Golpe de estado y La dictadura en Uruguay - parte 2/8

Summary

The script recounts Uruguay's tumultuous period from 1973 to 1980, marked by censorship, prohibitions, and military rule. It details the banning of political parties, the establishment of authoritarian councils, and the crackdown on dissent. The narrative includes significant events like the bombing at the Faculty of Engineering, the intervention in the University of the Republic, and the creation of the State Council. Internationally, it mentions treaties with Argentina and Brazil, and internal crises like the 1975 military ultimatum and the 1976 coup that replaced Bordaberry. The summary also touches on the military's control over the media, the 'Year of Orientality,' and the eventual 1977 plebiscite plan for a new constitution.

Takeaways

• 📆 The period from 1973 to 1980 was marked by increasing prohibitions, censorship, and repression, as well as the circulation of underground information in Uruguay.
• 🔥 Many individuals destroyed collections, photos, and entire libraries in silence, while secretly circulating tapes and data from those in exile.
• 🚨 On October 7, 1973, a student was killed when a bomb exploded at the Faculty of Engineering, leading to the government's intervention in the University of the Republic.
• 🚫 On November 28, 1973, the Communist Party, Socialist Party, and other leftist movements were dissolved by the government for their Marxist ideologies.
• 🤝 President Juan María Bordaberry strengthened ties with Brazil's Geisel and Chile's Pinochet, leading to visits and agreements with both de facto leaders.
• ⚔️ In February 1974, a new Organic Law for the Armed Forces was approved, introducing the National Security Doctrine.
• 📰 In 1976, several newspapers and magazines were shut down, and their editors were subjected to military justice.
• 🔗 The discovery of a Communist Party military apparatus in late 1975 led to the arrest of around 500 individuals.
• 💡 In June 1976, Bordaberry was overthrown by the military and replaced by Alberto Demicheli, who later resigned due to disagreements over the proscription of political figures.
• 🗳️ In 1980, the government planned a plebiscite to approve a new constitution, as well as a series of elections with limited candidates, starting in 1981 and 1986.

Q & A

What significant period is discussed in the script?

The script discusses the period from 1973 to 1980.

What types of activities were prevalent during this period according to the script?

Prohibitions, raids, censorship, self-censorship, rumors, and certainties were prevalent. There were also instances of burning photo collections, libraries, and the circulation of cassettes and data in secrecy.

What significant event occurred on October 7, 1973?

An explosion occurred at the Faculty of Engineering, caused by a bomb detonated by a student, who died the following day.

What actions did the executive power take after the explosion at the Faculty of Engineering?

The executive power intervened in the University of the Republic and arrested members of the directive council.

Which political parties were dissolved on November 28?

The Communist Party, the Socialist Party, the Popular Union, and others considered by the government as having illicit Marxist ideologies.

Who was appointed to preside over the Council of State created by Bordaberry?

Dr. Martín Echegoyen was appointed to preside over the Council of State.

What was the significance of the Treaty of the River Plate?

The Treaty of the River Plate was signed between Uruguay and Argentina, strengthening ties with the governments of Gisel in Brazil and Pinochet in Chile.

What was the content of the new Organic Law of the Armed Forces approved in February 1974?

The new Organic Law of the Armed Forces contained the doctrine of national security.

What happened to the media in 1976?

In 1976, there was a closure of newspapers and weeklies, and their responsible parties were subjected to military justice.

What event is referred to as the 'first crisis' between Bordaberry and the military leaders?

The 'first crisis' refers to Bordaberry's refusal to accept the military ultimatum demanding a reversal in the dismissal of Eduardo Peile from the presidency of the National Institute of Meats.

What significant changes occurred in the government on June 12, 1976?

On June 12, 1976, the military overthrew Juan María Bordaberry and replaced him with the then-president of the Council of State, Alberto Demelí.

What were the two main Acts Institutional that were dictated during Demelí's brief term?

The first Act Institutional suspended the call for elections scheduled for 1976, and the second created the Council of the Nation, integrated by members of the Council of State and the general officers' junta.

What was the international response to the situation in Uruguay during this period?

The international community, particularly the government of the United States, exerted pressure on the military, leading to the announcement of a plebiscite plan for a new constitution with a single candidate in 1981 and two candidates in 1986.