El Argumento Ontológico
Summary
TLDRIn 1078, Anselm of Canterbury introduced the ontological argument, suggesting that if it's even possible for God to exist, then God must exist. This argument has divided philosophers ever since. Some, like Schopenhauer, dismissed it as a pleasant joke, while others, including Charles Hudson, Norman Malcolm, and Alvin Plantinga, considered it solid. The argument posits that God can be defined as a maximally great being, existing in all possible worlds. If such a being exists in any possible world, it exists in all, and thus, in the real world. Critics argue that the concept of a maximally great being is not as coherent as it seems, drawing parallels to absurd ideas like a 'married bachelor' or a 'square circle.'
Takeaways
- 📜 Anselmo de Canterbury introduced the ontological argument in 1078, suggesting that if it's even possible for God to exist, then God must exist.
- 🏛️ The ontological argument has been a subject of debate among philosophers, with some like Schopenhauer dismissing it as a pleasant joke, while others consider it a solid philosophical stance.
- 🌐 God can be defined as a being of maximal greatness, which includes being omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect in all possible worlds.
- 🔮 A possible world refers to ways the world could have been, and something existing in a possible world means it would exist if the world were that way.
- 🦄 Unicorns, despite not existing in the real world, can be said to exist in some possible world, unlike a 'married bachelor' which is logically incoherent and cannot exist in any possible world.
- 🌟 For a maximally great being to be truly grand, it must exist in all possible worlds, not just in some.
- 🧠 The argument posits that if a maximally great being exists in any possible world, it exists in all possible worlds, and therefore, it exists in the real world.
- 🚫 Atheists are challenged by this argument to not just claim God does not exist, but to assert that it is impossible for God to exist.
- 🍕 A parody of the argument is made with a 'maximally great pizza,' highlighting the difference between coherent and incoherent concepts, as the properties making a pizza 'great' are subjective and contextual.
- 🤔 The ontological argument suggests that the idea of God is intuitively coherent, and if God's existence is possible, then it is actual.
Q & A
Who was Anselm of Canterbury and what was his significant argument regarding God?
-Anselm of Canterbury was a monk who, in the year 1078, argued that if it is even possible that God exists, then it logically follows that God does exist. His argument is known as the ontological argument.
What is the ontological argument?
-The ontological argument is a philosophical argument that posits that if it is possible for a maximally great being to exist, then such a being must exist in all possible worlds, and therefore, it exists in the real world.
How does the ontological argument define God?
-In the context of the ontological argument, God is defined as a being that is maximally great, which includes being omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect in all possible worlds.
What is meant by a 'possible world' in the argument?
-A 'possible world' refers to ways the world could have been. Saying that something exists in a possible world means that if the world were that way, then that thing would have existed.
Why is the idea of a 'single man married' used as an example in the script?
-The idea of a 'single man married' is used to illustrate a concept that is logically incoherent and cannot exist in any possible world, in contrast to the idea of God, which is considered logically coherent.
How does the script differentiate between the idea of a maximally great pizza and a maximally great being?
-The script differentiates by stating that there are no intrinsic maximum values that make a pizza grandioso, and that the concept of a maximally great pizza is incoherent because it cannot be consumed if it exists in all logically possible worlds.
What is the main point of contention regarding the ontological argument according to the script?
-The main point of contention is whether the concept of a maximally great being is logically coherent. If it can be shown that the idea is incoherent, the argument fails.
What does the script suggest about the coherence of the idea of a maximally great being?
-The script suggests that the idea of a being that is omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect in all possible worlds seems to be a coherent concept.
How does the script conclude the existence of God based on the ontological argument?
-The script concludes that if it is possible that a maximally great being exists, then God really exists, as per the ontological argument.
What does the script imply about the burden of proof for atheists regarding the ontological argument?
-The script implies that atheists must contend not just that God does not exist, but that it is impossible for God to exist, in response to the ontological argument.
What is the significance of the ontological argument in the history of philosophy as presented in the script?
-The ontological argument has caused a significant division among philosophers since it was first proposed by Anselm of Canterbury. It continues to be debated by prominent philosophers across the centuries.
Outlines
📖 The Ontological Argument for God's Existence
The script discusses the ontological argument for the existence of God, first proposed by Anselm of Canterbury in 1078. It explains that if it's even possible for a supreme being to exist, then logically, such a being must exist. The argument defines God as a maximally great being, which would be omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect in all possible worlds. The script contrasts this with logically incoherent concepts like a married bachelor or a square circle. It also addresses potential criticisms, such as the argument's reliance on the coherence of the concept of a maximally great being, and compares it to the incoherence of the idea of a maximally great pizza, which lacks intrinsic values and is relative to consumer taste.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Anselmo de Canterbury
💡Ontological Argument
💡Maximally Great Being
💡Possible Worlds
💡Omnipotence
💡Omniscience
💡Moral Perfection
💡Logical Incoherence
💡Schopenhauer
💡Parody
💡Atheism
Highlights
In 1078, Anselm of Canterbury proposed that if it's even possible that God exists, then logically, God must exist.
Anselm's argument became known as the ontological argument.
The ontological argument has caused a significant division among philosophers.
19th-century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer dismissed the argument as a pleasant joke.
