Learn ANYTHING quickly (using the latest science) with this life changing book
Summary
TLDREste libro revoluciona el aprendizaje, enseñando técnicas fundamentales para excelar en cualquier campo. Aborda la memoria de trabajo y a largo plazo, y cómo mover información de una a la otra. Discute también la procrastinación, los modos de concentración, y los caminos del aprendizaje. A pesar de ser fácil de entender en ocasiones puede ser demasiado simplista. Comparado con otro libro antiguo, cubre terrenos nuevos y, si te interesa el aprendizaje en general, ambos son valiosos. Técnicas como la práctica de recuperación, la práctica espaciada e intercalación de temas mejoran la retención y comprensión.
Takeaways
- 📚 El libro trata sobre la importancia fundamental de la habilidad de aprender y cómo mejorarla.
- 🧠 Capítulo 1: Diferencia entre la memoria working (memoria a corto plazo) y la memoria a largo plazo, y cómo trascender de la primera a la segunda.
- 🐙 Metáfora de la memoria working: un pulpo con cuatro tentáculos que solo puede sostener cuatro cosas a la vez.
- 🚗🥾 Capítulo 2: Comparación entre conductores de carreras (buena memoria working) y excursionistas (memoria working limitada), y estrategias para compensar una memoria working débil.
- 🧠 Capítulo 3: Explicación de cómo funciona el cerebro en términos de transferencia de información de la memoria working a la memoria a largo plazo, y el papel del hipocampo.
- 💤 Capítulo 4: Discute la procrastinación, los dos métodos de concentración (focalizado y difuso) y cómo optimizar el aprendizaje.
- 🛤️ Los caminos del aprendizaje: el camino declarativo (aprender intencionalmente) y el camino procedural (aprender actividades que no puedes explicar).
- 📈 Técnicas de aprendizaje: práctica de recuperación, práctica espaciada y entrelazado de temas para un aprendizaje más efectivo.
- 🏃 Ejercicio y sueño:的重要因素 para el aprendizaje y la consolidación de la información en la memoria.
- 🌐 Comparación con otro libro sobre aprendizaje: ambos basados en la ciencia, pero este libro aborda más a fondo el funcionamiento del cerebro.
- 📚 Valor del libro: bien vale la pena adquirir ambos libros si está interesado en el aprendizaje en general, ya que cubren aspectos complementarios.
- 🎓砖石.org: Una plataforma interactiva para aprender matemáticas, ciencia de datos y ciencias de la computación, que ayuda a mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje.
Q & A
¿Qué aspecto fundamental aborda el libro para mejorar en cualquier habilidad?
-El libro aborda la importancia de la habilidad de aprender, que es esencial para excelar en cualquier cosa.
¿Por qué es raro que se enseñe la habilidad de aprender a pesar de su importancia?
-No se explica claramente en el guión por qué se omite la enseñanza de esta habilidad, pero sugiere que es algo que generalmente se asume y no se centra explícitamente en la educación formal.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la memoria de trabajo y la memoria a largo plazo?
-La memoria de trabajo es como la RAM de una computadora, es la memoria que se utiliza mientras se está pensando, mientras que la memoria a largo plazo es donde se almacenan la información a largo plazo.
¿Cómo se puede engañar a uno mismo creyendo haber aprendido algo cuando en realidad no lo ha hecho?
-La memoria de trabajo puede dar la ilusión de aprendizaje, engañando a una persona a pensar que ha aprendido algo cuando en realidad no ha logrado pasar esa información a la memoria a largo plazo.
¿Qué analogía se utiliza para explicar las limitaciones de la memoria de trabajo?
-Se utiliza la analogía de un pulpo con cuatro tentáculos, que solo pueden sostener cuatro cosas a la vez, para ilustrar las limitaciones de la memoria de trabajo.
¿Cómo puede una persona con una memoria de trabajo limitada mejorar su capacidad de aprendizaje?
-Una persona con una memoria de trabajo limitada puede utilizar estrategias que activan su memoria a largo plazo para compensar la limitación de la memoria de trabajo.
¿Qué papel juega el hipocampo en la transferencia de información de la memoria de trabajo a la memoria a largo plazo?
-El hipocampo desempeña un papel importante en la transferencia de información de la memoria de trabajo a la memoria a largo plazo, aunque el guión no entra en detalles específicos sobre este proceso.
¿Qué tema importante se discute en el capítulo 4 del libro?
-El capítulo 4 discute la procrastinación, cómo evitarla y cómo superarla, así como los dos métodos de concentración del cerebro: enfocado y difuso.
¿Cuál es la técnica de aprendizaje más efectiva conocida por la ciencia?
-La práctica de recuperación es la técnica de aprendizaje más efectiva conocida por la ciencia, ya que se aprende más cuando se intenta recuperar información de la memoria.
¿Qué es el aprendizaje intercalado y por qué es efectivo?
