APUSH (AP US History) Deep Dive 2.7: Anne Hutchinson
Summary
TLDRAnne Hutchinson was a pioneering figure in American history, known for her defiance of Puritan authority. Born in England in 1592, she immigrated to Massachusetts where she began preaching controversial religious ideas, advocating for personal spiritual connection over strict moral laws. Her beliefs, combined with her role as a female religious leader, challenged Puritan leaders and led to her trial and banishment. Hutchinson's legacy of rebellion, education, and gender defiance remains influential, though her life ended tragically in a Native American attack. She was posthumously pardoned in 1987, 300 years after her death.
Takeaways
- 📚 Anne Hutchinson was a highly educated woman for her time, taught to read by her Puritan minister father who emphasized the importance of reading the Bible.
- 🤰 She was a mother of many, giving birth to 15 children, reflecting the family norms of the 17th century.
- 🏛 Anne's father's criticism of the church and subsequent legal troubles for heresy set a precedent for Anne's own challenges against religious authority.
- 🌐 Anne and her family were part of a larger Puritan migration from England to the New World due to religious persecution under King Charles I.
- 👩🏫 In Boston, Anne Hutchinson became a religious leader, hosting Bible study meetings in her home that challenged the prevailing Puritan doctrine of predestination.
- 🚫 Her teachings, which promoted a personal connection with God over strict adherence to societal rules, were seen as a threat to the Puritan establishment and led to her excommunication.
- 💬 Hutchinson's gender and her role as a preacher to both men and women were particularly provocative, challenging the societal norms of her time.
- 🏡 She was banned from holding meetings in her home, but defied the order, demonstrating her rebellious nature.
- 🚫 Anne was brought to court, where she claimed to have direct revelations from God, which was seen as a direct challenge to the male-dominated religious and civil authorities.
- ❄️ Following her banishment from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Hutchinson and her followers founded the city of Portsmouth in Rhode Island, seeking religious freedom.
- 🔪 Tragically, Anne Hutchinson was killed by Native American warriors in New Amsterdam, an event that was seen by some as divine retribution for her defiance.
Q & A
Who was Anne Hutchinson and where was she born?
-Anne Hutchinson was an influential Puritan woman born in England in 1592. She became known for her religious views and defiance of traditional Puritan authority.
What role did Anne’s father play in her education and beliefs?
-Anne’s father, a Puritan minister, taught her how to read so she could read the Bible. He also influenced her rebellious spirit by encouraging her to stand up for her beliefs, even against church authority.
What religious ideas did Anne Hutchinson adopt from John Cotton?
-Anne Hutchinson followed Puritan minister John Cotton, who preached the idea of predestination, which is the belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven or hell. Anne expanded this idea to believe that earthly behavior could not determine salvation, which became central to her teachings.
Why did Anne Hutchinson and her family flee to the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
-They fled England due to King Charles I’s persecution of Puritans. In 1634, Anne and her family followed John Cotton, who had already fled to the Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious freedom.
What was the controversy surrounding Anne Hutchinson’s preaching?
-Anne Hutchinson preached that a personal connection with God, not earthly behavior, determined one’s salvation. This challenged the strict moral laws of the Puritans and the authority of the male-dominated religious leadership in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
What was 'antinomianism,' and how did it relate to Anne Hutchinson?
-Antinomianism is the belief that Christians are freed from following moral laws through God’s grace. Anne Hutchinson’s teachings aligned with this belief, which directly conflicted with Puritan doctrine, leading to her persecution.
Why did Anne Hutchinson’s meetings cause alarm among Puritan leaders?
-Anne’s meetings, which attracted up to 80 people and included men, threatened Puritan leadership not only because of her controversial religious ideas but also because she was a woman preaching to men, defying traditional gender roles.
What were the consequences of Anne Hutchinson’s trial in 1637?
-During her trial, Anne claimed that God spoke directly to her, which was seen as a threat to male authority. She was convicted of heresy and banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, leading her and her followers to establish a settlement in Rhode Island.
How did Governor Winthrop and other Puritan leaders respond to Anne Hutchinson’s stillbirth?
