S9Q1W8: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration (Part 2)

Summary

This educational script explores photosynthesis and cellular respiration, two critical biological processes. Photosynthesis, occurring in chloroplasts, uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration, happening in mitochondria, converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The script highlights their complementary roles in ecosystems, emphasizing the interconnectedness of life.

Takeaways

• 🌿 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
• 🔆 The standard formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2, where glucose and oxygen are produced.
• 🌞 Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid and require light, while light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma and do not require light.
• 💧 The reactants for light-dependent reactions are water, NADP+, and ADP+, while those for light-independent reactions are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.
• 🍃 The products of light-dependent reactions are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH, and the products of light-independent reactions are glucose, NAD+, and ADP + phosphate.
• 🏃‍♂️ Cellular respiration is the process by which our cells derive energy from the food we eat, converting glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
• 🔋 ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the primary energy carrier in living organisms and is often referred to as the 'currency of biological energy'.
• 🌱 Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen), with aerobic respiration producing ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
• 🔄 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes; the products of one serve as reactants for the other, maintaining a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
• 🧬 Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential for life, with photosynthesis occurring in chloroplasts and cellular respiration in mitochondria.

Q & A

What is the primary process plants use to make food?

The primary process plants use to make food is photosynthesis.

What are the main reactants in the process of photosynthesis?

The main reactants in photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs the energy from the sun, which is essential for photosynthesis.

What are the two parts of photosynthesis and where do they occur?

The two parts of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid, and the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions, which occur in the stroma.

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

The products of the light-dependent reactions are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

What is the role of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells. It is generated in photosynthesis and used in cellular respiration.

What is the chemical formula for glucose and how does it relate to cellular respiration?

The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. It is the reactant in cellular respiration, which converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

How does cellular respiration differ from photosynthesis in terms of energy?

Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy, while photosynthesis is a process that absorbs energy.

In which part of the cell does cellular respiration take place?

Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.

What is the significance of the complementary relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The complementary relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is significant because the products of one process become the reactants of the other, creating a cycle that sustains life on Earth.

What is the role of oxygen in the process of cellular respiration?

Oxygen is used in the process of cellular respiration to react with glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

How does the process of aerobic cellular respiration differ from anaerobic cellular respiration?

Aerobic cellular respiration uses oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, while anaerobic cellular respiration does not require oxygen and produces lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Photosynthesis and Its Process

This paragraph delves into the process of photosynthesis, which is how plants create food. It requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The standard formula for photosynthesis is presented, highlighting the role of chlorophyll in capturing sunlight. The paragraph distinguishes between light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membrane and require light, and light-independent reactions, known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions, occurring in the stroma and do not require light. Reactants and products for both types of reactions are detailed, and the importance of ATP in both processes is emphasized. The analogy of exercise and the necessity of food as a source of energy for the body are used to explain the role of ATP in cellular respiration.

05:02

🔋 Cellular Respiration and Its Comparison with Photosynthesis

The second paragraph focuses on cellular respiration, the process by which organisms derive energy from food. It contrasts photosynthesis and cellular respiration, highlighting their differences in energy requirements, reactants, products, and the organisms and locations where they occur. The paragraph emphasizes the complementary nature of these processes, with cellular respiration releasing energy from glucose and oxygen, and photosynthesis absorbing energy to produce glucose and oxygen. The standard equations for both processes are presented, illustrating their inverse relationship and the importance of maintaining atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The paragraph concludes with a series of questions aimed at reinforcing the understanding of these concepts.

10:04

🌱 Photosynthesis: The Energy Conversion Process

This paragraph continues the discussion on photosynthesis, emphasizing its role in energy conversion. It describes how chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. The paragraph outlines the light-dependent reactions occurring in the thylakoid membrane and the light-independent reactions in the stroma, detailing the concepts of photosynthesis and respiration. It encourages learners to illustrate and label the equation for photosynthesis accurately, reinforcing the understanding of this vital process.

