Extensive vs Intensive Properties of Matter - Explained

Chem Academy

27 Aug 201506:03

Summary

TLDRMr. Millington's lesson distinguishes between intensive and extensive properties of matter. Intensive properties, like boiling point, density, and hardness, remain constant regardless of the substance's quantity. Extensive properties, such as volume, mass, and length, vary with the amount of matter. Examples provided for each clarify the concepts, making the lesson engaging and informative.

Takeaways

🔬 Intensive properties are characteristics of a substance that do not depend on the amount of matter present.
🌡 Examples of intensive properties include boiling point, freezing point, melting point, and condensation point.
💧 The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius, regardless of the quantity of water.
📏 Density is an intensive property; water's density is one gram per milliliter, irrespective of the amount.
💠 Hardness, color, flammability, combustibility, and corrosiveness are all intensive properties.
🔥 Flammability, such as that of gasoline, is consistent regardless of the quantity.
🧪 Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present, including volume, mass, length, and weight.
📦 Volume is an extensive property; it varies with the amount of substance you have.
🏺 Mass is also an extensive property, as it changes with the quantity of the substance.
⏱ The length of a copper bar is an extensive property because it depends on the size of the bar.
🔗 To determine if a property is intensive or extensive, consider whether it changes with the amount of substance.

Q & A

What are intensive properties?
-Intensive properties are characteristics of a substance that do not depend on the amount of matter present. Examples include boiling point, freezing point, melting point, density, hardness, color, flammability, combustibility, and corrosiveness.
Why does the boiling point of water remain the same regardless of the amount of water present?
-The boiling point of water is an intensive property, which means it is constant at one hundred degrees Celsius under standard conditions and does not change with the quantity of water.
How does the density of water illustrate the concept of intensive properties?
-The density of water is an intensive property, which is always one gram per milliliter, regardless of the amount of water present.
What is the significance of hardness as an intensive property in earth science?
-Hardness is an intensive property that indicates the resistance of a mineral to scratching. Diamond, being the hardest mineral, maintains this property regardless of its size.
Can you give an example of an intensive property related to flammability?
-Yes, flammability is an intensive property. For instance, gasoline is flammable whether you have a large quantity or just a small amount.
What is an extensive property and how does it differ from intensive properties?
-Extensive properties are characteristics of a substance that depend on the amount of matter present. They include volume, mass, length, and weight, and they vary with the quantity of the substance.
How does the volume of water demonstrate the concept of extensive properties?
-Volume is an extensive property because it depends on how much water you have. More water means a larger volume.
Why is mass considered an extensive property?
-Mass is an extensive property because it is directly proportional to the amount of substance present; more substance results in greater mass.
How does the length of a copper bar relate to extensive properties?
-The length of a copper bar is an extensive property because it depends on the size of the bar; a longer bar has a greater length.
What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties in terms of their dependence on the amount of substance?
-Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance, while extensive properties are directly related to the quantity of the substance.
Can you provide a real-world example of how intensive properties remain constant regardless of the amount?
-Yes, the flammability of gasoline is an example of an intensive property that remains constant whether you have a large tank or a small bottle of gasoline.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Intensive vs Extensive Properties

In this segment, Mr. Millington introduces the concepts of intensive and extensive properties of matter. Intensive properties, such as boiling point, freezing point, melting point, density, hardness, color, flammability, combustibility, and corrosiveness, are those that remain constant regardless of the amount of substance present. Examples given include the boiling point of water being 100 degrees Celsius, the density of water being one gram per milliliter, and the hardness of diamonds. Extensive properties, on the other hand, depend on the amount of substance present, such as volume, mass, length, and weight. The video script uses the analogy of water in beakers to illustrate these concepts, emphasizing that intensive properties do not change with quantity.