-Governor Winthrop and other Puritan leaders used Anne’s stillbirth as evidence that God was punishing her. They spread rumors that she gave birth to a demon child, using this as a warning against following her teachings.
What happened to Anne Hutchinson after she moved to New Amsterdam?
-After moving to New Amsterdam (later New York) in 1643, Anne and her family were killed in a Native American attack. Governor Winthrop saw her death as divine justice, calling her an 'instrument of the devil.'
Outlines
🏛️ Early Life and Influences of Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson was born in England in 1592 to a Puritan Minister who believed in educating his daughter to read the Bible. This early education instilled in her a love for learning and a rebellious spirit against the church's authority. She married William Hutchinson and moved to Boston with him, where she continued her religious studies and began teaching Bible lessons, attracting followers of John Cotton's preaching on predestination. Her belief in a personal connection with God, independent of societal rules, led to the development of antinomianism, which was seen as a threat to the Puritan doctrine.
📜 Persecution and Banishment of Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson's religious philosophy, which contradicted the Puritan leaders' beliefs, led to her being seen as a threat to the social order in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her meetings, which included both men and women, were seen as disruptive, and she was forbidden from holding them. Despite this, she continued her gatherings, leading to her being called to court. During her trial, she claimed to have direct revelations from God, which further angered the authorities. As a result, she was banished from the colony, and she left with her family and other followers to Rhode Island, where she founded Portsmouth. Tragically, her last pregnancy ended in a stillbirth, which was used by her opponents to spread rumors of divine punishment.
🔥 Tragic End and Posthumous Recognition
Anne Hutchinson's life took a tragic turn when her town in Rhode Island was attacked by Native American warriors, resulting in her death and the death of most of her family. Her surviving daughter was kidnapped but later returned to Boston. Despite the persecution and the tragic end, Anne Hutchinson's legacy as a pioneering female figure in American history was not forgotten. It took until 1987 for the Massachusetts governor to officially pardon her, clearing her of any wrongdoing. Her story is a testament to the struggle for religious freedom and the fight against established authority, making her one of the first and most influential 'girl bosses' in US history.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Puritan
💡Predestination
💡Antinomianism
💡Separatist
💡Rhode Island
💡Heresy
💡Personal Connection with God
💡Banishment
💡New Amsterdam
💡Pardon
Highlights
Anne Hutchinson was an influential figure in early American history, known for her strong beliefs and defiance against religious and societal norms.
Born in England in 1592, Anne was taught to read by her Puritan minister father, who instilled in her the importance of education and a rebellious spirit.
Her father's criticism of the church led to imprisonment, instilling in Anne a legacy of challenging authority.
Anne married William Hutchinson and moved to Boston, where she began teaching Bible lessons and developing her religious philosophy.
She followed Puritan minister John Cotton, who preached the theory of predestination, which Anne would later challenge.
Anne's belief in a personal connection with God, independent of societal behavior, was a radical departure from Puritan doctrine.
Her religious gatherings, which included both men and women, were seen as a threat to the established social order.
Anne's defiance of the Puritan leadership led to her being labeled a heretic and being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Despite being several months pregnant, Anne was called to court in 1637 to defend her beliefs.
Anne's claim that God spoke to her directly was seen as a challenge to the spiritual and civil authority of the time.
She was banished in 1638, along with 30 other families who followed her to Rhode Island, where they founded Portsmouth.
Anne's stillbirth was used by her opponents to spread rumors of divine punishment and to discredit her.
Her husband's death in 1642 and the continued attempts by Massachusetts ministers to silence her highlight the ongoing persecution she faced.
Anne's move to New Amsterdam was an attempt to escape the influence of the Massachusetts Bay Colony's leaders.
The tragic attack by Native American warriors in 1643 led to Anne's death and the murder of her family.
Anne Hutchinson was posthumously pardoned in 1987, over 300 years after her death, officially clearing her name.
Anne Hutchinson's legacy as one of the first and greatest 'girl bosses' in US history is marked by her unwavering commitment to her beliefs.
