Global Interstate System and Global Governance

Summary

The lecture, led by Professor Mr. Kipantini Ramos, discusses the global interstate system and contemporary governance. Key learning objectives include understanding the effects of globalization, the roles of institutions in international relations, and the challenges of global governance in the 21st century. The professor explains the concept of nation-states, detailing the elements of a state: people, territory, government, and sovereignty. The role and structure of the United Nations are also examined, including its organs like the General Assembly, Security Council, and International Court of Justice. The session concludes with insights into global governance and its relevance to modern states.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The session discusses the global interstate system and contemporary governance.
• 🌐 The learning objectives include understanding globalization's effects, governance roles, and the challenges of global governance, particularly within the United Nations.
• 🏛️ A nation-state is a system where people with a common identity live within firm borders under one government, with the key elements being people, territory, government, and sovereignty.
• 👥 People are the most important element of a state as they maintain its operations and manage internal affairs.
• 🏞️ Territory includes land, water, and air within a state’s sovereignty and jurisdiction, governed by rules and authority.
• 🗳️ Government represents the state's agent, embodying the people's ideas, aspirations, and implementing laws and regulations.
• ⚖️ Sovereignty is divided into internal (management of internal affairs) and external (freedom from external control, international recognition).
• 🌍 Global governance is described as formal and informal arrangements that maintain order and collective action beyond individual states, involving coordination among state and non-state actors.
• 🇺🇳 The United Nations’ primary goals include maintaining peace, improving relations among nations, and addressing global challenges through various organs like the General Assembly, Security Council, and International Court of Justice.
• 🛡️ The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, while the General Assembly handles broader issues like UN budgeting and international cooperation.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the session described in the script?

The session focuses on the global interstate system and contemporary governance, with an emphasis on globalization, governance institutions, and challenges in the 21st century.

What are the learning objectives of the session?

The objectives include explaining the effects of globalization on governance, identifying roles of international institutions, rationalizing challenges in global governance, addressing the structure of the United Nations, and understanding the impact of globalization on the Philippines.

What is a nation-state, as defined in the script?

According to the script, a nation-state is a system of organization in which people with a common identity live inside a country with firm borders and a single government.

What are the four essential elements of a state?

The four elements of a state are people, territory, government, and sovereignty.

Why are people considered the most important element of a state?

People are considered the most important element because they are responsible for maintaining the operations of the state. Without people, the other elements cannot function properly.

What is the difference between internal and external sovereignty?

Internal sovereignty refers to the state's ability to manage its own internal affairs, while external sovereignty pertains to the state's freedom from external control and its recognition by the international community.

What is global governance, as described in the script?

Global governance is defined as informal and formal arrangements that produce a degree of order and collective action beyond individual states, in the absence of a global government.

What are the four basic purposes of the United Nations?

The four basic purposes of the United Nations are to maintain peace, develop friendly relations among nations, cooperate in solving international problems, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.

What are the main organs of the United Nations mentioned in the script?

The main organs of the United Nations mentioned are the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the Security Council, the Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat.

What is the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

The ICJ serves as the judicial organ of the United Nations and is responsible for settling disputes between member states and providing legal opinions on international issues.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Introduction to Global Interstate System and Governance

In this opening section, the speaker introduces the session on the global interstate system and contemporary governance. The learning objectives include explaining globalization's effects on governance, detailing institutions that manage international relations, and rationalizing global governance challenges. Additionally, the relevance of the state in globalization and the global university system's impact on the Philippines are highlighted.

05:02

📜 Defining Nation-State and its Elements

This paragraph defines a 'nation-state' based on Ruder (2007). A nation-state is a system where people with a common identity live within borders under one government. The distinction between 'nation' and 'state' is reviewed, covering key elements of a state: people, territory, government, and sovereignty. The importance of people in maintaining operations is emphasized, along with a discussion on the necessary population size for effective functioning.

10:03

🏞️ Exploring the Four Elements of a State

The four elements of a state—people, territory, government, and sovereignty—are examined in depth. People are highlighted as the most important element for sustaining operations. Territory includes land, water, and air where a state has sovereignty and jurisdiction. The government is responsible for embodying the people's ideas, while sovereignty refers to both internal and external authority, including freedom from external control.