15:06

🫀 Cellular Respiration: The Energy Extraction Process

The final paragraph focuses on cellular respiration, detailing how it uses oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. It explains both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, highlighting the role of oxygen in the process. The paragraph provides a task for learners to illustrate and label the equation for cellular respiration. It also includes an activity where learners identify terms related to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. The paragraph concludes with a comparison table between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, summarizing the key differences and similarities between these two essential biological processes.

Keywords

💡Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments. It involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy. In the script, photosynthesis is described as the process of making food for plants, which is essential for their growth and for producing oxygen that is vital for life on Earth.

💡Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in the chloroplasts of plants that plays a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight. The script mentions that chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs photons or energy from the sun, which is then used to power the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

💡Calvin Cycle

The Calvin Cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions or dark reactions, is the part of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light. It uses the energy stored in ATP and NADPH, produced during the light-dependent reactions, to fix carbon dioxide into glucose. The script explains that the Calvin Cycle is a key part of photosynthesis that happens without direct sunlight.

💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, used to power various cellular processes. In the context of the script, ATP is produced during photosynthesis and is also used in cellular respiration. It is described as the molecule that provides energy for cells, akin to fuel in a car.

💡Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. The script contrasts photosynthesis with cellular respiration, highlighting that while photosynthesis captures energy from the sun to produce glucose, cellular respiration releases energy from glucose for the cell's use.

💡Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the organelles found in eukaryotic cells known as the 'powerhouses' because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy. In the script, it is mentioned that cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

💡Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar that is a primary source of energy for cellular activities. In the script, glucose is highlighted as a product of photosynthesis and a reactant in cellular respiration. It is the molecule that plants produce and animals consume for energy.

💡Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a compound that plays a dual role in the script: it is a reactant in photosynthesis, where it is used by plants to produce glucose and oxygen, and a product of cellular respiration, where it is released as a waste product. The script emphasizes the exchange of carbon dioxide between plants and animals, illustrating the interconnectedness of life processes.

💡Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that use the flow of electrons to create a proton gradient across a membrane, which drives the synthesis of ATP. The script mentions that both photosynthesis and cellular respiration utilize the electron transport chain, highlighting the importance of this process in energy conversion within cells.

💡Thylakoid

Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments within the chloroplasts of plants where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. The script describes how thylakoids are the site where chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then used to produce ATP and NADPH.

💡Stroma

The stroma is the aqueous phase within chloroplasts where the Calvin Cycle takes place. The script explains that the stroma is where light-independent reactions occur, which is a part of photosynthesis that does not require light and is focused on carbon fixation.

Highlights

Photosynthesis is the process of making food for plants using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis formula: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Photosynthesis involves light-dependent reactions at the thylakoid and light-independent reactions at the stroma.

Light-dependent reactions require light and involve chlorophyll absorbing photons.

Light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, do not require light.

Reactants for light-dependent reactions are water, NADP+, and ADP+ with phosphorus.

Products of light-dependent reactions are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

Reactants for light-independent reactions are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.

Products of light-independent reactions are glucose, NAD+, and ADP with phosphorus.

Both photosynthesis processes require and generate ATP.

Exercise is compared to a car needing fuel, emphasizing the importance of food as a source of energy.

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the molecule that provides energy to our cells.

Cellular respiration is the process of deriving energy from food.

Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen to produce energy, with carbon dioxide and water as by-products.

Glucose is converted into energy by adding six molecules of oxygen, resulting in carbon dioxide and water.

ATP is referred to as the currency of biological energy.

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are complementary processes.

Photosynthesis absorbs energy, while cellular respiration releases energy.

Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria, while photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.

The products of cellular respiration are reactants for photosynthesis, maintaining atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The ecosystem relies on the cycle of photosynthesis and respiration for survival.

Learning task involves observing the exchange of materials during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, while respiration occurs in mitochondria.

Light energy is needed for photosynthesis, while chemical energy is needed for cellular respiration.

Carbon dioxide and water are materials needed during photosynthesis.

Illustrating the equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a key learning task.

Cellular respiration can occur aerobically or anaerobically.

The equation of cellular respiration is glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are compared in terms of process, energy requirement, reactants, products, organisms, glucose role, time, and location.

