Proofreading Marks

Summary

This educational video introduces proofreading marks, essential for correcting grammar in writing. The instructor outlines objectives, including understanding editing, proofreading, and copy editing as synonymous terms. The video demonstrates various marks for errors like spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and sentence structure. It also covers how to add or remove spaces, reverse word order, and indicate new paragraphs. The goal is for viewers to learn to use these marks effectively by the unit's end, with a quiz to test their knowledge.

Takeaways

• 📚 The first grammar unit of the year focuses on proofreading marks.
• 🔍 The objectives include understanding that editing, proofreading, and copy editing are synonymous.
• 📝 Standard proofreading marks are used to avoid confusion when correcting writing.
• 🔤 Spelling errors are indicated by circling the misspelled word and noting 'SP' above it.
• ↗️ Capitalization errors are corrected by underlining the letter to be capitalized or by striking through if it's incorrectly capitalized.
• 🗣️ Quotation marks are added using the upside-down caret symbol above the dialogue.
• 🔄 Apostrophes are marked for addition with the upside-down carrot symbol above the intended location.
• 🔽 Commas and other punctuation are added with the upside-down carrot below the insertion point.
• 🔄 Words or letters that need to be reversed are indicated with a reverse arrow or curved line.
• ❌ Deletions are marked with a squiggly line, known as a 'squiggly pigtail', through the word.
• 🔗 Spaces are added between words or letters using a slash or a hashtag symbol.
• 🔒 Closing spaces between words that should be one word is shown with sideways parentheses.
• 📑 The new paragraph mark, resembling a backward 'P', is used to indicate a paragraph break, especially in dialogue.
• 📆 Students will receive a packet of work and can take a quiz on proofreading marks on Friday.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the first grammar unit in the video?

The main focus of the first grammar unit is learning proofreading marks.

What are the objectives for the proofreading unit by the end of the video?

By the end of the unit, viewers should understand that editing, proofreading, and copy editing are synonyms, and they should be able to use and read standard proofreading marks to correct writing.

How is a spelling error indicated in proofreading?

A spelling error is indicated by circling the misspelled word and putting 'SP' with a period above it.

What mark is used to indicate a need for capitalization in proofreading?

Three lines are put under the letter that needs to be capitalized.

How do you show the need to add quotation marks in a sentence?

The upside-down caret is used to indicate where quotation marks need to be added.

What is the proofreading mark for adding an apostrophe?

The upside-down carrot is used on top of where the apostrophe needs to be added.

How do you indicate the need for a comma in a sentence using proofreading marks?

An upside-down carrot is placed underneath where the comma needs to go.

What proofreading mark is used to reverse the order of words or letters?

A little reverse doohickey, which can be a straight or curved line, is used to indicate the need to reverse words or letters.

How do you show that a word should be deleted in proofreading?

A little squiggly pigtail is used to indicate that a word should be deleted.

What mark is used to add a space between letters or words in proofreading?

A slash or a hashtag is used to indicate where a space should be added.

How do you show that two words should be one in proofreading?

Sideways parentheses are used to indicate that two words should be combined into one.

What is the proofreading mark for starting a new paragraph?

A backward P with two lines is used to indicate the start of a new paragraph.

When will the packet of work related to proofreading marks be given to the students?

The packet of work will be given to the students when they arrive in class on Friday.

How can students suggest improvements for the video series?

Students can suggest improvements by telling the instructor, as mentioned in the video.

Outlines

00:00

📝 Introduction to Proofreading Marks

This paragraph introduces the concept of proofreading marks, emphasizing their importance in editing and correcting written work. The instructor explains that by the end of the unit, students should be able to understand and use these marks effectively. The paragraph outlines various proofreading marks, such as circling for spelling errors, underlining for capitalization, and the use of upside-down carets for adding quotation marks. It also covers the use of marks for adding punctuation like commas, periods, and apostrophes, as well as how to indicate the need for reversing words or letters. The instructor demonstrates each mark with examples and explains their purpose in the editing process.