15:03

🌍 Global Governance and the United Nations

This section introduces the concept of global governance, defined as formal and informal arrangements that bring order and coordination among states in the absence of a global government. The role of international cooperation through global governance is stressed, with the United Nations (UN) as the primary institution ensuring peace and collaboration. The four basic purposes of the UN, including maintaining peace, are briefly mentioned.

🏛️ Structure of the United Nations

The speaker lists the main bodies of the United Nations: General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice (ICJ), Trusteeship Council, Security Council, and Secretariat. The General Assembly handles the UN budget and membership assessments, while the ICJ settles disputes between members. The Security Council maintains peace and recommends appointments, and the Secretariat manages daily operations. The historical context of the Trusteeship Council's role is also mentioned.

⚖️ Functions of UN Bodies: General Assembly and Economic and Social Council

The General Assembly is responsible for approving the UN budget, electing non-permanent members of the Security Council, and making recommendations on international peace and cooperation. The Economic and Social Council focuses on economic, social, and environmental issues, providing policy reviews and recommendations. It also fosters relationships between the UN and other entities, contributing to global social and economic development.

⚖️ The International Court of Justice and the Security Council

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) settles disputes between member states and issues legal judgments, though enforcement is often challenging. The Security Council is tasked with maintaining international peace and security, as well as recommending the appointment of the Secretary General. These bodies play crucial roles in ensuring global governance and peace, despite the complexities of international relations.

🏢 The Secretariat and Conclusion of Global Governance Discussion

The Secretariat manages the day-to-day operations of the United Nations, ensuring the organization's activities run smoothly. The speaker concludes the session on the global interstate system and governance, thanking the audience for their participation and encouraging them to join future sessions.

Keywords

💡Globalization

Globalization refers to the process by which countries and cultures become more interconnected and interdependent through the exchange of goods, services, ideas, and governance practices. In the video, it is discussed in relation to how nations operate within the global interstate system and the impact it has on governance. Globalization also influences institutions like the United Nations and global governance structures, which attempt to address issues that transcend national borders.

💡Nation-State

A nation-state is defined as a political entity where a group of people with a common identity live within a defined territory and are governed by a single government. The video explains that the nation-state is composed of key elements such as people, territory, government, and sovereignty. It is foundational to understanding how countries are organized within the international system and how they engage with global governance institutions like the United Nations.

💡Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself or another state. It can be internal, where a state manages its own internal affairs, or external, where it is free from outside interference. In the context of the video, sovereignty is a crucial element in the functioning of a state, as it allows for independence in decision-making and governance. The concept is tied to both the autonomy of nation-states and their participation in global governance.

💡United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations. The video emphasizes the role of the UN in global governance, explaining its primary functions such as peacekeeping, fostering international cooperation, and addressing global challenges. The UN’s structure includes bodies like the General Assembly, Security Council, and the International Court of Justice, which facilitate coordination and conflict resolution among member states.

💡General Assembly

The General Assembly is one of the main organs of the United Nations where all member states are represented and can discuss and make decisions on a wide range of international issues. The video mentions that the General Assembly approves the UN budget, elects non-permanent members of the Security Council, and appoints the Secretary-General, making it central to the governance of the UN. It is a forum for cooperation and coordination among states.

💡Security Council

The Security Council is a key organ of the United Nations responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The video highlights its role in recommending the appointment of the Secretary-General and addressing global security issues. The Security Council has the authority to impose sanctions or authorize the use of force in situations where international peace is threatened, making it a critical player in global governance and conflict resolution.

💡International Court of Justice (ICJ)

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the judicial branch of the United Nations, responsible for settling legal disputes between countries and offering advisory opinions on international legal issues. The video explains that the ICJ helps resolve disputes between UN member states, playing an important role in maintaining international order. Its rulings, while respected, may be reinforced by sanctions or pressure from other states if not followed.

💡Global Governance

Global governance refers to the system of rule-making and coordination that guides international relations in the absence of a single global government. The video describes global governance as informal and formal arrangements that allow countries to work together to manage global challenges like peace, security, and economic stability. Institutions like the United Nations are key players in global governance, helping to mediate and organize collective international action.

