Case Study 3: Did Rizal Retract?
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the controversial issue of Jose Rizal's alleged retraction of his criticisms against the Catholic Church in the context of Philippine history. It delves into the historical background, including testimonies and documents related to the retraction, and examines differing viewpoints about its authenticity. Despite claims that Rizal recanted his opposition to the Church, the video emphasizes that many scholars and Filipinos continue to view him as a heroic figure, with his legacy remaining crucial to the nation's fight for independence.
Takeaways
- 📜 The retraction refers to the act of taking back or apologizing for a previously published statement or claim.
- 😲 Rizal's alleged retraction is about him supposedly retracting his criticism of the Catholic Church, which could significantly damage his revolutionary image.
- 📅 The first document claiming Rizal's retraction was published by Father Manuel Garcia in 1935, almost four decades after Rizal's death.
- 🧐 There were four different versions of the retraction that emerged, with significant skepticism regarding the authenticity of the document.
- ⛪ Father Vicente Balaguer, a Jesuit priest, claimed to witness Rizal retracting his anti-Church statements, but many doubt his testimony.
- 🤔 In 2016, new evidence from Professor N.R. Escalan surfaced, detailing another account from an agent in Fort Santiago, adding complexity to the controversy.
- 📖 Despite the retraction claim, Rizal is still seen by many scholars as a national hero whose contributions to Philippine nationalism remain significant.
- 🔗 Rizal had indirect connections with the Katipunan, a revolutionary group, and though not officially a member, he was highly regarded by its leaders.
- ⚔️ Rizal advised against the premature launch of the revolution, citing the strength of the Spanish military as a major concern.
- 🤝 Despite doubts about the authenticity of the retraction, Rizal's influence continued to inspire the Philippine revolution, which ultimately led to independence in 1898.
Q & A
What does the term 'retraction' mean in the context of this script?
-In this context, 'retraction' refers to the act of taking back or apologizing for a previously published statement or claim, especially if that statement was found to be false or incorrect.
Who is the central figure discussed in relation to the retraction issue?
-The central figure discussed is José Rizal, a Filipino revolutionary hero, and the controversy revolves around whether he retracted his criticisms of the Catholic Church before his execution.
What was the content of José Rizal’s alleged retraction statement?
-In the alleged retraction statement, Rizal declared himself a Catholic, retracted his previous words and writings against the Catholic Church, and asked for forgiveness from God and the Church for his actions.
Why is the authenticity of Rizal’s retraction document questioned?
-The authenticity is questioned because the original text of the retraction was found only decades after Rizal’s death, and there are discrepancies in the testimonies and iterations of the document. Additionally, only one witness, Father Vicente Balaguer, claimed to have seen Rizal retract.
What is the significance of Father Vicente Balaguer’s testimony?
-Father Vicente Balaguer’s testimony is significant because he claimed to have witnessed Rizal's retraction and spiritual activities, such as confessing, attending mass, and praying, though many doubt his account.
What new evidence was presented in 2016 regarding Rizal’s retraction?
-In 2016, researcher Professor N. R. Escalano uncovered documents by Federico Moreno detailing Rizal's final hours, adding more context but not definitively proving that Rizal signed a retraction.
How does the controversy over Rizal’s retraction affect his image as a national hero?
-While the controversy raises questions about Rizal’s religious beliefs, many scholars agree that it does not diminish his significance as a national hero who inspired Filipino nationalism and revolution.
What was Rizal’s connection to the Katipunan revolutionary movement?
-Although Rizal was not officially a member of the Katipunan, the revolutionary group valued his ideas and leadership. The Katipunan used his name as a password, and several members of the group were former members of La Liga Filipina, an organization Rizal founded.
What advice did José Rizal give to Pio Valenzuela regarding the Katipunan’s revolution?
-Rizal advised against the planned revolution, warning that it would be suicidal due to the military superiority of the Spanish forces. He recommended gaining the support of wealthy Filipinos and suggested Antonio Luna as a potential military leader.
Why is the retraction document still a subject of debate among scholars?
-The retraction document remains controversial because there are conflicting accounts and limited direct evidence supporting its authenticity. Some scholars believe it was fabricated or exaggerated to undermine Rizal's revolutionary legacy.
Outlines
📜 Understanding Retraction and José Rizal's Controversy
The first paragraph introduces the topic of 'retraction' in general, explaining that it involves retracting or apologizing for a previously published statement. It then transitions into the specific issue of José Rizal's alleged retraction of his criticisms of the Catholic Church. Rizal, recognized as a revolutionary hero for his works, is said to have retracted statements opposing the Church. The paragraph explains that this retraction has the potential to tarnish Rizal's image as a national hero due to its implications for his principles against colonialism and injustice.