Transcripts

last time we discussed photosynthesis

we learned the process of making food

for plants

it involves the energy from the sun

water and carbon dioxide

it gives off oxygen and makes simple

sugar like glucose

the standard formula for photosynthesis

is six atoms of carbon dioxide plus

water through the energy from the sun

absorbed by the chlorophyll will yield

glucose and oxygen

we also discussed about the processes

involved in it such as the photo part

and the synthesis part

the photo part covers the light

dependent reactions and the synthesis

part covers the light independent

reactions

the light independent reactions is also

known as the calvin cycle or the dark

reactions

again let us review them by looking at

the table of comparison

light dependent reactions happen at the

thylakoid where the chlorophyll a green

pigment of the plant absorbs the photons

or energy from the sun while the light

independent reactions happens at the

stroma

light dependent reactions require the

presence of light while

light-independent reactions do not

the reactants for the light dependent

reactions are

water

nadp plus and adb plus phosphorus

while the reactants for light

independent reactions are carbon dioxide

atp and nadph

the products of light dependent

reactions are oxygen

atp

and nadph

while the products of the light

independent reactions are glucose

nad plus

and adp plus phosphorus

both processes require and generate atp

both utilizes the electron transport

chain through oxidation reduction and

both utilizes the atp synthase

[Music]

