Sejarah Kerajaan Aceh : Puncak Kejayaan hingga Masa Keruntuhan

Hippo Academy

26 Jun 202104:10

Summary

TLDRThe Aceh Sultanate, an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, Sumatra, originated from the union of the Lamuri and Aceh kingdoms through royal marriage. It expanded to unite the region from Daya to Nakhon Si Thammarat. Under Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), the kingdom reached its peak, rejecting foreign collaboration and strengthening its military. Known as the 'Verandah of Mecca,' it significantly influenced Islamic culture in the Malay Archipelago. However, after Iskandar Muda's death, the kingdom declined, eventually succumbing to Dutch colonization in 1873 after a 30-year war, marking the end of the Aceh Sultanate.

Takeaways

🏛️ The Aceh Sultanate was an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, referring to the Sumatra region in the sixteenth century.
🌍 It originated from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through the marriage of their rulers, leading to the creation of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam.
👑 Ali Mughayat Syah was the first ruler of Aceh, serving from 1496 to 1530, and was a strong proponent of Islam as the foundation of the kingdom.
📚 The Aceh Sultanate experienced a golden era under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda from 1607 to 1636, who was known for his strong rejection of foreign influence and exploitation.
⛩️ The kingdom expanded its territory significantly under Iskandar Muda, including parts of the Malay Peninsula and much of Sumatra, earning the region the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah'.
🛡️ Sultan Iskandar Muda built a powerful military force equipped with advanced weaponry, including cannons, to deter foreign powers such as the Portuguese, Dutch, and English.
🔄 Despite the initial success in resisting foreign influence, the Aceh Sultanate began to decline after Iskandar Muda's death, with his successors less capable of maintaining the kingdom's grandeur.
🗺️ The decline of the Aceh Sultanate made it more susceptible to foreign influence, and it eventually became a target for Western powers, leading to the signing of treaties like the Treaty of London and the Treaty of Sumatra.
🏰 The Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh in 1873, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years and resulted in the end of the Sultanate.
🏺 The last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah, was forced to acknowledge Dutch sovereignty, and Aceh was administratively incorporated into the Dutch East Indies, which became the precursor to modern Indonesia.
🏛️ Remnants of the Aceh Sultanate's grandeur can still be seen today, such as the Grand Mosque of Baiturrahman in Banda Aceh, the Taman Sari, and the Sultan Iskandar Muda's mausoleum, reflecting the kingdom's rich history and cultural influence.

Q & A

When was the Aceh Sultanate established?
-The Aceh Sultanate was established around 1496 Masehi in Banda, Aceh Darussalam.
What is the historical significance of the Aceh Sultanate's location?
-The Aceh Sultanate was located on the Sumatra peninsula and was significant as it expanded to unite areas from Daya Pedir to Nakur.
How did the Aceh Sultanate come into existence?
-The Aceh Sultanate was formed from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through the marriage alliance between the King of Lamori and the Princess of Aceh.
Who was the first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate?
-The first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate was Ali Mughayat Syah, who ruled from 1496 to 1530 Masehi.
What was the peak period of the Aceh Sultanate?
-The Aceh Sultanate experienced its golden age under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Muda from 1607 to 1636 Masehi.
How did Sultan Iskandar Muda respond to foreign offers of cooperation?
-Sultan Iskandar Muda strongly rejected foreign offers of cooperation and was aware of their attempts to exploit his resources.
What was the military strength of the Aceh Sultanate under Sultan Iskandar Muda?
-The military strength of the Aceh Sultanate was very strong, equipped with advanced weapons including cannons, and they successfully defended against attempts by the Portuguese, Dutch, and English to seize power.
What was the cultural impact of the Aceh Sultanate during Sultan Iskandar Muda's reign?
-During Sultan Iskandar Muda's reign, the Aceh Sultanate had a significant impact on the Islamic culture applied in the society, leading to the region being called the 'Serambi Mekkah'.
What happened to the Aceh Sultanate after Sultan Iskandar Muda's death?
-After Sultan Iskandar Muda's death in December 1636, his successors were less capable of maintaining the greatness of the Aceh Sultanate, which began to decline and became more susceptible to foreign influence.
How did the Aceh Sultanate come under foreign control?
-The Aceh Sultanate eventually became a target for foreign powers. The Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years and ended the sultanate.
What is the legacy of the Aceh Sultanate that can still be seen today?
-The legacy of the Aceh Sultanate can be seen in many historical sites such as the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh, Taman Sari, Gunongan Benteng Indrapatra, and the tomb of Sultan Iskandar Muda.

