Relaciones Intraespecíficas e Interespecíficas || Biología UNAM

Summary

This video provides an essential overview of interspecific and intraspecific relationships for the UNAM admission exam. It explains intraspecific relationships, like competition within the same species, and interspecific relationships, including neutralism, mutualism, commensalism, predation, competition, parasitism, and amensalism. Through clear examples, such as bees and plants or hyenas and lions, the video explains how different organisms interact and the benefits or harms they experience. It's a great study resource, offering a structured approach to understanding these concepts, which are key to acing the exam.

Takeaways

• 😀 Intraspecific relationships occur between organisms of the same species, such as competition for resources like territory, leadership, or mating.
• 😀 Interspecific relationships occur between organisms of different species and can be positive, negative, or neutral for the organisms involved.
• 😀 Neutralism is a type of interspecific relationship where neither organism benefits nor is harmed, such as a tree and a fungus sharing the same soil.
• 😀 Mutualism benefits both organisms, like the relationship between bees and plants, where bees get nectar and plants get pollinated.
• 😀 Commensalism benefits one organism while the other is neither helped nor harmed, as seen in hyenas following lions to scavenge leftover food.
• 😀 Predation is a harmful relationship where one organism benefits by killing the other, for example, an eagle hunting a hare.
• 😀 Competition is when both organisms involved are harmed by competing for limited resources like food or water.
• 😀 Parasitism benefits one organism at the expense of another, but it doesn’t always result in the death of the affected organism, such as ticks feeding on dogs.
• 😀 Amensalism is when one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected, like eucalyptus trees releasing substances that prevent other plants from growing around them.
• 😀 Memorizing these relationships and their examples can help you perform well on the UNAM entrance exam, particularly in the section related to ecological interactions.
• 😀 The video encourages viewers to like, subscribe, and share if they found the content useful, emphasizing its usefulness for exam preparation.

Q & A

What are the two main types of relationships between organisms mentioned in the video?

The two main types of relationships are intra-specific and inter-specific relationships. Intra-specific relationships occur between organisms of the same species, while inter-specific relationships occur between organisms of different species.

What is an example of an intra-specific relationship?

An example of an intra-specific relationship is competition for territory, leadership, or mating within the same species.

What does the positive symbol (+) represent in inter-specific relationships?

The positive symbol (+) indicates that one organism benefits from the relationship.

What does the zero symbol (0) indicate in inter-specific relationships?

The zero symbol (0) indicates that an organism is neither benefited nor harmed by the relationship.

What is the neutralism relationship between organisms?

In a neutralism relationship, neither of the organisms benefits nor is harmed by the relationship. For example, a tree and a fungus sharing the same soil.

What is mutualism, and can you provide an example?

Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit. An example is the relationship between a bee and a plant, where the bee gets nectar as food, and the plant is pollinated.

What is commensalism, and can you give an example?

Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. An example is the relationship between hyenas and lions, where hyenas feed on leftovers from lion hunts, but lions are unaffected.

How does depredation work in inter-specific relationships?

In depredation, one organism benefits by killing and consuming another. The organism that benefits is the predator, and the one harmed is the prey. An example is an eagle preying on a hare.

What happens in the competition relationship?

In competition, both organisms are harmed as they compete for resources such as food and water, which eventually deplete and negatively affect both parties.

What is parasitism, and can you provide an example?

Parasitism is a relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. The organism benefiting is the parasite, and the harmed organism is the host. An example is the relationship between a tick and a dog, where the tick feeds on the dog’s blood, affecting the dog's health.