Network Topologies - N10-008 CompTIA Network+ : 1.2
Summary
TLDRThis video explains the various types of network topologies used in designing, building, and troubleshooting networks. It covers common topologies like star, ring, bus, and mesh, highlighting their applications in both local and wide area networks. The importance of redundancy, fault tolerance, and load balancing in modern networks is discussed. Additionally, it explores hybrid networks that combine multiple topologies, as well as wireless networking options such as ad hoc and infrastructure modes, and the growing use of mesh networks for Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Understanding network topology is essential for designing, building, or troubleshooting networks.
- ⭐ The star topology, also called hub-and-spoke, is one of the most common topologies, where devices connect to a central hub.
- 🔄 Ring topology, though rarely used in local networks, is popular for wide area networks (WAN) because it provides redundancy by allowing data to reroute if a connection fails.
- 📡 Bus topology was used in early Ethernet networks, but is now largely outdated due to its vulnerability to single-point failures.
- 🚗 Modern cars use CAN bus networks to connect sensors and controllers, improving vehicle safety.
- 🕸️ Mesh networks create multiple connections between devices or sites, offering redundancy and load balancing by utilizing alternative pathways if one link fails.
- 🔀 Hybrid networks combine different topologies, such as a star topology for local networks and a ring topology for wide area networks.
- 📶 Wireless networks often use infrastructure mode, where devices connect through an access point, or ad hoc mode for direct device-to-device communication.
- 🌐 IoT devices often rely on wireless mesh networks, where devices communicate with one another to create an interconnected, self-healing network.
- 🔧 Redundant and fault-tolerant design in mesh networks ensures continuous operation even if some network connections fail.
Q & A
What is the purpose of understanding network topologies in design and troubleshooting?
-Understanding network topologies is essential for visualizing data flow, planning new networks, and troubleshooting issues. It helps identify how traffic moves between points and where problems might occur.
What is a star topology and why is it commonly used?
-A star topology connects all devices to a central hub, often an ethernet switch. It is widely used in networks of all sizes because it provides an organized structure where devices don't connect directly to each other but instead communicate through the central hub.
How does a ring topology work, and where is it most commonly used?
-A ring topology connects devices in a circular structure, allowing data to flow in one direction. It's most commonly used in wide area networks (WAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN) due to its redundancy, as traffic can loop back if a connection is severed.
Why did early ethernet networks move away from using bus topology?
-Bus topology was phased out in early ethernet networks because a single break in the cable could disconnect the entire network. The lack of fault tolerance made it less reliable for local area networks (LAN).
What are CAN bus connections, and where are they typically found?
-CAN (Controller Area Network) bus connections are used in modern automobiles to connect sensors and controllers, enabling safer and more efficient communication between the vehicle's systems.
What is a mesh topology, and why is it beneficial?
-Mesh topology connects multiple devices or sites, creating multiple pathways between them. This provides redundancy and fault tolerance, ensuring that if one connection fails, traffic can be rerouted through another connection.
What is a hybrid network topology?
-A hybrid network combines multiple types of topologies. For example, a local network might use a star topology, while connecting to other sites through a ring topology over a wide area network (WAN).
How do wireless networks typically function with access points?
-In wireless networks, devices usually communicate through an access point, creating an infrastructure connection. This is the most common setup for wireless networks.
What is ad hoc networking in wireless communications?
-Ad hoc networking allows two devices to connect directly to each other without the need for an access point or other wireless infrastructure.
How do mesh networks work with Internet of Things (IoT) devices?
-Mesh networks allow IoT devices to communicate with each other directly, even over long distances. If one device goes offline, the mesh network self-heals and adjusts, maintaining communication among the remaining devices.
Outlines
🌟 Understanding Network Topologies: The Star Topology
This paragraph explains the concept of network topologies, focusing on the star topology. A star topology is common across various network sizes, where all devices connect back to a central hub, such as an Ethernet switch. The paragraph also touches on the usefulness of understanding topologies when designing or troubleshooting a network, as it helps in visualizing data flow and resolving issues. The star topology is highlighted as a key structure found in most modern networks.