Prominent 20th-century philosophers like Charles Hudson, Norman Malcolm, and Alvin Plantinga consider the argument sound.
God can be defined as a being greater than which none greater can be conceived.
For a being to be maximally great, it would have to be omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect.
A possible world refers to ways the world could have been.
Something existing in a possible world means it could have existed if the world were that way.
Unicorns do not exist in the real world but seem to exist in some possible worlds.
A married bachelor does not exist in any possible world because the concept is logically incoherent.
If a maximally great being is possible, then it exists in some possible world.
For a being to be maximally great, it must exist in all possible worlds.
If a maximally great being exists in all possible worlds, then it exists in the real world.
Atheists must argue not just that God does not exist, but that it is impossible for God to exist.
The argument's steps from 2 to 6 are direct and largely uncontroversial.
If the concept of God can be shown to be logically incoherent, the argument would fail.
The idea of a maximally great being does not seem absurd like a square circle or a married bachelor.
The notion of an omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect being existing in all possible worlds seems coherent.
A parody of the argument could be made for a maximally great pizza, but it wouldn't hold because pizza greatness is subjective.
A maximally great pizza would have to exist in all logically possible worlds, which is incoherent since a pizza is meant to be consumed.
The idea of a maximally great pizza is incoherent, unlike the intuitively coherent idea of God.
The ontological argument shows that if God's existence is possible, then God actually exists.
Transcripts
en el año mil 78 un monje llamado
anselmo de canterbury sorprendió al
mundo al argumentar que si es siquiera
posible que dios exista entonces se
deduce lógicamente que dios sí existe
el argumento de angelmó llegó a ser
llamado el argumento ontológico y ha
causado una gran división entre los
filósofos desde entonces el filósofo
alemán del siglo 19 actual schopenhauer
le llamó una broma agradable pero muchos
filósofos prominentes del siglo 20 como
un charles hudson normen malcom y albín
plantilla lo consideran sólido aquí está
dios puede ser definido como un ser en
máxima mente grandioso si algo fuese más
grandioso que dios entonces ese ser
sería dios y para poder ser máxima mente
grandioso tendría que ser todopoderoso
omnisciente y moralmente perfecto en
todos los mundos posibles un mundo es
posible se refieren simplemente a las
maneras que el mundo pudo haber sido
decir que algo existe en un mundo
posible es simplemente decir que si el
mundo fuera de esa manera entonces eso
habría existido por ejemplo a pesar de
que los unicornios no existen en el
mundo real por lo menos parece posible
que podrían haber existido entonces
podemos decir que los unicornios existen
en algún mundo posible en cambio un
soltero casado no existe en ningún mundo
posible ya que la idea de un soltero
casado es lógicamente incoherente y no
podría existir en ningún mundo posible
de modo que si es posible que aún será
máxima mente grandioso existe entonces
podemos decir que el existe
en algún mundo posible pero esperar un
ser máxima mente grandioso no tendría
una grandeza máxima si solamente
existiera en algún mundo posible para
ser máxima mente grandioso tiene que ser
todopoderoso omnisciente y moralmente
perfecto en todos los mundos posibles
así que piensan si un ser máxima mente
grandioso existe en algún mundo posible
él existe en todos los mundos posibles y
si él existe en todos los mundos
posibles entonces él existe en el mundo
real es decir un ser máxima mente
grandioso realmente existen por tanto
los ateos tienen que sostener no
simplemente que dios no existe sino que
es imposible que dios exista aquí está
un resumen del argumento ontológico los
pasos del 2 al 6 son directos y en gran
parte poco controvertidos pero que hay
del punto 1 es obvio que si se pudiera
demostrar que la idea de dios es
lógicamente incoherente entonces el
argumento fracasaría
sin embargo es la idea de un ser
máximamente grandioso absurda como lo es
la idea de un soltero casado de un
círculo cuadrado o de lo logra solo eso
no parece ser el caso la noción de un
ser todopoderoso omnisciente y
moralmente perfecto que existe en todos
los mundos posibles parece ser una idea
perfectamente coherente pero acaso no
podríamos hacer una parodia de este
argumento y hacer que funcione para todo
porque no decir es lógicamente posible
que una pizza máxima mente grandiosa
exista por lo tanto una pizza máxima
mente grandiosa si existe no obstante la
idea de una pizza máxima mente grandiosa
no es como la idea de un será máxima
mente grandioso en primer lugar no hay
valores intrínsecos máximos que hacen
que la pizza sea grandiosa siempre
existirá un pepperoni adicional para
aumentar su grandeza ni siquiera es
obvio descifrar cuáles propiedades hace
que la pizza sea grandiosa una corteza
delgada o gruesa queso extra anchoas eso
es relativo al gusto del consumidor
segundo lugar una pizza que sea máxima
mente grandiosa tendría que existir en
todos los mundos lógicamente posibles
pero eso significa que no puede ser
consumida por lo tanto realmente no
sería una pizza ya que una pizza es algo
que puede ser consumido la idea de una
pizza máximamente grandiosa resulta ser
una idea en coherente en cambio la idea
de dios es una idea intuitivamente
coherente en otras palabras su
existencia es una posibilidad y el
argumento ontológico muestra que si dios
posiblemente existe entonces dios
realmente existe
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)