Genetics Basics: Difference between Codominance and Incomplete Dominance

Summary

In this educational video, the concepts of incomplete dominance and codominance in genetics are explained. Incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits, exemplified by the pink snapdragon flower, a mix of white and red. Codominance, however, allows both traits to be expressed together, as seen in spotted cows and speckled chickens. The video uses simple analogies and real-life examples to differentiate between these genetic phenomena, making complex science accessible.

Takeaways

• 🌱 Genetics is the study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
• 👨‍🔬 Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics and conducted experiments with pea plants.
• 🌿 In Mendel's pea plant experiments, traits were either dominant or recessive, with the recessive trait being masked by the dominant one.
• 🎨 Incomplete dominance occurs when offspring display a phenotype that is a blend of the two parent phenotypes.
• 🖼️ An example of incomplete dominance is the snapdragon flower, which can display a pink color when crossed between white and red parents.
• 🐾 Another example of incomplete dominance is a pin that shows a mix of grey and blue when black and white parents are crossed.
• 🤝 Codominance is a genetic phenomenon where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype.
• 🐄 A common example of codominance is the spotted cow, which displays both white and brown patches from its parents.
• 🐔 A speckled chicken is another example of codominance, where both black and white feathers appear together.
• 🌸 The 4 o'clock plant is an example where both alleles are expressed, showing both parent traits in the offspring.
• 📈 The video aims to educate viewers on the differences between incomplete dominance (blending of traits) and codominance (cooperation of traits).

Q & A

Who is considered the father of genetics?

Gregor Mendel is considered the father of genetics.

What did Gregor Mendel study in his experiments?

Gregor Mendel studied pea plants and their offspring's traits.

What is the difference between complete dominance and incomplete dominance?

In complete dominance, one trait masks the other, while in incomplete dominance, a blending of traits occurs, resulting in a third phenotype that is in between the two parental traits.

What is an example of incomplete dominance mentioned in the script?

An example of incomplete dominance is the color of a snapdragon flower, which can be a mix between a white and red flower, resulting in a pink color.

What is codominance in genetics?

Codominance is a genetic phenomenon where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, and both traits appear together in the offspring.

How does the coloration of a speckled chicken illustrate codominance?

A speckled chicken is an example of codominance because both the black and white alleles are expressed, resulting in a pattern where both colors appear together.

What is the significance of the term 'co' in codominance?

The term 'co' in codominance signifies 'together', as in both traits work together and are expressed simultaneously in the phenotype.

What is another example of codominance provided in the script?

Another example of codominance is the 4 o'clock plant, where both alleles are expressed, and both traits appear together.

How does the blending of traits in incomplete dominance relate to mixing colors?

The blending of traits in incomplete dominance is likened to mixing colors, where combining two colors results in an intermediate color, such as mixing red and white paint to get pink.

What is the outcome when a white and black parent pin is crossed, according to the script?

When a white and black parent pin is crossed, the offspring exhibits an in-between color, which is a mix of grey and blue.

What is the recommendation for viewers at the end of the script?

The script encourages viewers to subscribe to moomoomath and share their videos, as they upload a new math and science video every day.

Outlines

00:00

🌱 Incomplete Dominance and Codominance

This paragraph introduces the concepts of incomplete dominance and codominance in genetics, contrasting them with the more commonly known Mendelian genetics where one trait masks another. It explains incomplete dominance as a blending of traits, using the analogy of mixing paint colors to illustrate how offspring can display a phenotype that is intermediate between their parents. The example of a snapdragon flower, which can display a pink color when crossed with red and white parents, is given to demonstrate this concept. Codominance, on the other hand, is described as the appearance of both parental traits in the offspring, exemplified by the spotted pattern seen in cows resulting from a cross between white and brown parents, and speckled patterns in chickens.

Keywords

💡Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete dominance is a genetic phenomenon where the offspring of two parents with contrasting traits display a phenotype that is an intermediate blend of the two parental traits. In the video, this concept is explained through the example of mixing red and white paint to create pink, which is an intermediate color. This blending effect is also seen in nature, such as in the case of a snapdragon flower that is a mix of white and red, resulting in a pink color.

💡Codominance

Codominance is a genetic term used to describe a situation where two different alleles contribute to the phenotype, and both are expressed in the offspring. The video uses the example of a cow that is both white and brown, resulting in a spotted pattern. This is because the white and brown alleles are 'co-dominant,' meaning they work together to produce a phenotype that displays both traits.