🔄 The Ring Topology: Redundancy in Wide Area Networks
Here, the focus shifts to the ring topology, which is less common in local area networks but frequently used in wide area and metropolitan area networks. The paragraph discusses the ability of ring topologies to provide redundancy. In cases where a connection is severed, the network can loop back traffic in the opposite direction, maintaining data flow. The paragraph also contrasts older token ring technologies with modern uses of the ring topology in larger network infrastructures.
🔌 The Bus Topology: From Ethernet to CAN Bus in Automobiles
This section discusses the bus topology, which was used in early Ethernet networks, where a single coaxial cable ran through the space, connecting devices. A key disadvantage of bus networks is that a single cable break can disrupt the entire network. Despite this, bus topologies are still used in modern applications, such as in automobiles with CAN bus networks, where sensors and controllers communicate for safety features in vehicles.
🌐 Mesh Networks: Ensuring Redundancy and Fault Tolerance
The mesh topology is introduced as a structure where multiple devices or sites are interconnected through multiple links. This setup ensures redundancy, fault tolerance, and load balancing across the network. Mesh networks are commonly found in wide area networks to maintain connections even if one link fails. The redundancy helps in avoiding downtime, allowing traffic to reroute through alternative connections.
🔀 Hybrid Networks: Combining Topologies for Enhanced Connectivity
This paragraph introduces hybrid networks, where multiple topology types are used together. An example provided is a combination of a star topology for local connections with a ring topology for wide area network communication. Hybrid networks allow for greater flexibility and efficiency in designing complex networks that meet diverse connectivity needs across different locations.
📶 Wireless Networks: Infrastructure, Ad Hoc, and IoT Mesh
The paragraph explains different wireless communication methods. In infrastructure networks, devices connect through an access point, whereas ad hoc networks allow direct device-to-device communication without an access point. It also discusses the role of mesh networks in IoT (Internet of Things) devices, enabling multiple devices, like smart home systems, to communicate simultaneously. Mesh networks are praised for their ability to self-heal, automatically adapting when devices are added or removed.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Network Topology
💡Star Topology
💡Ring Topology
💡Bus Topology
💡Mesh Topology
💡Redundancy
💡Wide Area Network (WAN)
💡Ad Hoc Network
💡Hybrid Network
💡Controller Area Network (CAN)
Highlights
Understanding network topology is crucial for designing, building, and troubleshooting networks.
Star topology, also known as hub-and-spoke, is one of the most popular network topologies.
In a star topology, devices connect to a central hub, such as an Ethernet switch, rather than directly to each other.
Ring topology is often used in wide area networks (WANs) for redundancy, where traffic can loop back in case of a connection failure.
Ring networks are useful for maintaining uptime by rerouting traffic in the event of a severed connection.
Bus topology, used in early Ethernet networks, features a single cable, but a single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network.
Modern vehicles use bus topology, specifically controller area network (CAN) buses, to connect sensors and controllers for safety.
Mesh topology allows multiple devices to connect with redundant paths, enhancing fault tolerance and load balancing.
Mesh networks are common in wide area networks, providing primary and backup connections between sites.
Hybrid networks combine different topology types, such as star and ring, to create more complex and versatile networks.
Wireless networks using access points operate in infrastructure mode, the most common wireless setup.
Ad hoc wireless networks enable direct communication between two devices without an access point.
IoT devices often use mesh wireless networks, allowing intercommunication between devices, even when far apart.
Mesh networks for IoT can self-heal, automatically rerouting traffic if a device is turned off or disconnected.
Understanding different topologies helps optimize network design and ensure reliability, redundancy, and fault tolerance.
Transcripts
When you're designing, building or troubleshooting a network,
you'll be using a network topology
type that can vary depending on the technology you're using.
If you're looking to understand the way the data is flowing
or you want to plan to create a new type of network,
then it's useful to understand what these topologies might be.
This is also useful during the troubleshooting process,
because you'll know exactly what flow
the traffic takes to get between point A and point B.
One of the most popular types of topologies
is the star topology.
You might also hear this referred to as a hub
and spoke, where the hub is in the middle
and the spokes are along the outside.
This is a topology that you'll find on
almost any network regardless of the size of the network.
And you'll also find that most devices are connecting back
to the central hub of the star.