-El aprendizaje intercalado consiste en mezclar diferentes temas en lugar de estudiar un solo tema en bloques. Es efectivo porque obliga al cerebro a pensar profundamente sobre cómo responder a un problema específico, lo que ayuda a ver las sutilezas y las similitudes entre diferentes temas dentro de una materia.
¿Qué dos consejos adicionales se ofrecen para ayudar en el aprendizaje?
-El ejercicio y el sueño son dos formas de ayudar en el aprendizaje, ya que ambos contribuyen a la función y la salud del cerebro.
Outlines
📚 Transformación Personal a través del Aprendizaje
Este párrafo aborda el impacto transformador que puede tener un libro en la vida de una persona, destacando la importancia fundamental del aprendizaje en el éxito de cualquier campo. El libro en cuestión enseña cómo aprender, una habilidad que, aunque es esencial, rara vez se enseña formalmente. El video proporciona un resumen del contenido del libro, incluyendo las técnicas de aprendizaje que se pueden aplicar para mejorar significativamente el proceso de aprendizaje. Además, se hace una comparación con otro libro sobre el mismo tema, destacando las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos.
🧠 Comprensión Cerebral y Estrategias de Aprendizaje
En este párrafo se profundiza en el funcionamiento del cerebro y su relación con el aprendizaje. Se explica la diferencia entre la memoria de trabajo y la memoria a largo plazo, y se presentan estrategias para mover información de una a la otra. Se discuten los límites de la memoria de trabajo y se ofrecen analogías para facilitar su comprensión. Además, se exploran temas como la procrastinación, los modos de concentración, y los caminos del aprendizaje declarativo y procedural. Se mencionan también las ventajas de un estilo de aprendizaje basado en la evidencia científica y se ofrecen técnicas prácticas de aprendizaje que pueden aplicarse inmediatamente.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Aprendizaje
💡Memoria de trabajo
💡Memoria a largo plazo
💡Procrastinación
💡Recuperación
💡Practicas espaciadas
💡Aprendizaje intercalado
💡Ejercicio
💡Sueño
💡Brilliant.org
💡Cerebro
Highlights
The book teaches essential learning skills, a fundamental yet often untaught ability.
It addresses the common issue of forgetting information soon after studying, a problem often faced by learners.
The book explains the difference between working memory and long-term memory, and how to effectively transfer information from the former to the latter.
Working memory is likened to a computer's RAM, with limitations, compared to the near limitless capacity of long-term memory.
The illusion of learning caused by working memory is discussed, highlighting the deceptive nature of short-term understanding.
Chapter 2 delves deeper into working memory, its effects on learning, and the different learning styles of individuals.
Chapter 3 clarifies the brain's mechanisms for moving information from working to long-term memory, including the role of the hippocampus.
The importance of sleep in the learning process is emphasized, as it aids in memory consolidation.
Chapter 4 tackles procrastination, offering strategies for overcoming it and enhancing concentration through focused and diffuse modes.
Two learning pathways are introduced: the declarative pathway for intentional learning and the procedural pathway for skill acquisition.
The book's content is based on scientific evidence and presented in an accessible style, making it suitable for a wide audience.
There is some overlap with another popular learning book, but this one provides more insight into brain function and unique learning techniques.
Retrieval practice is highlighted as the most effective learning technique, encouraging active testing of one's knowledge.
Spaced practice is recommended, suggesting that spreading study sessions over time is more beneficial than cramming.
Interleaving, or mixing up topics during study, is presented as an effective method to deepen understanding and problem-solving skills.
Exercise and sleep are advised as aids to learning, in addition to the book's discussed techniques.
Brilliant.org is recommended for interactive learning of math, data science, and computer science, promoting engagement and critical thinking.
