Teori Konstruksi Realitas Sosial: Peter L. Berger

Summary

This script delves into the social construction of reality through Peter L. Berger's theory, explaining how social facts are created and accepted or rejected by different societies. It outlines three stages of this process: externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The speaker uses examples like the varying acceptance of LGBT rights to illustrate how societies construct and interpret social realities differently. The discussion encourages questioning societal norms and understanding the constructed nature of social phenomena.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The concept of social reality is shaped through a process of externalization, objectivation, and internalization.
• 🏛 Social institutions like marriage and schools are examples of social realities that are constructed and accepted differently across various societies.
• 🏫 The theory of social construction of reality, proposed by Peter L. Berger, suggests that social facts are created by society and can be accepted or rejected based on societal norms.
• 👨‍🏫 Peter L. Berger, an Austrian sociologist, introduced the idea that individuals construct meanings of social realities based on their subjective understanding and collective agreements within society.
• 🤔 The process of externalization involves individuals attributing meaning to social phenomena, which then becomes an objective reality outside of the individual.
• 🔄 Objectivation is the stage where the constructed social reality takes on a life of its own, independent of the individuals who created it, and begins to influence society.
• 🧠 Internalization is the process by which individuals learn and adopt the meanings of social realities that have been objectified by society.
• 🌟 Berger's theory highlights that social realities are not static but are continuously constructed and reconstructed through social interactions.
• 🌈 The acceptance or rejection of a social reality in one society versus another can be understood through the lens of how that reality is constructed and perceived within each society.
• 📚 For a deeper understanding of social construction theory, one can refer to Berger's book 'The Social Construction of Reality' or explore other sociological works that discuss this concept.

Q & A

What is the social construction of reality according to the script?

The social construction of reality refers to the process through which society creates and accepts certain realities. This is achieved through three stages: externalization, objectivation, and internalization. These stages explain how individual perceptions are shaped into collective societal norms.

What are the three stages of social reality construction?

The three stages of social reality construction are: 1) Externalization: when individuals express their understanding of reality, 2) Objectivation: when this understanding becomes a shared social reality outside the individual, and 3) Internalization: when individuals adopt and learn the established social reality through processes like socialization.

Who introduced the theory of social construction of reality?

The theory of social construction of reality was introduced by American sociologist Peter L. Berger, who is well-known in both the United States and Indonesia for his contributions to sociology.

How does the concept of social construction explain why some social realities are accepted in one society but rejected in another?

The concept of social construction explains that different societies construct realities based on their cultural, historical, and social contexts. For example, LGBTQ+ rights may be accepted in one society but rejected in another due to varying social constructions of what is considered acceptable or moral.

What role does habituation play in social construction?

Habituation refers to the repeated behaviors or norms individuals follow in their society. Over time, these behaviors become normalized and accepted as part of social reality. This is a key aspect of externalization, where individuals contribute to the creation of social reality based on their habitual actions.

What is meant by 'subjective meaning' in the context of social construction?

Subjective meaning refers to the individual's personal interpretation of reality, which is influenced by their experiences and knowledge. Different individuals may assign different meanings to the same object or event based on their cultural and social background.

How does 'objective reality' differ from 'subjective meaning' in the theory of social construction?

Objective reality is the shared, external reality that exists independently of individuals, formed through collective understanding. It contrasts with subjective meaning, which is the individual interpretation of reality. While individuals may see things differently, objective reality exists outside personal interpretations.

Can you give an example of how the same object can have different subjective meanings across cultures?

An example from the script is a whiteboard. While an English speaker might call it a 'whiteboard,' an Arabic speaker would call it 'saburoh.' Although the object is the same, the names and meanings assigned to it differ based on each culture's subjective understanding.

What is the relationship between individual and collective meaning in social construction?

Individual meaning is subjective and personal, but when individuals come together and agree upon a shared meaning, it becomes collective. This collective meaning forms part of the social reality and shapes societal norms and behaviors.