💡Sovereignty (Internal and External)

Internal sovereignty refers to the ability of a state to manage its own internal affairs without outside interference, while external sovereignty refers to its freedom from external control. The video breaks down these two forms, illustrating how both types are essential for a nation-state's ability to function independently within the global interstate system. External sovereignty also ties into international recognition, making it key for participation in global governance.

💡Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council is another major organ of the United Nations, responsible for coordinating policies related to economic, social, and environmental issues. The video explains that it engages with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and various UN agencies to review and recommend policies on global issues like poverty, development, and climate change. It plays a key role in promoting sustainable development and fostering international collaboration in these areas.

Highlights

Introduction to the subject of Contemporary World and session on global interstate system and governance.

Explanation of the learning objectives, including the effects of globalization and governance, the role of international institutions, and the challenges of global governance.

Definition of a nation-state, emphasizing the distinction between a 'state' and a 'nation' with examples.

Review of the four elements of a state: people, territory, government, and sovereignty.

Discussion of the importance of people as the most essential element of a state since they maintain its operations.

Definition of a state’s territory, including land, water, and airspace, and the concept of jurisdiction.

Clarification on the role of government as the agent of the state and its responsibility to embody the ideas and aspirations of its people.

Explanation of internal and external sovereignty, including freedom from external control and the importance of international recognition.

Introduction to the concept of global governance, which involves both formal and informal arrangements for collective action among states.

Description of the United Nations as a key player in global governance, with four main purposes: maintaining peace, fostering cooperation, solving international problems, and promoting human rights.

Overview of the structure of the United Nations, including the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, and the Security Council.

Details on the functions of the General Assembly, including budgeting, electing non-permanent members, and recommending cooperation in peace and security.

The role of the Economic and Social Council in coordinating policies related to economic, social, and environmental issues.

Explanation of the International Court of Justice’s role in settling disputes between member states.

Final summary on the importance of global governance and the role of the United Nations in maintaining order and peace on an international scale.

Transcripts

hello everyone and welcome back to your

the Contemporary World subject be still

your professor Mr kipant and a ramas and

pretty session we'll be talking about

the global interstate system and the

Contemporary governance

okay so the learning objectives for this

session will be after the lesson you're

expected to explain the effects of

globalization and governance identify

and give details on the roles of the

institutions that govern international

relations rationalize the challenges of

global governance in the 21st century

primarily possible solutions to the

problems in the structure and dynamics

of the United Nations substantiate the

relevance of the state and globalization

and of course articulate the personal

stance on global University system and

understand its impact to the Philippines

yeah

okay as we go along this session it is

important for us to Define what our

nation states so that we will be able to

know

United Nations

okay so first let's Define mission state

so according to Ruder in 2007 emission

state is a system of organization in

which people with a common identity live

inside the country with firm borders and

a single government always remember that

if we're talking about the initial State

the two fundamental parts of it will be

the state and nation and I'm quite sure

as you watch this video you already have

a background about the difference

between State and Nation as discussed no

in your understanding culture society

and politics during your senior high

school dates but let's go ahead and have

a review on the difference between the

two so let's talk about affairs with the

steps so State these are all the rules

and lost in the government officials and

their titles the physical boundaries and

those who Define them passes those

things okay so it's also important to

remember that if you're talking about

State there are four elements of it so

that would be people's territory

government and sovereignty so now uh

let's go ahead and take a look also into

this element so if we're talking about

people these are the inhabitants of your

country

they are occupying those species

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so that they will also be able to manage

