Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Summary
TLDRThis lesson covers the differences between physical and chemical properties and changes. Physical properties describe observable traits like color, texture, and mass, while chemical properties describe how substances react, such as flammability or oxidation. The instructor uses relatable examples, comparing chemical properties to personality traits and reactions to social situations. Physical changes involve altering appearance without forming new substances (like boiling water), while chemical changes result in new substances (like burning paper). Key concepts include precipitate formation, gas release, and temperature changes.
Takeaways
- 😀 Physical properties describe the appearance, smell, feel, and measurable characteristics of a substance.
- 👀 Examples of physical properties include color, texture, size, volume, mass, density, buoyancy, boiling point, and melting point.
- 🌡️ Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts or does not react, similar to how personality reflects behavior.
- 💥 Common chemical properties include oxidation, rusting, flammability, and reactions with other substances.
- 🧪 Physical changes involve changes in appearance or state without forming a new substance, like boiling, freezing, or crushing.
- 🔥 Chemical changes result in a new substance due to bond-breaking and rearranging of atoms, such as combustion or rusting.
- 🍎 Indicators of chemical reactions include color changes, gas formation, precipitate formation, new smells, and temperature changes.
- 📏 All phase changes, like melting, freezing, and boiling, are considered physical changes because the substance remains the same.
- ⚗️ Chemical reactions can be indicated by unexpected temperature changes or the generation of light, such as in fire or glow sticks.
- 📚 Physical and chemical properties, along with their changes, are fundamental concepts in chemistry, often seen as vocabulary.
Q & A
What is a physical property?
-A physical property describes the way something looks, feels, or smells, and can sometimes be measured. Examples include color, texture, size, mass, and volume.
What is an example of a physical property?
-Examples of physical properties include the rough texture of a pine cone, the brownish-red color of someone's hair, or the boiling point of water.
What distinguishes a chemical property from a physical property?
-A chemical property describes how a substance reacts or does not react, which is often based on the number of valence electrons, while a physical property describes observable characteristics like size, shape, or texture.
How does the script relate chemical properties to personality traits?
-The script compares chemical properties to personality traits, suggesting that just as chemical properties describe how substances react, personality traits describe how a person reacts in certain situations.
What is a physical change?
-A physical change is when something changes in appearance but no new substance is formed. For example, crushing a can or freezing water are physical changes.
Can you give examples of physical changes?
-Yes, examples include melting and freezing water, boiling water, breaking an object, or crushing a crystal into smaller pieces.
What is a chemical change?
-A chemical change occurs when a new substance is formed due to the breaking and rearranging of chemical bonds. Examples include rusting, burning paper, and the formation of a precipitate.
What are some signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
-Signs of a chemical reaction include a color change, the formation of gas, a new smell, temperature change, or the generation of light, such as when a glow stick glows.
How is the formation of a precipitate described in the script?
-The formation of a precipitate occurs when two solutions react to form a solid. An example would be mixing vinegar and baking soda, which produces gas and sometimes a solid precipitate.
What are examples of chemical properties and changes mentioned in the script?
-Chemical properties mentioned include flammability and oxidation (like an apple turning brown). Chemical changes include burning paper and the reaction of vinegar with baking soda.
Outlines
👋 Introduction to Physical and Chemical Properties
The lesson begins with an introduction to physical and chemical properties. The speaker asks the viewer to list three physical and three personality traits as a warm-up exercise. Physical properties are described as characteristics that can be measured, like color, texture, size, and buoyancy. The speaker also explains how chemical properties are more related to reactivity, comparing them to personality traits. The concept of chemical properties is introduced with examples like oxidation, rusting, and reactions between substances such as vinegar and baking soda.
🍏 Oxidation, Gas Formation, and Chemical Changes
The second paragraph focuses on examples of chemical changes, starting with the oxidation of substances like apples and potatoes. It explains how gas formation occurs in reactions, using vinegar and baking soda as an example. The formation of precipitates when solutions react is also highlighted, along with the role of new smells and temperature changes as indicators of chemical reactions. The speaker also mentions light generation, like in the case of fire or glow sticks, to further illustrate chemical changes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Physical properties
💡Chemical properties
💡Boiling point
💡Oxidation
💡Precipitate
💡Physical change
💡Chemical change
💡Valence electrons
💡Phase change
💡Buoyancy
Highlights
Introduction to physical and chemical properties and changes.
Physical properties describe the way something looks, smells, feels, and can be measured.
Examples of physical properties include color, texture, mass, volume, and buoyancy.
Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts or does not react, often compared to personality traits.
Chemical reactions are based on the number of valence electrons in a substance.
Physical changes involve changes in form but do not create a new substance, like boiling or freezing water.
Phase changes, such as melting and freezing, are physical changes.
Chemical changes form new substances through bond-breaking and atom rearrangement.
Indicators of chemical changes include color change, gas formation, and the generation of light.
Oxidation, like apples turning brown, is a common chemical property.
Precipitate formation occurs when two solutions react to form a solid.
A new smell during a reaction, like baking bread, is a sign of chemical change.
Temperature changes in reactions, such as getting hotter or colder, are signs of chemical reactions.
Paper burning is an example of a chemical change, as new substances are formed.
Recap: Physical properties describe sensory aspects, while chemical properties describe reactivity.