did you see that kind of extreme

exercise

when you do an exercise you move the

different parts of your body just like

your arms and your legs

learners i encourage you that even

though you are at home you should make

an exercise by just simply sweeping the

floor cleaning the house or folding your

clothes

just like a car it has to have enough

fuel inside its tank for it to run

otherwise you will not be able to go to

any place

food is essentially a source of energy

for our body

have you experienced skipping a meal

it feels so terrible

you're like a cell phone with low

battery charge you cannot move actively

you become dull and weak

that is almost hard for you to push or

pull objects

what is it with the food that makes it a

source of energy

it is the molecule called the atp or

adenosine triphosphate

there is a process that our cells go

through to provide themselves with power

the process is called cellular

respiration

it is how we derive energy from the food

that we eat

most of the food that we eat like rice

bread cereals and many more turning into

glucose

cellular respiration requires glucose

and oxygen to produce energy while the

carbon dioxide and water are the

by-products

before we can use the glucose from the

food that we eat into a usable form of

energy

it has to be converted first

we have the chemical formula for one

molecule of glucose

it is c6 h12 and o6

and in order to turn this glucose into

energy we need to add six molecules of

oxygen

now we are going to turn the glucose and

oxygen into molecules of carbon dioxide

and six molecules of water

again glucose and oxygen are the

reactants while carbon dioxide water and

atp are the products

now do you think we can use it already

not yet our body still has to turn it

into a more specific form of stored

energy and we call it as atp or

adenosine triphosphate it is sometimes

referred to as the currency of

biological energy

the same goes with energy

before we can use it it has to be

converted into atp and that is the only

way we can use it as a form of usable

energy it is evident in many life

processes such as moving

growing and creating impulses in the

brain among others

now let us compare cellular respiration

and

photosynthesis in terms of process

cellular respiration is a process that

releases energy

while photosynthesis is a process that

absorbs energy

in terms of energy requirement

cell respiration uses chemical energy

from the food while photosynthesis uses

light energy from the sun

in terms of reactants

cellular respiration uses glucose and

oxygen while photosynthesis uses carbon

dioxide and water

in terms of their products cellular

respiration produces carbon dioxide and

water while in photosynthesis are

glucose and oxygen

in terms of organisms cellular

respiration occurs in plants and animals

while photosynthesis occurs in all green

plants

in terms of the role of glucose in

cellular respiration glucose is broken

down while in photosynthesis glucose is

produced

in terms of time cellular respiration

occurs in all times while photosynthesis

happens only in the presence of light

and in terms of sight

cellular respiration takes place at the

mitochondria

while the photosynthesis takes place in

the chloroplasts

the two biological reactions that

complement each other in the environment

are photosynthesis

and respiration

that occur in reverse manner in the

process of respiration oxygen and

glucose yield water and carbon dioxide

while carbon dioxide and water yields

glucose and oxygen in photosynthesis

both photosynthesis and respiration can

function enough as living organisms

provide carbon dioxide for plants that

undergo photosynthesis and produces

glucose

bacteria and plants release oxygen that

is required for all living organisms for

respiration the standard equation for

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

are almost opposite processes meaning

the interchange of oxygen and carbon

dioxide by cellular respiration and

photosynthesis helps in maintaining both

atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide

and differ in the form of energy that is

being absorbed or released

notice that the products of cellular

respiration became the reactants of

photosynthesis

they really complement each other

this is exactly what is happening in our

ecosystem

plants absorb carbon dioxide released by

animals

it also absorbs water from the

environment through the help of the

sunlight upon absorption

they form glucose and oxygen that

animals need for them to produce carbon

dioxide and water

that plants need

it is just a cycle

wow such a complex process

that is why all of us are interconnected

we need one another to survive

for our learning task number one you

will observe the diagram showing the

exchange of materials during

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

then you will answer the guide questions

here are the questions number one in

which part of the cell does

photosynthesis happen

number two in which part of the cell

does respiration happen

question number three what energy is

needed by the photosynthetic organisms

during the process of photosynthesis

number four what energy is needed by

organisms during cell respiration

and number five what are the materials

needed during photosynthesis

let us answer question number one

in which part of the cell does

photosynthesis happen

the answer is

chloroplasts

let us answer question number two

in which part of the cell does

respiration happen

the answer is

mitochondria

let us answer question number three

what energy is needed by photosynthetic

organisms during the process of

photosynthesis

the answer is

light energy

let us answer question number four

what energy is needed by organisms

during cell respiration

the answer is

chemical energy

let us answer question number five

what are the materials

needed during photosynthesis

the answer is carbon dioxide and water

get ready for the learning task number

two

photosynthesis is the process used by

plants and some bacteria to create

energy from sunlight chlorophyll is the

green pigment in plants that is

responsible for this conversion process

during photosynthesis

phototrophs use energy from the sun

along with carbon dioxide and water to

form glucose and oxygen

can you illustrate the equation for

photosynthesis

go ahead you will also label it properly

[Music]

light dependent thylakoid uses light

energy atp and nadph

and the light independent or dark

reaction stroma fixation reduction no

sunlight needed concepts include

photosynthesis and respiration

good job now we will proceed to learning

task number three

respiration process and equation

respiration is the process of taking

oxygen from the air and cycling it

through the lungs which then gives

oxygen to blood to be used in the body

the carbon dioxide waste is expelled out

of the lungs cellular respiration uses

glucose or sugars from the food

molecules and turn them into carbon

dioxide water and atp a nucleotide

essential to the body

cellular respiration can occur both

aerobically

using oxygen or anaerobically without

oxygen

during aerobic cellular respiration

glucose reacts with oxygen forming atp

that can be used by the cell

carbon dioxide and water are created as

byproduct

your task is to illustrate the equation

of cellular respiration and label it

properly

okay let's answer the equation for

cellular respiration is glucose plus six

atoms of oxygen will yield six atoms of

carbon dioxide plus six atoms of water

plus atp

nice try learners you always have the

time to practice

now in the next activity you will

identify the term by reading the

description

question number one the process

happening inside the cell of organisms

is

the answer is cellular

respiration number two the primary

energy carrier in living things is

the answer is adenosine triphosphate or

atp

number three cellular respiration occurs

in the

the answer is mitochondria

number four

the jelly-like substance that fills the

space between is

the answer is the cytoplasm

number five

the process that requires oxygen is

the answer is aerobic

number six the process that does not

require oxygen is

the answer is anaerobic

in number seven

an anaerobic pathway for breaking down

glucose is

the answer is fermentation

marvelous nice try grade nine and for

the last activity

you will complete the table of

comparison between photosynthesis and

cellular respiration

[Music]

and here are the answers number one it

happens in all organisms specifically in

aerobic

number two the process occurs in the

chloroplast

number three the reactants are glucose

and oxygen

number four the products are glucose and

oxygen and number five it undergoes

catabolic process

learners i hope you learned something

from today's episode about

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

[Music]