How does social construction theory help explain the differences in societal responses to events like COVID-19?

Social construction theory explains that each society constructs its own understanding of events like COVID-19 based on cultural, historical, and social factors. Some societies may view it as a severe threat requiring strict measures, while others may interpret it differently, leading to varied responses to the pandemic.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Understanding Social Reality Construction

This paragraph introduces the concept of social reality formation through externalization, objectivation, and internalization. It discusses how sociological perspectives help us understand the world by questioning social facts such as marriage and school systems. The text highlights the social acceptance or rejection of the LGBT community as an example of how social realities can vary across different societies. It introduces Peter L. Berger's theory of social construction of reality, explaining that social facts are constructed by societies and can be accepted or rejected based on their construction. The paragraph also touches on the process of how individuals interpret social realities based on their own knowledge and habits, leading to the formation of subjective meanings influenced by collective understandings within a society.

05:01

📚 The Process of Social Reality Construction

This paragraph delves deeper into the three stages of social reality construction: externalization, objectivation, and internalization. It explains that individuals construct subjective meanings based on their own understanding and collective meanings through shared understandings within a society. Objectivation is described as the process where individual understandings become detached from the individual and become a social fact with its own characteristics, such as power and influence. The paragraph also discusses how objectivation leads to the production of new social realities that then influence individuals through a process called internalization, which is achieved through socialization. An example is given where the concept of 'family' is constructed and then becomes a social fact that influences individuals' understanding of what a family is. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding these processes to grasp why certain social realities are accepted in some societies and rejected in others.

10:02

💬 Engaging with Social Realities

The final paragraph invites the audience to reflect on and question various social realities, such as the situation behind the pandemic or other social constructs. It encourages viewers to consider whether these are genuine social realities or mere constructions. The speaker invites comments and discussions, suggesting that further understanding can be gained by reading Peter L. Berger's works, including 'The Social Construction of Reality' and 'The Sacred Canopy'. The paragraph ends with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content and share their thoughts in the comments section.

Keywords

💡Social Reality

Social reality refers to the way in which society collectively understands and interprets the world around them. In the video, this concept is central to understanding how certain social constructs are accepted or rejected by different societies. The example used in the script involves the acceptance of LGBT in one society and its rejection in another, illustrating how social reality is subjective and varies across cultures.

💡Externalization

Externalization is the first step in the process of constructing social reality as described by Peter L. Berger. It involves individuals attributing subjective meanings to objects or phenomena in their environment. The video script uses the example of an individual naming a 'laptop' based on their own understanding and knowledge, which is influenced by their cultural and social background.

💡Objectivation

Objectivation is the second step in Berger's theory of social construction of reality. It is the process by which the subjective meanings assigned by individuals become objectified and are seen as existing independently of the individual. In the video, this is exemplified by how a 'laptop' is not only an individual's perception but also a recognized object in society, with its own set of characteristics and functions.

💡Internalization

Internalization is the third and final step in the construction of social reality. It is the process through which individuals adopt the objectified meanings of social reality as their own. The video explains this through the example of a person interpreting a group of people as a 'family,' a concept that has been socially constructed and then internalized by the individual.

💡Social Construction of Reality

This is the overarching theory proposed by Peter L. Berger, which the video script discusses in detail. It suggests that social reality is not an objective fact but is constructed through a three-step process involving externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The video uses various examples to illustrate how different societies may construct and interpret reality differently.

💡Peter L. Berger

Peter L. Berger is a sociologist whose work is central to the video's discussion. He is known for his theory of the social construction of reality. The video mentions his background, including his birth in Vienna, Austria, and his academic career in the United States, where he developed his influential theories.

💡Habitus

Habitus, a concept borrowed from Pierre Bourdieu, refers to the set of dispositions, or habits, that individuals develop within their social environment. In the video, it is mentioned in the context of how individuals use their 'stock of knowledge' to interpret and give meaning to social phenomena, such as naming a 'laptop' or a 'whiteboard' based on their cultural habits.