Transcripts
hi friends all right Ann Hutchinson one
of the original girl bosses in US
history let's get into it have a deep
dive here Anne Hutchinson born in
England in 1592 right near the turn of
the century and her dad was a Puritan
Minister her dad as a Puritan Minister
believed it was really important to
teach his daughter how to read so Anne
was taught to read at a very young age
so that she would be able to read the
Bible education is really important to
the Puritans you've got to be able to
read so that you can read the Bible for
yourself her father followed through
with that and was educated her father
also kind of taught her how to be
rebellious against the church how to
stand up for her beliefs and her
opinions and speak her mind even though
she was a woman um her father had made
some critical comments about the church
and ended up getting put in jail for 2
years he was tried for heresy against
the church and found guilty later
shortly after Anne was born he was put
on trial again for criticizing the
church and was sentenced to 3 years
house arrest after Anne was born so an
has this Legacy one of education but two
little bit of rebellion not afraid to
challenge authorities she ended up
marrying her childhood friend a guy
named William Hutchinson he was a cloth
Merchant and she began teaching Bible
lessons in her home she would have other
women come into her home and they would
basically have Bible study the
hutchinsons became followers of Puritan
minister John Cotton John Cotton
preached the Puritan theory of
predestination predestination is the
belief that God has pre-ordained who's
going to heaven and who's going to hell
from the moment of birth God knows who's
going to heaven and who's going to hell
because God is all knowing um damnation
though according to Cotton can be
determined by Earthly behavior and if if
people don't follow certain rules of the
society they can be damned they can be
kicked out of heaven when when Charles I
became king of England Charles I was a
steart from Scotland and he had some
Catholic sympathies um he converted to
to anglicanism in order to become the
king of England but he still in his
heart had a lot of Catholic sympathies
and because of that Charles I is the is
the king of England who began to
persecute Puritans and Puritans did no
no longer felt safe in England so they
started to flee the country Puritan
Minister John Cotton fled to Boston in
163 three Anne and her family fled to
Boston a year later so you have this
Mass Exodus of Puritans out of England
they end up in in Massachusetts it in
what becomes the Massachusetts Bay
Colony when an arrived in America she
was 43 years old had already had several
children she joined a group of women in
Boston who were healers they worked as
um healers treating illnesses they they
assisted in childbirth and she also
began to kind of home and and speak
become a preacher um developing her
religious philosophy in which she
believed that heaven was attainable to
anybody who developed a personal
connection with God she believed anybody
had the ability to develop a personal
connection with god um that that
behavior doesn't determine whether
someone goes to heaven um it's that
personal connection and if Behavior
can't determine whether you get into
heaven then according to an's Theory
Behavior can't determine if you get
kicked out of heaven and because of this
philosophy it's called antinomianism the
idea that God's Grace has freed a
Christian from having to follow any of
these moral laws because of that that's
when the puritan leaders in
Massachusetts Bay got a little bit upset
with Anne because this idea of not
obeying established moral laws is in
direct violation uh to Puritan Doctrine
by 1636 an was holding two meetings a
week in her home with up to 80 people um
in each meeting and it included both men
and women this is important because it's
not just what an was preaching it's the
fact that it was a woman preaching two
men um and some of these leaders were
pretty high political leaders in the
colony and that's a fear to the Puritan
men who want to keep everybody in their
box and keep everything under control
after a a year of preaching in this way
and holding these meetings in her home
the Puritan leadership felt that an's
preaching could cause dissent and they
did not tolerate dissent in
Massachusetts Bay uh you didn't speak
out against the church you didn't
challenge the laws you followed the
rules you stayed um kind of in the box
that the puritan leaders had subscribed
for you if if an continued to preach it
wasn't just the ideas that she was
preaching that undercut the morality of
the the laws in that Community it was
the fact that it might encourage other
women to rebel against men it might
upset the balance of male dominance over
females in that colony and that was not
something that puritan leaders wanted to
wanted to deal with Governor John
winthrip and John Cotton feared that
Anne was becoming a separatist that she
was pushing to divide the church that
her descent her her her preachings were