05:02

🔄 Advanced Proofreading Techniques

The second paragraph delves into more advanced proofreading techniques, such as using a squiggly line to delete unnecessary words and a hashtag to add spaces between words or letters. It also discusses the use of sideways parentheses to indicate that two words should be combined into one. The instructor provides examples of how to correct spacing issues before punctuation and introduces the 'new paragraph' mark, which resembles a backward 'P'. This mark is used to denote a change in speaker or a new paragraph in dialogue. The paragraph concludes with the instructor mentioning the distribution of a packet for further practice and the anticipation of conducting a quiz on the learned material.

Keywords

💡Proofreading Marks

Proofreading marks are symbols used to indicate corrections in written documents. In the video, these marks are essential for students to learn as they are used to correct grammar and improve the quality of writing. Examples include circling a misspelled word and using an upside-down carrot to indicate where a comma should be added.

💡Editing

Editing refers to the process of reviewing and revising written material to improve its quality. The video emphasizes that editing, proofreading, and copy editing are synonymous terms, all aimed at enhancing the clarity and correctness of text. The instructor's goal is for students to understand these processes by the end of the unit.

💡Cheat Sheet

A cheat sheet in this context is a quick reference guide that lists the proofreading marks and their uses. The video mentions that a cheat sheet will be provided to help students remember the various marks and how to apply them, which is crucial for their learning and application of proofreading skills.

💡Spelling Errors

Spelling errors are mistakes in the written form of words. The video script describes how to correct these by circling the misspelled word and using 'SP' with a period to indicate a spelling error. This is a fundamental aspect of proofreading that helps improve the accuracy of written communication.

💡Capitalization

Capitalization refers to the use of uppercase letters at the beginning of sentences, proper nouns, and other specific cases. The video explains how to correct capitalization errors by using three lines under the letter that should be capitalized or a slash through a letter that is incorrectly capitalized.

💡Punctuation

Punctuation includes the use of various symbols like commas, periods, and quotation marks to structure written language. The video provides examples of how to use proofreading marks to correct punctuation, such as using an upside-down carrot to show where a comma or period should be added.

💡Quotation Marks

Quotation marks are used to indicate direct speech or the inclusion of a quote within a text. The video script instructs viewers to use an upside-down caret to denote where quotation marks should be added, which is important for correctly attributing speech and maintaining the integrity of quoted material.

💡Apostrophe

An apostrophe is used to indicate possession or to form contractions. The video explains that an upside-down carrot should be used to mark where an apostrophe is needed, which is crucial for showing possession in written English.

💡Comma

A comma is a punctuation mark used to separate items in a list, clauses, or to indicate a pause. The video script provides an example of using an upside-down carrot underneath where a comma should be added, highlighting the importance of commas in ensuring clarity and readability.

💡Reverse Words/Letters

This concept refers to the action of switching the order of words or letters to correct a sentence. The video describes using a 'reverse doohickey' or a curved line to indicate that words or letters need to be reversed, which is a common correction in proofreading to ensure proper sentence structure.

💡New Paragraph

A new paragraph is a formatting element used to separate different sections or points in a text. The video mentions using a backward 'P' with two lines to indicate where a new paragraph should start, especially in dialogue, which helps in organizing the text and improving readability.

Highlights

Introduction to the first grammar unit focusing on proofreading marks.

Objectives for the proofreading unit include understanding that editing, proofreading, and copy editing are synonymous.

Emphasis on using standard proofreading marks for clarity in corrections.

By the end of the unit, students should be able to use and understand proofreading marks.

Explanation of how to indicate spelling errors with a circle and 'SP' notation.

Capitalization errors are corrected by underlining the letter to be capitalized.

Lowercase errors are fixed by striking through the incorrectly capitalized letter.

Quotation marks are added using an upside-down caret mark.

Apostrophes are indicated for addition with an upside-down carrot mark.

Commas and other punctuation are added with an upside-down carrot underneath.

Punctuation errors are also indicated by circling the missing punctuation.

Reversing the order of words or letters is shown with a reverse 'doohickey' mark.

Deletion of words is marked with a squiggly 'pigtail' line.

Adding spaces is indicated by a slash or a hashtag between words.

Closing spaces, where two words are incorrectly separated, is shown with sideways parentheses.

New paragraph marks are denoted by a backward 'P' with two lines, especially in dialogue.

