Catholics
are Irish people tend to be Catholic and
it's that idea that God is is giving you
this pain for a reason so oh wait oh
wait
and then you you know then you have to
chop your leg off very strong work ethic
the Irish have always been very hard
workers because most of them have been
farmers most of their lives throughout
the generations they pride themselves on
their sense of humor you know the Irish
are very funny because they have dealt
with all kinds of terrible things
historically you know the British took
them over you go back you know a
thousand years the Vikings took them
over so you know it's kind of this idea
that you know if you don't laugh you're
you'll cry older Irish are very
religious again usually Roman Catholic
the younger Irish have kind of stepped
away from the church for a variety of
reasons very family-oriented respect for
the elderly and a focus on higher
education as a means to getting ahead
and again you know when we look at these
cultures what you see is a much higher
focus on higher education than your
average American finally we have Jewish
which is a large part of the population
in the Pennsylvania area near
Philadelphia New Jersey and Delaware
there are many different types of Jewish
people depending upon their religious
affiliation reform Orthodox and the
region of origin so for example
Ashkenazi Jews have come from Russia and
Poland they have a long history of
persecution so we have the Holocaust in
Germany the pogroms in Russia and
anti-semitism in the United States which
still occurs today focus on higher
education as a means to getting ahead
which again you know that's something
that the Jewish people are criticized
for often because they're seen as taking
over all the businesses and the fact of
the matter is they're not they're a very
small population in the United States
the more traditional the family is the
more male-dominated it is if you go into
a reformed Jewish household mom's in
charge but if you go into the Orthodox
or op or even higher levels of Orthodoxy
then the father is definitely dominating
it they tend to share the wealth with
others in their community and they have
a high respect for elders they tend to
be modest and humble and they pride
themselves on their sense of humor again
and it goes back to what I said about
Irish people so much bad stuff has
happened to the Jews that their
perspective is it's either laugh or cry
and they prefer to laugh and then focus
on maintaining good health you know one
of the great things you see down in
Florida are these elderly people who a
lot of them are Jewish who are out there
doing their walking every day and their
cool little sneakers because they've
been through so much as a culture that
they're not going to let anything stand
in their way so that finishes up for
today if you have any questions please
email or text message your instructor
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thank you and have a wonderful day
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