Transcripts
hello welcome to this lesson on physical
and chemical properties and changes to
start off I need you to list three
characteristics about the way you look
and three characteristics of your
personality
all right a physical property is going
to describe the way that something looks
smells how it changes
um how it feels and those are going to
be properties typically that can be
measured but sometimes they are going to
be more qualitative things like
um you know my hair is kind of this
brownish red color my eyes are green I
am you know five foot six inches tall
those are things that would describe my
physical appearance those would be
physical properties
some examples of physical properties are
things like color
texture like this pine cone is very
rough
the sample size and this means in both
mass and length
um
volume any type of size is going to be a
physical property
we also have buoyancy which is it's the
substance's ability to float
the boiling point the temperature at
which the substance boils the melting
points
um and then like I said mass volume
density everything related to the
sample's size
and then we can move on to chemical
properties which is way more fun in my
opinion chemical properties describe the
way that a substance react or does not
react and that's going to be based on
the number of valence electrons now for
you and me chemical properties are kind
of like our personality so I am very
sarcastic I am also very honest almost
to a fault and I um I love to have a
good time so those are things that would
describe my personality and that's kind
of like my chemical properties so it's
going to describe the way that you react
in certain situations if you're at a
party you're probably having a good time
perhaps your idea of a good time is
sitting on the couch just watching
Netflix shows that's that's a fun time
too
um so your personality may be a little
bit more reserved
so you might be something like a noble
gas that doesn't like to react very much
it's inert
um so a chemical property is kind of
like the personality of this element or
compound
so when it comes to chemical properties
we ask ourselves questions most often
like will this substance oxidize in air
so like this apple turning brown once
it's exposed to oxygen
we would ask does it rust or corrode
when in contact with air
is that substance flammable does it
react with other chemicals which is
really what we talk about in chemistry
most often here we have the formation of
a precipitate so you mix two liquids
together two solutions really and you
wind up they react and they form a solid
here this is probably vinegar and baking
soda and that is going to generate a gas
fills the balloon
um sometimes things react and other
times things don't like baking soda in
your kitchen doesn't really react all
that much
um doesn't react with the air but it
will react with vinegar
if properties are adjectives then
physical and chemical changes are verbs
so a physical change is where a change
is made but nothing new is formed
so really this means we're not breaking
or forming bonds All Phase changes are
physical changes
so if we think of boiling or freezing
water
on the other side of that boiling or
freezing water is still water it might
just be ice or steam or something like
that
um it's going to change from one form to
another but it's still going to be water
and that's the important piece here
so like I said melting and freezing are
prime examples of physical changes so is
breaking smashing cracking boiling
another phase change crushing so if you
took a can and crushed it or if you took
a really big Crystal and crushed it down
kind of into a dust like crushing salt
into something smaller
um bending is one of course and anything
of course that is going to just change
kind of the way it looks
um is going to be a physical change now
the opposite of that is a chemical
change in a chemical change you have an
entirely new substance formed because
you have bonds breaking atoms
rearranging and new things forming and
all chemical reactions are considered
chemical changes
um it's just when we are big boy big
girl chemists a lot of the time we talk
about chemical reactions as opposed to
chemical changes it's really just the
verbiage
so a chemical change or signs in a
chemical reaction has happened is going
to be indicated by a color change
here again you have the Apple oxidizing
in air it turns brown avocados do this
potatoes there are lots of things that
will change color just because they're
exposed to oxygen
then we have formation of a gas so here
again the vinegar and baking soda is
going to fill this balloon
we have that formation of a precipitate
so anytime these two solutions come in
contact with each other they form a
solid and that solid is called a
precipitate I'll teach you a lot more
about that when we get to Solutions
um anytime you have a new smell
a new smell
um whether that is like a rotten grilled
cheese sandwich which is very yucky or
um
the baking of a cake or the baking of
bread you get this nice beautiful smell
anytime you get a new smell that's a
chemical reaction
anytime you change the temperature
if you dramatically well I shouldn't say
dramatically anytime you change the
temperature where you personally didn't
put the substance on ice or in the
fridge you didn't try to heat it up
perhaps you just mix two chemicals
together and they got really cold or
they got really hot and then another one
that's not listed here is the generation
of light so that would include fire
which is a very common light reaction
but also you have um like the cracking
of a glow stick those two chemicals come
in contact and then they start to Glow
so physical and chemical changes to
recap physical
things are
um physical properties
describe kind of with the five senses
the way that things look feel smell that
kind of thing a physical change is where
you are going to kind of rearrange the
the three-dimensional structure of this
thing you might have a piece of paper
and then rip it and now you got
two smaller pieces of paper
um that does not work with money
but it's still paper a chemical property
is going to describe the way that things
do or do not react
um and their chemical changes are really
just chemical reactions which is them
kind of expressing one of those chemical
properties so we know that paper is
flammable that's chemical property and
chemical uh the paper being on fire
would be the chemical change
that's all I have for you on physical
and chemical properties and changes I
know it was really quick but that's
because
number one it's kind of just vocabulary
two I'm sure you have learned this
before and three if it was too quick you
have the ability to go back and replay
the video please leave any questions you
have in the comments section below the
video subscribe so you don't miss the
next lesson and I will see you there bye
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