05:01

🔍 Summary of Intensive and Extensive Properties

This paragraph summarizes the key points from the previous discussion on intensive and extensive properties. It reiterates that intensive properties, such as the boiling point of water, flammability of gasoline, and combustibility of oxygen, remain the same no matter the quantity of the substance. The paragraph also clarifies that extensive properties, like volume and mass, vary with the amount of substance. The summary serves as a recap, reinforcing the understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Intensive Properties

Intensive properties are characteristics of a substance that remain constant regardless of the amount of substance present. They are intrinsic to the nature of the material itself. In the video, boiling point is used as an example of an intensive property; water boils at 100 degrees Celsius whether you have a large or small quantity. This concept is central to understanding how certain properties do not scale with the size or amount of a sample.

💡Extensive Properties

Extensive properties are those that depend on the quantity or size of the material in question. They are additive, meaning that if you have more of the substance, the property value increases. The video uses volume as an example, explaining that the volume of water depends on how much water you have, making it an extensive property. This is a key concept for understanding how properties scale with the amount of matter.

💡Boiling Point

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance transitions from a liquid to a gas. It is mentioned as an intensive property in the video because it does not change with the amount of substance. For instance, water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level, whether in a small beaker or a large pot.

💡Density

Density is defined as mass per unit volume of a substance and is an intensive property. The video clarifies that the density of water is one gram per milliliter, which remains the same no matter how much water you have. This property is important for understanding how substances interact and for calculations involving mass and volume.

💡Hardness

Hardness, in the context of the video, refers to the resistance of a mineral to scratching or abrasion. Diamond is given as an example of a substance with a high hardness, being the hardest known natural material. This property is intensive as it does not depend on the size of the diamond.

💡Flammability

Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn or ignite. The video uses gasoline as an example, stating that it is flammable regardless of the quantity, which makes flammability an intensive property. This is crucial for understanding fire safety and the behavior of substances in fires.

💡Corrosiveness

Corrosiveness is the ability of a substance to destroy or damage other materials, especially metals. The video points out that battery acid is corrosive whether in large or small quantities, classifying it as an intensive property. Understanding corrosiveness is vital for material protection and safety.

💡Freezing Point

The freezing point is the temperature at which a substance transitions from a liquid to a solid. Similar to the boiling point, it is an intensive property because it does not vary with the amount of substance. The video uses water as an example, noting that it freezes at 0 degrees Celsius at sea level, regardless of the amount.

💡Melting Point

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. It is also an intensive property, as it remains constant regardless of the amount of substance. The video explains that substances like metals have a specific melting point that does not change with quantity.

💡Volume

Volume is the measure of the space occupied by an object or substance. The video explains that volume is an extensive property because it depends on the amount of substance. For example, the more water you have, the greater its volume will be.

💡Mass

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. As discussed in the video, mass is an extensive property because it increases with the amount of substance. For instance, a larger piece of copper will have a greater mass than a smaller piece.

Highlights

Intensive properties are independent of the amount of matter present.

Boiling point is an intensive property; it remains constant regardless of the quantity of water.

Density is an intensive property; it remains constant even with varying amounts of water.

Hardness, such as that of diamonds, is an intensive property and does not depend on size.

Color is an intensive property and remains consistent irrespective of the amount of substance.

Flammability is an intensive property; gasoline remains flammable irrespective of quantity.

Corrosiveness is an intensive property; battery acid is corrosive regardless of its amount.

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present.

Volume is an extensive property; it varies with the amount of water.

Mass is an extensive property; it changes with the quantity of copper.

Length is an extensive property; it depends on the size of the copper bar.

Weight is an extensive property; it varies with the amount of copper.

Examples are provided to differentiate between intensive and extensive properties.

Volume and mass are confirmed as extensive properties.

Density is confirmed as an intensive property, with a constant value of one gram per milliliter.

Flammability is confirmed as an intensive property, unaffected by the amount of gasoline.

Corrosiveness is confirmed as an intensive property, consistent regardless of the amount.

Boiling point is confirmed as an intensive property, constant at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.

Combustibility is confirmed as an intensive property, consistent regardless of the amount of oxygen.

Freezing and melting points are intensive properties, unaffected by the amount of substance.

The video provides a clear explanation of intensive and extensive properties.