their Affairs and also their daily lives

so remember that of all the four

elements the most important element is

the people why because they are the ones

who will maintain your operations

so without the people of course the

other elements will not be able to to

function well okay so again that's

people and there's also been said that

these people are more or less known

middle so uh when you see more or less

numeral scale and those sufficient

enough that they will be able to sustain

the operations that I'm talking about

canina okay so that's your people next

will be the territory territory will be

ease of land water or even in the air in

which

rules and regulations and even their

Authority so simply put they have

sovereignty and jurisdiction within

these areas okay third will be your

government the government is the agent

the state

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Filipinas

the government is expected that they

will be embodying the ideas and

aspirations of its people okay that's

why there will be rules and regulations

that are to be implemented by this

institution okay so that's their

government next will be your sovereignty

so sovereignty on the other hand talks

about your Authority no and this can

actually be discussed into two forms so

you wanna form the idea internal

sovereignty in which the people or those

who are part of each take a certain

state will be able to manage their

internal affairs

on the other hand if we're talking about

the external external sovereignty this

pertains to the freedom from external

control

commonly it's also a part of the

external sovereignty and Tata with my

International recognition

indeed and that is your speed also

remember that if we're talking about

state state is the legal or legal or

political Affairs of a country okay

Disney also another pertain to such

situations where it involves assume laws

and authority

and since we're talking about legalities

here it is important that the four

elements namely people territory

government and sovereignty are present

so that you will be able to tag a

certain country assisted okay on the

other hand if you're talking about your

nation nation is our emission is being

bind or Bound by Common Traditions

customs and even ethnicities

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and that is

a nation speed so a quick trivia the

most the smallest state in the world is

called as the Vatican okay which is

being headed by their head of government

and head of state which is the pope of

the Catholic Church as of the moment

that is spoken access okay so uh there

no if you will if you will search about

the Vatican uh surprisingly

so

that is years

so if we continue no uh since

Collective efforts so that we will be

able to maintain Anonymous

for our I don't know for our country and

that's the reason

such concept which we call as the global

governance because as of the moment

Global government no so with that being

said in global governance in the Galaxy

simply because

and with that if we're talking about

global governance this is being defined

as informal and informal Arrangement

that will produce a degree of order and

Collective action above the state in the

absence of a global government so simply

put if we're talking about global

governance we are talking about the

agreements of this different countries

and thank God everyone you know if uh it

will be done we will be using the

definition of upward and recent 2015.

you can notice that uh Global governance

involve coordination law among State and

non-state platforms

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so that will be

partner of course

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of course there will be there there will

be specs

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is what we call as the United Nations so

United Nations has four basic purposes

number one is to keep peace so that is

foreign

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where Nations work together so that we

will be able to achieve those goals okay

so if we will be looking to the

structure of United Nations so these are

the following the general assembly the

economic and social Council the

international court of justice the

translation Council the security Council

and the Secretariat so take note that uh

starting in 1994 young transaction

Council I actually I understand now so

before

is uh

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so let's go ahead and take a look into

these different programs now let's

discuss your general assembly so that's

been said that it considers and approved

the United Nations budget and setting

membership Financial assessments

United Nations okay so they are also

responsible for electing non-permanent

members of the security council members

of other U and Council as well as

appointing the Secretary General with of

course the recommendation of the

security Council and in terms of

recommendations most especially in

Illinois International cooperation so

that we will be able to maintain our

peace and security and even order

recommendations for foreign

[Music]

if we are dealing with International

Peace and security and of course making

recommendations unless the spirit

council is already discussing the issue

also part of it as well as comparing on

any issue that is within the scope of

United Nations Charter and make more

recommendations

they are also responsible for conducting

studies and making recommendations

related to issues of international law

human rights and international

cooperation relating to economic social

unitary and cultural and even

educational and health Fields they also

provide another recommendation so that

my eyes

of course they will be deliberating on

reports submitted by the other United

Nations yeah okay so the general

assembly did nothing in part no number

provided foreign

for different numbers okay so another

organ will be the economic and social

Council so if we're talking about the

economic and social Council this focuses

on economic social and environmental

issues and this engages in the

coordination and policy review as well

as recommendations on the issues that

has been mentioned above and also again

relationships

will fall under our economic and social

Council so it is

okay so let's continue with icg or the

international court of justice so take

note that International court of justice

or the ICT is the judicial organ of the

United Nations

United States of America and also the

court settles disputes between members

so take note everyone

of course

you are correct

however no um

have economic sanctions coming from

different animals from different states

and

[Music]

so that's your icg of course we have the

security Council so they are in charge

of maintaining International Peace and

security and they are also the ones who

recommend the appointment of the

Secretary General and possible

United Nations

so that they will be able to maintain

so that is your Security Council and

lastly the Secretariat which manages the

day-to-day operation the United Nations

and take note they are providing

services

[Music]

and that is the end of our discussion

about the global interstate system and

contemporary governance and let me just

also grab the opportunity to thank

everyone for attending our session and

we hope to see you all on our succeeding

ones again this is your professor Mr

capantini Ramos and we'll see each other

on our succeeding sessions