Students will receive a packet of work and a quiz to test their understanding of proofreading marks.

The instructor invites suggestions for future videos and ends the video.

Transcripts

hey guys welcome to our first grammar

video our first grammar unit this year

is proofreading marks every time we go

through one of these units I will give

you a list of objectives these are the

things that I am intending for you to

learn as you're going through this unit

so the objectives for proofreading by

the end of this unit and yes I have a

cheat sheet you will understand that

editing proofreading and copy editing

are all the same thing

they are synonyms they basically mean

marks that you would use to correct a

piece of writing for grammar we like to

use standard proofreading marks so that

it's not confusing basically if your

peer edits your paper or if your teacher

and it's your paper you know exactly the

marks that they're making and what kind

of changes you should make to your

writing so by the end of this unit you

should be able to use the proper

proofreading marks to indicate an error

in writing and you should also be able

to read proofreading marks so that you

can make the appropriate Corrections in

your own writing so today I am

essentially just going to go through the

list of proofreading marks and show you

how to use them so first we have

spelling errors the way that we show a

spelling error is to circle the word

that is misspelled and yes that is not

how you spell misspelled and put an S P

and a period above it capitalization is

the next one so if a word needs to be

capitalized you simply put three lines

under the letter that is to be

capitalized lowercase if a letter is

capitalized and it should not be all you

do is put a slash through that letter

when you need to add quotation marks to

something you need to use the upside

down caret

so you rock he said that's a piece of

dialogue it needs a quotation mark there

and a quotation mark there it's supposed

to be after the

if we need to add an apostrophe again we

use the upside-down carrot on top of

where the apostrophe needs to go you are

awesome

we need an apostrophe to show that this

means you are awesome if we need to add

a comma in a sentence we use the

upside-down carrot underneath where the

comma needs to go first eat the apple

well first is an introductory word so we

need to put a comma right there this

works for periods colons semicolons

exclamation marks and question marks you

are amazing I would probably put an

exclamation point there and I just need

to circle it that way I can point out to

who's ever paper it is that they are

missing that punctuation if I need to

reverse some words or some letters then

I use this little reverse do when we

need to add a piece of punctuation to

the end of a sentence or in the middle

sometimes all we have to do is add the

punctuation and then circle it this

works for periods colons semicolons

exclamation marks and question marks you

are amazing I would probably put an

exclamation point there and I just need

to circle it that way I can point out to

who's ever paper it is that they are

missing that punctuation if I need to

reverse some words or some letters then

I use this little reverse doohickey you

can do it with straight lines or you can

do it with a curved line so he too array

in the store does it make sense we

needed to say he ran to the store we

need to reverse reverse so if I do this

little number it shows me that I need to

reverse these words what I need to

delete a word I get to use a little

squiggly pigtail here and ran to the

store too many rands I can just do this

and that shows me that I need to delete

that word

if I need to add a space in between

letters or in between words I can either

use a slash in between the words or I

can use a hashtag I prefer using the

hashtag because it's a little easier to

see

so she laughs a lot guys this is a

problem see this word a lot really it

should be two words so if I put a

hashtag right there you know that that

needs a space if you need to close a

space if there is a word that should be

one word but it was written as two then

you use these sideways parentheses it

was within him while within is actually

one word so I go like this to show that

I need to close the gap it was within

him another time we close the space

sometimes I see when you're typing that

you put a space in between the last word

and the punctuation so I might use it

there to show that the period or the

punctuation at the end of the sentence

needs to be right next to the word the

last proofreading mark that we use often

is the new paragraph mark it looks like

a backward P with two lines so when

we're writing in dialogue fun trick if

you didn't know it each time the speaker

changes it should be a new paragraph or

a new line

good morning said Billy it's not morning

remarks Jill well this part that Jill

says should be a new paragraph so right

here on top of that I would do my

backwards P that shows you that I need a

new paragraph there when you arrive in

class on Friday I will give you the

packet of work that goes along with

proofreading marks and when you're ready

to take the quiz you just need to let me

know I look forward to doing more of

these videos with you and if you have

any suggestions please tell me I can't

think of a not awkward way to end this

video so I'm just

right here