🙏 Father Manuel Garcia and the Alleged Retraction
The second paragraph explores the claim of José Rizal’s retraction, which was first documented by Father Manuel Garcia in 1935. The retraction states that Rizal declared himself a Catholic and retracted any statements that contradicted the teachings of the Church. The authenticity of this document is questioned due to multiple iterations and delays in its discovery. It was first published on December 30, 1896, in a Spanish newspaper, followed by other versions, but the original text wasn’t found until 1935. Father Vicente Balager, a Jesuit, is said to be the only witness to the retraction, which casts further doubt on its credibility.
⛪ Balager’s Testimony and Doubts About the Retraction
The third paragraph discusses Father Vicente Balager's testimony, claiming he witnessed Rizal participate in Catholic rituals like confession, Mass, and prayer. This testimony is the primary evidence supporting the retraction document. However, due to the unusual behavior attributed to Rizal during his final hours, many doubt Balager's account. Despite this testimony, the lack of corroborating witnesses and other factors continue to cast suspicion on the authenticity of Rizal's retraction.
🕵️♂️ New Evidence from CF de Vigilancia in 2016
In the fourth paragraph, a new piece of evidence emerges in 2016 from the research of Professor N. R. Escalan. He found documents written by Federico Moreno, detailing Rizal’s final moments at Fort Santiago. These documents describe Rizal refusing to sign a retraction, despite discussions with Jesuit priests. They also describe emotional encounters with his fiancée Josephine Bracken. While this account gives some credibility to the idea of a retraction document, it remains unclear whether Rizal ever signed it, keeping the controversy alive.
🔗 Rizal's Connection to the Katipunan Revolution
The fifth paragraph shifts to discuss Rizal’s indirect connection to the Katipunan, a revolutionary group fighting against Spanish colonization. While Rizal wasn’t a formal member, his works and ideas inspired the Katipunan’s leaders. The paragraph details the relationship between Rizal and prominent Katipunan figures like Andres Bonifacio and Pio Valenzuela. It describes how Valenzuela visited Rizal in exile to inform him about the planned revolution, to which Rizal expressed skepticism, fearing it would be a suicidal effort against the more powerful Spanish forces.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Retraction
💡Jose Rizal
💡Catholic Church
💡Father Vicente Balaguer
💡La Liga Filipina
💡Katipunan
💡Father Manuel Garcia
💡Andres Bonifacio
💡Federico Moreno
💡Spanish Colonialism
Highlights
Introduction to the controversy surrounding the retraction of Jose Rizal.
Definition of retraction: taking back a previously made statement or claim, often because it is found to be incorrect or untrue.
Example of retraction given: apologizing to friends after spreading false gossip.
Rizal's retraction controversy refers to him allegedly taking back his criticism of the Catholic Church.
Rizal’s writings are centered on ending colonialism and liberating the Filipino mind, not necessarily opposing Catholicism but against friars seen as perpetrators of injustice.
A retraction document, published by Father Manuel Garcia in 1935, claimed Rizal reaffirmed his Catholic faith before his death.
The retraction document included statements like Rizal declaring himself a Catholic and retracting anything contrary to his character as a son of the Catholic Church.
The retraction document's authenticity is questioned due to multiple iterations and the time gap between Rizal's death and the document's discovery.
The first version of the retraction was published in 'La Voz Española' and 'Diario de Manila' on the day of Rizal’s execution, December 30, 1896.
The second version appeared in Barcelona, Spain, in the magazine 'La Juventud' on February 14, 1897, from an anonymous writer later revealed to be Father Vicente Balaguer.
Doubts about the document persist because the only eyewitness testimony comes from Father Vicente Balaguer, a Jesuit friar.
The testimony of Federico Moreno in 2016, based on documents from CF de Vigilancia, further questions the credibility of the retraction claim.
Despite the controversy, scholars largely agree that the retraction does not diminish Rizal’s heroism or his influence on Filipino nationalism.
Rizal’s indirect connection to the Katipunan, including his influence on its founders and members, adds to his importance in the revolution.
Rizal opposed the Katipunan’s violent revolution but suggested building stronger support among wealthy Filipinos and recruiting military leader Antonio Luna.