💡Subjective Meaning

Subjective meaning refers to the personal interpretations and understandings that individuals have of social reality. The video explains that these meanings are shaped by an individual's 'stock of knowledge' and cultural background, leading to different subjective meanings for the same social phenomenon, such as how a 'laptop' might be named differently across cultures.

💡Collective Meaning

Collective meaning is the shared understanding that emerges within a society about a particular social phenomenon. The video discusses how individual subjective meanings come together to form a collective meaning, which then becomes part of the social reality. An example given is the concept of 'family,' which is constructed and shared among individuals within a society.

💡Socialization

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors of their society. In the video, it is mentioned as the process through which internalization occurs, where individuals adopt the meanings and understandings of social reality that have been objectified by society.

💡Pandemic

The term 'pandemic' is used in the video to pose a question about the social reality behind situations like COVID-19. It invites viewers to consider whether the social constructs and responses to pandemics are also socially constructed, highlighting the theory's application to contemporary and complex social issues.

Highlights

The concept of social reality is formed through three stages of externalization, objectivation, and internalization.

Sociology helps us understand the world by examining social constructs.

Social institutions like marriage and schools are often taken for granted but can be questioned.

The acceptance or rejection of social realities varies across different societies, exemplified by the LGBT community.

Social construction of reality theory was proposed by sociologist Peter L. Berger.

Peter L. Berger was born in Vienna, Austria, and later moved to the United States to pursue his academic career.

The process of social construction involves externalization, where individuals attribute meaning to social realities based on their own understanding.

Objectivation is the stage where a social reality becomes an objective fact, independent of the individual.

Internalization is the process through which individuals learn and incorporate societal meanings into their own understanding.

The meaning of a social reality can be both subjective and collective, influenced by individual and societal interpretations.

The example of different names for the same object (laptop, papan tulis, whiteboard) illustrates the diversity in social construction.

Social realities are not dependent on individual constructions but are influenced by collective understandings.

The theory of social construction of reality helps explain why certain social facts are accepted in one society but rejected in another.

Peter L. Berger's work can be further explored in his book 'The Social Construction of Reality'.

The concept of social construction can be applied to understanding the social realities behind phenomena like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Encouragement for the audience to question and explore the social constructions in their lives.

Invitation for the audience to share their thoughts and comments on the discussed topics.