going to lead to further descent
and so cotton and other clergy leaders
in the colony passed resolutions
designed to end any descent um they
included one that specifically forbid
meetings in Anne Hutchinson's home they
were targeting her specifically an
ignored that order because an likes to
be a little bit of a rebel Reverend
cotton described her meetings as quote a
promiscuous and filthy coming together
of men and women
super kind of sleazy according to
Reverend cotton in 1637 Anne gets called
to court because this wasn't going to be
able to continue just letting her get
away with this she gets called into
court and at this time she's several
months pregnant I can't remember what
child it was she ended up getting
pregnant with 15 children not all of
them survived to adulthood but she was
pregnant a lot uh and she was pregnant
in 1637 when she gets called into court
and dur during her testimony she
testified that God spoke to her directly
that that she learned how to interpret
scriptures for herself through these
messages from God men saw this as a
challenge men saw this as a challenge to
their Authority both Spiritual Authority
and civil Authority and they proclaimed
her a heretic as a result of that
conviction she was she and her family
were to be banished from The Colony but
it was still winter so they waited until
March uh they remained under house
arrest until winter ended and then in
March of
1738 she and her family left
Massachusetts Bay along with 30 other
families and headed for Rhode Island
Rhode Island was was a Haven for denters
people who had been kicked out of
various other colonies so she and her
she and her family left Rhode Island
with 30 other families they founded the
city of Portsmith in in Rhode Island but
that pregnancy that an was pregnant with
the baby that an was pregnant with
during the trial ended in a still birth
she didn't give birth to a live baby and
that baby that was born as a still birth
was severely deformed winthrip and
cotton began to spread rumors that
number one God was judging her that this
was God's punishment against Anne
Hutchinson for speaking out against them
but number two that she gave birth to
demon children and that was the phrase
that they used they they governor would
give these physical descriptions of of
babies that had um devil likee horns and
Claws and uh any of her followers were
also giving birth to these demon
children Ann eventually gave birth to 15
children overall one died in infancy two
others died in illness when they were
young children but to have this sort of
slander that if you listen to an
Hutchinson you're going to lose your
baby or you're going to give birth to a
demon child it's it's part of that that
undercurrent of how we're going to keep
women in control her husband William
died in 1642 and after his death
ministers from Massachusetts were sent
to Rhode Island to try to get an to
renounce her comments to renounce her
beliefs again they're still trying to
reain her in even though she's no longer
in Massachusetts Bay she refuses and
these leaders from Massachusetts were
saying hey we're about to take over
Rhode Island so you need to renounce
your beliefs and she said no she took
her children her remaining children and
they moved to New Amsterdam what will
later become New York to get away from
kind of the Massachusetts leaders in the
summer of 1643 within a year after they
had moved to New Amsterdam her Town came
under attack by a Native American
warriors and Anne and her children who
were left with her uh were AED to death
they were murdered during this attack
their bodies were burned there was one
surviving child one surviving daughter
of Hutchinson who was out picking
blackberries I think when the attack
happened and she hid she ended up being
discovered and was kidnapped by the
tribe and raised by them for 9 years I
think she was 9 years old at the time
she eventually um returned to Boston
when governor winthrip of Massachusetts
Bay heard about Anne's death he believed
that his prayers had been answered he
saw her death and the the manner of her
death as a just a just cause for which
God was was delivering Justice this was
how it was supposed to happen he said
that an instrument of the devil had been
dealt with justly by this Savage attack
he later wrote about an he called her an
American Jezebel um this this language
that is used to to uh I guess lower the
status of women uh to just sexual
objects or or an instrument of the devil
um an instrument of no
morals she she Di died in a sense for
her beliefs I mean had she not been in
that position in that place she wouldn't
have been killed in that way she was um
on the books as remaining a convicted
criminal until
1987 in 1987 she died in
1643 in 1987 the Massachusetts governor
Michael dakus officially pardoned an Hut
Anne Hutchinson so she was officially
cleared of any wrongdoing but it took
300 years to do it and she remains one
of us history's first and greatest girl
bosses all right more later
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