Panas Bumi; Sumber Energi Terbarukan

Summary

The script explains geothermal energy, a clean and renewable resource harnessed from Earth's natural heat. It details how geothermal plants use underground heat to generate electricity without greenhouse gas emissions, contrasting with fossil fuel power plants. The process involves water being heated by magma, collected in reservoirs, and brought to the surface to power turbines. The script highlights the benefits of geothermal energy, its minimal environmental impact, and its potential as a sustainable solution to climate change.

Takeaways

• 🌋 Geothermal energy is produced by heat from within the Earth, known as geothermal heat.
• 🔥 Unlike other power plants that burn coal or oil, geothermal power plants use the Earth's natural heat without emitting greenhouse gases.
• 💧 Geothermal energy originates from melted rocks called magma, typically found beneath inactive volcanoes.
• 🌧️ Rainwater seeps through cracks in the Earth's surface and collects in underground reservoirs above magma, getting heated to temperatures above 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
• 🚨 Geothermal fluid is extracted from depths of 3000 to 10,000 feet using production wells.
• 💦 High pressure in the geothermal reservoir causes the geothermal fluid to naturally flow upwards towards the surface.
• 🔌 The hot geothermal fluid is processed on the surface to separate hot steam from water, with the water being reinjected into the reservoir.
• 🌐 The separated steam is then used to power electricity generators through a network of large pipes.
• 🏭 The steam passes through a scrubber to remove impurities before being directed to the electricity generator.
• 🌿 Geothermal energy is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power, helping to mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.
• 🌍 The largest geothermal power plants are in Indonesia and the Philippines, with a capacity to generate over 1200 megawatts of clean, reliable, and renewable energy.

Q & A

What is geothermal energy?

Geothermal energy is produced by heat from within the Earth, also known as geothermal heat. It is a renewable source of energy that can be harnessed to generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions.

How does geothermal energy differ from other forms of electricity generation?

Unlike other electricity generators that may burn coal or oil, geothermal energy relies on natural heat from the Earth to produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases.

What is the concept of a 'heat pump' in the context of geothermal energy?

A heat pump in geothermal energy refers to the use of Earth's heat to heat water instead of using a stove. It utilizes heat from the Earth to heat water for various applications.

Where does the heat for geothermal energy come from?

The heat for geothermal energy comes from molten rocks called magma, typically found under inactive volcanic areas. This magma is located far below the surface.

How does water get heated by geothermal energy?

Rainwater seeps through cracks in the Earth's surface and collects underground above magma. The magma heats the water to temperatures above 500 degrees Fahrenheit, creating high-temperature and high-pressure liquid and gases.

What is the process of extracting geothermal energy from the Earth?

Wells are drilled from 3000 to 10,000 feet into the Earth's surface to bring the Earth's hot fluid to the surface for electricity generation. The high pressure in the geothermal reservoir causes the fluid to naturally flow upwards.

How is the hot geothermal fluid processed to generate electricity?

The hot geothermal fluid flows through a wellhead, a network of pipes, and then to a separator where the hot steam is separated from the water. The separated water, called brine, is reinjected into the reservoir to be reheated.

What happens to the steam after it is separated from the brine?

The separated steam is then piped to an electricity generator through a large network of pipes on the surface. The steam's heat is used to spin turbines, which in turn rotate a shaft connected to an electricity generator.

How is the electricity generated from geothermal energy transmitted to homes and industries?

The electricity generated is transmitted through a step-up transformer to increase voltage before it is sent to the power grid and then distributed to homes and industries.

What are the environmental benefits of geothermal energy?

Geothermal energy is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power. It can help mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change due to its minimal greenhouse gas emissions.

What is the current state of geothermal energy development in Indonesia and the Philippines?

Indonesia and the Philippines have significant geothermal energy potential. They currently have the largest geothermal power plants in the world, with a capacity to generate over 1200 megawatts of clean and renewable energy.