Transcripts

Hai pembentukan realitas sosial itu

melalui tiga tahap tahap eksternalisasi

tahap objektivasi dan tak bertemu

kembali dengan channel perspektif

sosiologi kacamata memahami dunia

sahabat bersyukur G Pernahkah anda

mempertanyakan sebuah kenyataan sosial

tertentu bisanya mempertanyakan tentang

lembaga pernikahan tentang sekolah dan

lain-lain mungkin tidak pernah kita

menganggapnya itu sebagai sebuah

kenyataan yang lumrah atau Tekken for

grade tetapi Mari kita bertanya tentang

sesuatu yang mungkin di sebuah tempat

ditolak tetapi di tempat yang lain

diterima kita mempertanyakan sebuah

realitas sosial tertentu yang disatu

tempat itu diterima tetapi di tempat

yang lain ditolak biasanya

biasanya lgbt lgbt adalah sebuah

kenyataan sosial yang di satu masyarakat

itu diterima tetapi di masyarakat yang

lain ditolak biasanya

Hai jawabannya adalah akan kita lihat

Pada perspektif sosiologi kita akan

meminjam sebuah teori yang disebut

sebagai teori konstruksi realitas sosial

atau social construction of reality

Teori ini dikemukakan oleh seorang

sosiolog Amerika yang sangat populer di

Indonesia juga banyak dikenal

pemikirannya yang bernama Twitter l

berger sosiologi ini lahir di Wina

Austria pada tahun 1929 kemudian karir

pendidikannya dari itu diselesaikan di

Amerika jadi biar berpindah dari Wina

pada sekitar periode setelah perang

dunia kedua dia pindah ke Amerika dan

kemudian meniti karir sebagai akademisi

di Amerika sudutnya diselesaikan di

sebuah perguruan tinggi dalam apa bidang

news

school for social research New York pada

tahun 1952 saya kembali pada pertanyaan

yang tadi Bagaimana sebuah realitas

sosial bisa diterima dalam sebuah

masyarakat tetapi ditolak pada

masyarakat yang lain jawabannya adalah

karena realitas sosial tersebut

kenyataan sosial seperti itu

dikonstruksi oleh masyarakat jadi karena

dia dikonstruksi maka ada yang diterima

dan ada yang menolak saya akan

menjelaskan sarat hanaba gaimana sebuah

proses konstruksi sosial itu berlangsung

bisanya saya sebagai seorang individu

maka akan menyebut sebuah realitas

sosial tertentu sesuai dengan makna

kemampuan yang ada pada diri saya Saya

akan misalnya Contohkan bahwa Sean

memegang sebuah benda tertentu ini saya

sebut sebagai laptop Kenapa Saya

menyebut laptop karena dalam pemikiran

saya ada Subway

How much ada stock of noise ada sebuah

cadangan pengetahuan yang mungkin saya

pernah dapatkan dari suatu tempat atau

dari siapapun maka ketika melihat

realitas tersebut saya menyebutnya

sesuai dengan stok of Norwegia yang ada

pada kepala saya begitu lalu apa Saya

akan menyebutkan Talisa tersebut sesuai

dengan kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang ada pada

diri saya ada yang disebut segar sebagai

proses habituasi atau proses pembiasaan

Nah itulah yang disebut sebagai proses

pembentukan realitas jadi ada proses

yang disebut eksternalisasi burger

kemudian menyebutkan tiga tahapan dalam

proses konstruksi sosial tersebut yang

pertama ada yang disebut dengan

eksternalisasi Kemudian yang kedua ada

proses objektivasi dan yang ketiga ada

proses internalisasi kayak tunjukkan

dalam sebuah gambar ini

Hai jadi internalisasi adalah proses

dimana individu itu melihat kenyataan

sosial melihat realitas sosial lalu dia

akan memahami sesuai dengan pemahaman

subjektif gereja pemahaman subjektif itu

akan dipengaruhi oleh stop of 0ig

cadangan pengetahuan yang ada pada

kepala orang tersebut dan dia akan

memaknai realitas tersebut sesuai dengan

kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang ada pada

masyarakatnya kalau benda ini benda yang

saya pegang maka saya akan disebut

sebagai papan tulis Kenapa Saya menyebut

benda ini sebagai papan tulis Karena

stok nulis dalam kepala saya itu

menyebutkan realitas sosial tersebut

sebagai papan tulis dan saya akan

menyebut sesuai dengan kebiasaan dimana

saya hidup itu nah penyebutan itu adalah

yang disebut sebagai makna subjektif

pada diri saya tetapi pada realita

tersendiri benda ini juga memiliki

sebuah Silet realitas tersendiri jadi