Transcripts
[Musika]
Hi Good day my name is is kad and I am
here to discuss about the controversial
issue and Philippine History which is
the retraction of Rosal so so before we
delve in our topic or my topic Let us
first know what is the retraction means
when we talk about action ito na yung
pagbawi or paghingi ng tawal sa previous
mo na na-publish na statement or claim
so rection usually done or nangyayari
lang ito kapag yung original statement
or claim mo ay mali at hindi totoo at
hindi Tumpak one example po ng
retraction is Kunwari po or imagine po
na meron ka pong nasabi na chees me sa
friend mo and then um Later on nalaman
mong um hindi pala totoo yyung chism na
ion So You might say na magso-sorry ka
sa mga friends mo and binabawi mo yyung
false information na nasabi mo So yun po
yun and then so in this topic um or
context So this refers to sa Rizal
taking back the criticism of the church
the Catholic Church and
the so kinilala si Jose Rizal bilang
isang bayani ng rebolusyon dahil sa
kanyang obra kung saan ang Center ng
kanyang mga Sulatin is about ending the
colonialism and to liberate the Filipino
mind pahiwatig daw dito na ang Sulatin
ni Rizal ay hindi laban sa relihiyong
Katoliko kundi sa mga prile na
itinuturing niyang mga pangunahing
impostor ng kawalan ng katarungan Sa
lipunang
Pilipino ay nagsasabi or nagpapahiwatig
na ang pag-iral ng ganitong dokumento ay
magdudulot ng malaking damage sa imahe
ni Rizal bilang isang prominenteng
rebolusyonaryong Pilipino it ay Dahil
ang kanyang mga Sulatin ay mahalaga sa
pag-usbong ng nasyonalismo ng bansa at
ang pag-amin sa kanyang pananampalataya
sa simbahan ay makikita bilang isang
pagtataksil sa kanyang prinsipyo ang
unang dokumentong aalamin natin ay
galing kay father Manuel Garcia
pinublish noong May 18
1935 sinasabi daw dito na ang
dokumentong ito ay nanggaling kay Rizal
kung saan nakapaloob ang kanyang
statement of retraction based on their
claim ito yung sinabi ni
I declare myself a Catholic and in this
religion in which I was born and
educated I wish to live and die I
retract with all my heart whatever in my
words writings publications and conduct
has been contrary to my character as son
of the Catholic Church I Believe and I
confess whatever she teaches and I
submit to whatever she demands I
abominate my soner as the enemy which is
of the church and as a society
prohibited by the church the season
prelate may as the superior
ecclesiastical authority make public the
spontaneous manifestation of mind in
order to repair the scandal which my
acts may have caused and so that the God
and people may pardon me sabi ng mga
prile This was published by jose rizal
and manila on December 29 1896 which is
the day before his death ang katotohanan
sa dokumentong ito is very questionable
why because there was four iteration na
lumabas patungkol sa dokumentong
ito the first one was published in lavos
Espanola and jario de Manila on the day
of the execution December 30
1896 the second appeared in Barcelona
Spain in the magazine la
juventud a few months after the
execution on February 14 1897 from an
anonymous writer Who was Later on
revealed to be father Vicente
balager however the original text was
only found in the archdiocesan Archives
on 18 may 1935 after almost four decades
of
disappearance Marami ang hindi
naniniwala sa testimonyang ito dahil isa
lang ang ang naka-witness at ito ay si
Father Vicente balager a jesuit fryer
ayon kay father balager nakita niya si
rizal na nagising ng ilang beses
nagtapat ng ilang beses dumayo sa Misa
tumanggap ng communion at nagdasal ng
rosaro dahil ito lamang ang tanging
testimonya tungkol sa pagsulat ni Rizal
ng the retraction ginamit ito ng mga
nagsasabing tunay ang dokumento upang
patunayan na tunay ito ngunit dahil sa
pagiging kakaiba ng mga kilos ni rizal
sa mga panahong iyon marami ang
nagdududa sa testimonya ni
[Musika]
balager Ako nga pala si
virusan ngayon ang ating pag-uusapan ay
the testimony of carpo de vigilancia
noong 2016 isang bagong saksi ang
lumitaw sa pamamagitan ng pananaliksik
ni professor n r escalan
sa kanyang pag-aaral natuklasan ang mga
dokumento ng CF de vigilancia na
naglalaman ng ulat sa huling oras ni
Rizal na isinulat ni Federico Moreno ang
ulat ay detalyado inuulat ng ahente ng
gr deil na naka-assign sa Fort Santiago
ang mga kaganapan noong araw ng