💡Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics. His work with pea plants laid the foundation for the understanding of inheritance patterns. The video mentions Mendel to contrast his findings of dominant and recessive traits with the concepts of incomplete dominance and codominance, which were not part of his initial theories.

💡Phenotype

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. The video discusses how different genetic interactions can lead to new phenotypes, such as the pink snapdragon or the speckled chicken, which are examples of how traits can manifest differently due to incomplete dominance and codominance.

💡Alleles

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can arise by mutation and exist at the same place on a chromosome. They are responsible for variations in inherited characteristics. The video explains how different combinations of alleles can lead to different expressions of traits, such as in the case of incomplete dominance and codominance.

💡Crossing

Crossing, in genetics, refers to the process of breeding two organisms to produce offspring with a combination of traits from both parents. The video discusses how crossing pea plants with different traits was a method used by Mendel to study inheritance and how it can result in new phenotypes like incomplete dominance and codominance.

💡Traits

Traits are the characteristics or features of an organism that are determined by its genetic makeup. The video uses traits to illustrate the principles of genetics, such as how traits can blend (incomplete dominance) or both appear together (codominance) in the offspring.

💡Mixing Paints

The act of mixing paints is used as an analogy in the video to explain incomplete dominance. When red and white paints are mixed, the result is pink, which is an intermediate color. This analogy helps to visualize how genetic traits can blend to create a new phenotype.

💡Snapdragon

The snapdragon is used as a real-life example in the video to illustrate incomplete dominance. When a white snapdragon is crossed with a red one, the offspring can display a pink color, which is an intermediate phenotype resulting from the blending of the two parental colors.

💡Cow

The video uses the example of a cow to explain codominance. When a white and a brown cow are crossed, the offspring can display a spotted pattern, indicating that both the white and brown traits are expressed in the phenotype, which is a classic example of codominance.

💡Speckled Chicken

A speckled chicken is mentioned in the video as another example of codominance. The black and white feathers appear together on the chicken, showing that both traits are expressed simultaneously, which is the essence of codominance.

Highlights

Introduction to incomplete dominance and codominance in genetics.

Gregor Mendel's work with pea plants and the concept of dominant and recessive traits.

Explanation of how traits can blend or both appear in offspring.

Definition of incomplete dominance as a blending of traits.

Example of incomplete dominance with snapdragon flowers mixing red and white to produce pink.

Inheritance of color in a pin as an example of incomplete dominance.

Definition of codominance where both traits appear together.

Codominance example with a white and brown cow producing a spotted offspring.

Explanation of the term 'co-' in codominance, meaning 'together'.

Codominance example with a speckled chicken showing both black and white feathers.

Another example of codominance in the 4 o'clock plant.

The difference between incomplete dominance (blending) and codominance (both traits appearing).

Encouragement to watch more math and science videos from moomoomath.

Invitation to subscribe and share moomoomath's educational content.

Transcripts

welcome to moomoomath and science in

this video I'd like to talk about

incomplete dominance and codominance

Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics

he is famous for his pea plants he would

cross pea plants and study the

offsprings the traits he study had to

Malia's and one would mask the other

trait however life does not always act

this way sometimes you get a mixing of

traits or both traits appear in other

words a third phenotype in this video

I'd like to talk about the difference

between incomplete dominance and

codominance with incomplete dominance

when you cross two individuals with two

different phenotypes you get a third

phenotype that is a blending you end

with end up with something that is in

between think of mixing paints if you

mix red and white you get an in-between

color which is pink blue and yellow is

green again in between here are some

real life examples the Snapdragon is a

mix between a white and red flower and

you get an in-between color which is

pink an example of incomplete dominance

this pin is the offspring of a white and

black parent and you get this in-between

color which is kind of grey and kind of

blue with codominance both traits appear

remember Co means together like

cooperate which means working together

one common example involves a white and

brown cow and you get a spotted cow

which is both white and brown a speckled

chicken is an example of codominance the

black and why elyes cooperate and both

appear together

a 4 o'clock plant is another example of

the both of the aleeah's appearing they

are cooperating and appearing together

so there we go the difference between

incomplete dominance which is blending

and codominance which is both of them

cooperating in both appearing thanks for

watching and moomoomath uploads a new

math and science video every day please

subscribe and share