For example, a switched ethernet network
has the ethernet switch in the middle of the star.
And then all of the devices run directly back
to this particular switch.
They're not connecting to each other.
They're instead connecting back to the central switch
in this star topology.
Although we don't often see a ring topology used
on our local area networks, it's still
a topology type that's used quite often for wide area
networks.
So although many people will remember the older token ring
technologies that we used to run inside of our local area
networks, we don't generally find those ring networks
any longer.
But if you're connecting over a metropolitan area
network or a wide area network, we
use ring networks extensively.
It's not because a ring technology somehow
lends itself to work better over a wide area network.
It's because we can create additional redundancy
using the ring topology.
For example, a very common way to send traffic
over a ring network is to have the traffic simply go
in a circle.
Now if we're on this wide area network
and there's construction going on
and someone happens to sever a fiber connection that's
being used for this metropolitan area network,
then we're not going to be able to send that traffic
through the rest of that ring.
But the devices that are on either side
of that severed link recognize that traffic
is no longer able to traverse that connection
and instead will loopback the connection
on those individual endpoints.
So instead of having data go around a ring,
the data will instead go to as far
as it can around the ring and then
loopback to get to the other side of the ring,
maintaining uptime and availability even in the case
where part of that ring may be severed.
Early types of ethernet networks were not switched ethernet,
but were instead run over coax.
And this coax was quite simply a cable
that was run down the middle of the room very similar
to this cable.
This is a bus network.
And although it was commonly used
on those early ethernet networks,
we can still find modern networks
that use the same bus topology.
One problem with bus networks is that it is a single cable that
is running either through the walls
or down the center of the room.
And if we happen to have a break in this cable,
you can see immediately that it would suddenly
segment the network into different pieces.
Or in some cases, cause no data to be
transferred across the network.
That's one of the reasons we moved away from bus networks
for our local area networks, because one single disconnect
could cause an outage for everybody else on the network.
In our modern automobiles, we have bus networks
that we use extensively.
These are controller area network buses, or CAN bus
connections.
And they're used to connect all of the different sensors
and controllers inside of our automobiles
to be able to make all of our cars much safer
to drive on the roads.
Another popular topology, especially in larger networks,
is to create a mesh between devices
or a mesh between sites.
We may have devices that are connected
in different locations.
And we might want to connect them all together.
But instead of having a single connection
to a particular site, we may want
to create multiple connections to mesh these together.
That way if we do lose any one of these network links,
we're able to work around that problem by simply using one
of the redundant connections.
You'll commonly use this type of mesh design
if you're creating redundancy or fault tolerance
or perhaps you're designing a load balance network
and you can use different parts of the network
to share that load.
Probably the most common place to find a wired mesh network
is over a wide area network where
you can create multiple links to other sites
so that you can have a primary connection from one
site to the other and then a backup or secondary connection
that you can use if you run into problems.
When you start combining these different typologies together,
you create a hybrid network.
A hybrid network is more than one of these topology types
all working together.
For example, you might have three remote sites
all connecting devices together using a switched ethernet
or star network.
And then you may be connecting those together
over a wide area network that uses a ring topology.
If you're using a wireless network,
you may be communicating in a number of different ways.
If you're using an access point, you're
probably communicating over an infrastructure connection.
This means that all of the devices on your network
are communicating through an access point.
This is probably the most common way
to use wireless connections, but it's not the only way
to communicate over a wireless link.
If you just have two devices and there's no access point
that you can use, you can connect directly
from one device to another using ad hoc networking.
You don't need an access point or any other type
of wireless infrastructure.
You simply have one device communicate directly
to another device over this wireless connection.
And if you've added internet of things devices, which
are commonly wireless devices that control our lights,
our door locks, or the air conditioning systems, then
you're probably using a mesh network
where all of these devices can communicate
to all the other devices simultaneously
to create an interconnected mesh of communication between all
of these IoT devices.
One of the advantages of these mesh
wireless networks is that it allows
many devices to communicate to each other
even if those devices are very far apart from each other.
This also allows the mesh network to self-heal.
So if you turn off one of those IoT devices,
the remaining devices will self-heal and redesign
themselves into a mesh network that
will allow them to continue the communication.
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