realitas pada benda ini itu tidak

tergantung pada realitas yang saya

konstruksi begitu sama juga dengan yang

lain yang lain akan memahami memaknai

realitas yang sama tetapi dengan

pemahaman subjektifnya masing-masing

saya ambil contoh misalnya Saya menyebut

ini sebagai papan tulis tetapi kalau

orang Arab menyebutnya in saburoh lalu

orang Inggris misalnya menyebut sebagai

whiteboard realitasnya sama Bendanya

sama tetapi kita menyebut dengan

pembahasan yang berbeda-beda kenapa bisa

berbeda yang tadi itu disebut sebagai

pertama ada makna subjektif kemudian ada

makna kolektif mana subjek itu makna

yang dilakukan oleh individu lalu

individu-individu dalam sebuah

masyarakat itu mempertemukan kemudian

membuat sebuah pemaknaan bersama dan itu

yang disebut sebagai

makna kolektif makna bersama yang nanti

akan menjadi sebuah bahasa proses yang

kedua adalah yang disebut sebagai

objektivasi objektivasi itu adalah

ketika Si individu memahami realitas

sosial Maka realitas sosial tersebut

lepas dari individunya dia berada diluar

individu maka menjadi sebuah kenyataan

sosial tersendiri nah ketika menjadi

sebuah kenyataan sendiri dia terlepas

dari individu maka dia akan berubah atau

memiliki unsur-unsur yang lain misalnya

dia memiliki apa namanya kekuatan qxip

bahkan juga memiliki pengaruh pembuatan

makna dan lain-lain Nah objektivasi itu

adalah sebuah kenyataan yang ada di luar

individu tetapi objek-objek tivasi juga

diproduksi oleh individu menjadi sebuah

realitas tersendiri lalu kemudian

objektifikasi itu juga memproduksi in

itu jadi sudah terbentuk menjadi

realitas di luar lalu dia akan

mempengaruhi memproduksi

individu-individu mempelajari atau

memaknai objektivasi yang sudah ada di

luar dengan cara atau proses yang

disebut oleh burger sebagai proses

internalisasi jadi internalisasi itu

didapatkan melalui proses misalnya

shosite sosialisasi jadi ada tiga tahap

ada PHP Excel lisasi kemudian dada

objektivasi kemudian ada internalisasi

saya akan ilustrasikan dalam sebuah

contoh misalnya ketika saya melihat

sekumpulan orang misalnya ada dua orang

dewasa dan dua orang anak kecil maka

saya memaknai itu sebagai keluarga nah

konsep keluarga Itu adalah sebuah

produksi yang dilakukan dikonstruksi

oleh individu lalu kemudian menjadi

sebuah realitas yang ada di luar

individu menjadi sebuah kenyataan

tersendiri namanya keluarga-keluarga ini

adalah sebuah kenyataan

objektif pada akhirnya lalu ini menjadi

berpengaruh pada individu-individu akan

mempelajari konsep keluarga maka itu

adalah yang disebut sebagai proses

internalisasi jadi yang dimaksud dengan

konstruksi realitas sosial adalah tiga

tahapan tadi yang pertama ada

eksternalisasi yang kedua ada

objektivasi dan yang ketiga ada

internalisasi semua realitas sosial

menurut teorinya Peter l berger ini

dibentuk melalui tiga tahapan tadi Nah

karena itu kita akan bisa memahami dan

memaklumi Kenapa satu realitas sosial

tertentu atau kenyataan sosial tertentu

itu diterima oleh masyarakat tertentu

dan ditolak oleh masyarakat yang lain

penjelasan lebih lengkap tentang teori

ini bisa sahabat tercetus sosiologi

dapatkan dalam buku Peter l berger

sendiri diantaranya ada yang disebut

dengan bukunya berjudul social

construction of

tapi dan juga bisa membaca buku The

Secret kanopi atau dalam edisi bahasa

Indonesia diterjemahkan menjadi langit

Suci nah kembali pada pertanyaan di awal

yang ingin saya Kemukakan di sini kita

semua menerima atau menemui berbagai

realitas sosial kenyataan sosial yang

belum tentu kita terima belum tentu kita

jadikan sebagai sebuah realitas yang

akan kita laksanakan banyak hal

kenyataan dalam kehidupan kita yang itu

adalah hasil sebuah kontruksi sosial

misalnya Apakah anda bisa bertanya apa

sesungguhnya realitas sosial dibalik

situasi pandemi seperti ini dibalik

Coffin 19 atau misalnya apa-apa

Hai realitas sosial tentang Carry

semisalnya sebuah konstruksi sosial atau

bukan

Hai jawaban anda komentar anda akan saya

tunggu dalam komentar di bawah ini

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