paghahatol kay igal noong 730 ng umaga
pumasok si Jose Rizal sa death R na
kasama ang kanyang abogado na si senor
xi de andrade at ang jesuit Pryce na si
vela Clara sa pangungumbinsi ng huli at
ilang Sandali Pagkatapos pumasok
binigyan siya ng magaan na agahan
bandang Al 900 tinanong ni senru ang
assistant ng Plaza si rizal kung
kailangan niya ng anuman Sumagot si
rizal at sinabing kailangan laman niya
ng isang player book na agad na dinala
sa kaniya ni father marsh
umalis si senor andrade mula sa de ro
nang ala 10 at nakipag-usap naman si
rizal nang matagal sa mga jesuit father
sina marsh at bila Clara tungkol sa mga
usaping religion ipinakita sa kaniya ng
mga ito ang isang panghihingi ng tawad
ukol sa kaniyang buhay at mga gawa na
tinanggihan niyang lagdaan nagbatian
sila hanggang 12:30 nang kumain si rizal
ng pritong itlog at ka manok pagkatapos
humiling siya na umalis upang magsulat
at nagtagal siyang mag-isa sa pagsusulat
nang 3 ng hapon pumasok sif March sa
kapila at ibinigay sa kaniya ni Rizal
ang isinulat niya agad na ipinaalam sa
kaniya ng pinuno ng firing squad Si
senor Del presno at ang katulong ng
Plaza si senor maure pasok sila sa death
R at kasama si rizal na nilagdaan ang
dokumentong isinulat ng
akusado 5 ng umaga ng ika-30 dumating sa
bilangguan ng kasintahan ni Rizal na
nakadamit ng itim tanging siya lamang
ang pumasok sa kapila sinundan ng isang
military chaplain na hindi matukoy ang
pangalan nakasuot ng pormal na kasuotan
at tinulungan ng isang sundalo ng
artilyero ang na rizal at ang kanyang
kasintahan na si Josephine bracken
bagaman Hindi ito opisyal na Kinikilala
sa lial na paraan siya ang kasama ni
Rizal sa kaniyang huling mga araw at
itinuturing na kaniyang asawa nang
marami sa huling sandali ng kanyang
buhay matapos ang kanilang pagyayakap
Umali siya ng luhang luha ang ulat na
ito ay nagpatunay sa pagkakaroon ng
dokument itong paghihingi ng tawad na
nagbibigay ng kredibilidad
dito gayunpaman wala sa ulat ang
nabanggit si f vagar kaya't ang parinig
ito ay tila pangalawang sanggunian
lamang sa pagsulat ng dokumento hanggang
ngayon nananatiling kontrobersyal ang
paghihingi ng tawad ni ryal subali't
marami sa mga iskolar ang sumasang-ayon
na hindi nito nabawasan ang kabayanihan
ni Rizal ang kaniyang Kahalagahan Ay
nananatiling matatag sa mga Pilipino at
nagpursige sa kanila na ipagpatuloy ang
rebolusyon na sa kalaunan ay nagresulta
sa kalayaan noong 1898 ngayon
pag-uusapan natin ang koneksyon ni rizel
sa katipunan ang kanyang koneksyon ay
hindi maikaila ang Lala Filipina isang
organisasyon na i natag ni Rizal at kung
saan isa sa mga miyembro si Andres FIFA
na itinuturing na paunang anyo ng
Katipunan ngunit dahil sa pagtatapon kay
Rizal sa Dapitan agad na nagpatayo ang
mga dating miyembro sa nag laliga ng
Katipunan noong Hulyo 7 1892 bagaman
hindi opisyal na miyembro si rizal ng
Katipunan malaki ang pagpapahalaga ng
mga katipunero sa kanyang niang mga
nagawa para sa magkaparehong layunin sa
28 members ng kataas-taasang Sanggunian
ng Katipunan mula 1892 hangang
1889 13 ay dating miyembro ng La Liga
Filipina at ginamit pa ng mga catapano
ang pangalan ni Rizal bilang
password noong 1896 nagpasya ang mga
katipunero na ipaalam kay Rizal ang
kanilang plan nailunsad ang rebolusyon
at ipinadala si Pio Valenzuela upang
bisitahin si rizan sa Dapitan bagaman
maraming iskolar ang nagduda sa mga ulat
ni Valenzuela hingil sa pulong nila ni
Rizal sinabi ni Rizal na tutol siya sa
plano dahil magiging dila suicidal ito
dahil sa kahirapan ng pakikipaglaban sa
mga kastila na may kalamangan sa militar
idinagdag niya na dapat gawin ng mga
lider ng katipunan ang lahat upang
maiwasan ang pagdanak ng dugo ng mga
Pilipino ipinaalam ni Valenzuela kay
Rizal na maaaaring sumiko ang rebolusyon
kung matutuklasan ng mga kastila ang
katipunang inirekomenda ni Rizal na
makuha muna ang suporta ng mga
mayayamang Pilipino upang mapalakas ang
kanilang layunin at imungkahi na si
Antonio Luna ang irekrut upang pamunuan
ang militar na kilusan ng
[Musika]
rebolusyon you want me
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
RPH, CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY 3: Did Rizal Retract?
CHAPTER 3.4: Did Rizal Retract? ( THE BALAGUER TESTIMONY & THE TESTIMONY OF CUERPO DE VIGILANCIA )
THE RETRACTION OF JOSE RIZAL
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