Transcripts
this book could change your life I know
that sounds like clickbait but it's true
this book teaches you how to learn and
that is such a fundamentally important
skill to excel at anything you have to
be able to learn but for some reason
it's a skill that's rarely taught and I
don't really understand why I'm going to
share this book with you I'm going to
give you a brief summary of what it
contains and tell you what I like about
it and what I don't like so much and
then you can decide whether or not it's
the right book for you I'll also give
you three learning techniques from the
book which will definitely improve your
learning and the other thing that I want
to do is compare this book with this
book which if you watch the channel
regularly you will have seen me talk
about this is a great book on learning
and I still like this book very much but
how does it compare to this one well
keep watching to find out you know when
you cram for a test and then shortly
afterwards forget everything that you've
learned and don't tell me that you've
never done that before uh chapter one is
all about that and it explains the
difference between working memory which
is if you know how Compu computers work
it's a bit like Ram it's the memory that
you use whilst you're thinking and it
Compares that to long-term memory and it
explains that to learn you have to move
information from your working memory to
your long-term memory and it discusses
ways of doing that it also talks about
how working memory can give the illusion
of learning and how it deceives you into
thinking that you've learned something
so you know when you're reading a
textbook and you go through it and you
think yeah yeah yeah I know how to do
that you go through the worked example
just quickly and you have a sense that
you understand it but then when you go
back to it perhaps the next day
you can't remember anything about it or
you don't know how to do it that's
because your working memory has fooled
you into thinking that you've learned it
when you haven't really so chapter one
sort of introduces that topic chapter
one talks about the limitations of
working memory and your working memory
is really quite limited and it uses the
analogy of an octopus with four
tentacles that can only hold four things
at once and it introduces methods that
you can use to move information from
your working memory to your long-term
memory chapter 2 goes into working
memory in a little bit more Det detail
and it discusses the effects that
working memory can have on your ability
to learn and it talks about two types of
people the race car driver who have
pretty good working memories and then
the hiker whose working memories aren't
quite so good and it's true that if you
don't have a great working memory then
you can find it more difficult to learn
that's the bad news but the good news is
that your long-term memory is pretty
much Limitless and if you don't have
such a good working memory you can use
strategies that will enable your
long-term memory to kick in so I think
this is one of the strengths of the book
because if you have a poor working
memory you can easily be written off as
someone that can't learn particularly
well but these methods will ensure that
you can learn as well or in some cases
even better than people who have really
good working memories chapter 3 explains
how your brain works obviously not
completely but what it does do is tell
you how information goes from the
working memory to the long-term memory
and that's in the neocortex and what
role the hippocampus plays in that I
didn't know much about these processes
so it was useful to me it also has some
practical use because it makes you more
aware of things like why sleep is
important when it comes to transferring
information from your working memory to
your long-term memory chapter four
discusses a really important topic
procrastination how to avoid it and how
to overcome it it also talks about the
brain's two methods of concentration
focused and diffuse and how
understanding those can help you to
optimize your own learning essentially
you work in Focus mode until you become
frustrated with something you can't do
anymore and then you rest so that your
brain can make sense of what's going on
the book also discusses two learning
Pathways the declarative pathway and the
procedural pathway declarative is when
you intentionally learn something like I
don't know studying Latin vocab and the
procedural pathway is when you learn how
to ride a bike usually you can explain
the declarative process but you can't
explain the procedural one and to learn
something well you need to use both
Pathways what did I like about the book
definitely the information that it
contains it's all based based on
scientific evidence and it's explained
in a very accessible style was there
anything that I didn't like sometimes
that accessible style moves a little bit
too close I think to being simplistic
but that only happens every now and then
and I do understand that they're aiming
this book at a very wide market so if
you own this book make it stick is it
worth getting this one there's quite a
lot of overlap between these two books
this book's far more recent it was
published a couple of years ago and this
one is getting on for 10 years old now
but they're both based on science this
one goes more into how the brain works
but they cover a lot of the same ground
if you're just looking for practical
learning techniques then you only need
one or the other but if you're
interested in learning in general then
you know you might as well get them both
this book does cover ground that this
one doesn't so here are some learning
techniques from the book that you can
use today number one retrieval practice
this is the most effective learning
technique known to science we learn more
when we attempt to retrieve information
from our brains so if you want to learn
something test yourself just keep
testing yourself and when I've mentioned
this in the past in other videos I've
had people in the comments saying oh but
that's just rot learning it's not
retrieval practice I.E testing yourself
improves memory and understanding you
will understand a topic better and
remember more about it if you test
yourself on it and also if those tests
become more difficult and try to link it
into information and knowledge that you
already have how does this subject a
link with subject B what does it mean
for subject C ask yourself questions
about it from lots of different angles
spaced practice is when you have a gap
between study sessions so if you're
going to study something for I don't
know 5 hours instead of doing 5 hours in
one day you're better doing five hours
across five days you also get the added
bonus that when you come to the next
session you can use retrieval practice
to remember what you covered in the
first session method three is inter
leaving now that's where instead of
studying the same topic within a subject
in blocks you mix up the topics so for
an example if you were studying physics
and you were doing Newton's laws of
motion instead of answering lots and
lots and lots of questions on Newton's
Laws of Motion it's more effective to
mix it up with say Newton's Laws of
gravitation and perhaps circular motion
and the reason is this if you're just
doing a lot of questions on Laws of
Motion you don't have to think deeply
about how you answer that particular
question because you know it's a Laws of
Motion question whereas if you mix it up
up you have to recognize which method
that you need to use because you have to
first categorize that problem and that
categorizing of the problem helps you to
see the nuances and the differences and
similarities between different topics
within a subject so interleaving is a
very effective method and it's been
shown by lots of research to be far more
effective than just doing lots of one
thing and then lots of another thing and
it's not just in physics it's been shown
to be effective in lots of different
subjects as well two other bits of
advice EX exercise helps learning and so
does sleep a lot of the topics I talk
about in this video are difficult to
learn but there's a free and easy way to
help you grasp them brilliant.org the
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