Outlines

00:00

🏰 Founding and Expansion of Aceh Sultanate

The Aceh Sultanate was an Islamic kingdom established around 1496 in Banda Aceh, on the Sumatra peninsula, known as Aceh Darussalam. It originated from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamuri and Aceh, through a marriage alliance between the Lamori king and the Aceh princess. The kingdom expanded to unite the region from Daya Pedir to Nakhon Si Thammarat. The first ruler of the Aceh Sultanate was Ali Mughayat Syah, who reigned from 1496 to 1530. The kingdom continued to thrive under subsequent rulers, including Sultan Iskandar Muda, who led from 1607 to 1636. During his reign, the kingdom experienced a golden age, with Iskandar Muda famously rejecting foreign collaboration and strengthening the military with advanced weaponry. The kingdom's influence extended over the Malay Peninsula, including Johor, Perak, Melaka, Kedah, and parts of Sumatra, earning the region the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah.' After Iskandar Muda's death, the kingdom began to decline, and it eventually became a target for Western powers. The Dutch, through the Treaty of London and the Treaty of Sumatra, sought to claim Aceh, leading to the Aceh War, which lasted for thirty years and ended with the Dutch establishing control over the region in 1873.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Aceh

Aceh is a province in Indonesia, located on the northern tip of Sumatra Island. In the video, it is mentioned as the location where the Aceh Sultanate was established around 1496. The Aceh region is significant in the video as it was the center of the Islamic Aceh Sultanate, which had a profound impact on the region's culture and history.

💡Aceh Darussalam

Aceh Darussalam refers to the Islamic Sultanate of Aceh, which was established around the 16th century. The term 'Darussalam' signifies 'abode of peace' in Arabic, reflecting the Islamic nature of the kingdom. The video discusses how Aceh Darussalam expanded and became a significant power in the region under the leadership of Sultan Iskandar Muda.

💡Sultan Iskandar Muda

Sultan Iskandar Muda was a prominent ruler of the Aceh Sultanate, reigning from 1607 to 1636. The video highlights his strong leadership and resistance to foreign influence, particularly from European powers like the British, Portuguese, and Dutch. His reign is considered a golden era for Aceh Darussalam, with significant territorial expansion and cultural influence.

💡Islamic

Islamic refers to the religious and cultural practices and beliefs based on Islam. The video emphasizes the Islamic foundation of the Aceh Sultanate, with its rulers adhering to Islamic teachings and spreading the religion throughout their kingdom. The Islamic influence is evident in the cultural practices and the architecture, such as the mentioned Masjid Baiturrahman.

💡Sultanate

A sultanate is a type of government led by a sultan, which is a sovereign Muslim ruler. In the context of the video, the Aceh Sultanate was a powerful Islamic kingdom that controlled a vast territory in Southeast Asia. The sultanate's political and military strength are discussed, as well as its cultural and religious significance.

💡Sumatra

Sumatra is the world's sixth-largest island, part of Indonesia. The video mentions that the Aceh Sultanate was established on the Sumatra peninsula and expanded to include other regions. Sumatra serves as the geographical backdrop for the rise and expansion of the Aceh Sultanate.

💡European powers

The term 'European powers' in the video refers to countries like Britain, Portugal, and the Netherlands, which had colonial ambitions in Southeast Asia. These powers attempted to establish control over Aceh through trade and military force, but were resisted by Sultan Iskandar Muda.

💡Masjid Baiturrahman

Masjid Baiturrahman is a historical mosque in Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh province. The video mentions it as a surviving architectural relic of the Aceh Sultanate, reflecting the Islamic cultural heritage of the region.

💡Serambi Mekkah

Serambi Mekkah, which translates to 'Verandah of Mecca,' is a nickname given to Aceh due to its significant role in spreading Islam in Southeast Asia. The video indicates that the region's Islamic influence was so profound that it earned this title, highlighting its religious and cultural importance.

💡Perang Sabi

Perang Sabi, or the Aceh War, refers to the conflict that took place between the Aceh Sultanate and the Dutch from 1873 to 1903. The video mentions this war as a turning point that led to the decline of the Aceh Sultanate and its eventual subjugation under Dutch colonial rule.

💡Hikayat Aceh

Hikayat Aceh is a historical text that chronicles the history and stories of the Aceh Sultanate. The video refers to it as a source of information about the kingdom's legacy, indicating its importance in preserving the historical narrative of Aceh.

Highlights

The Aceh government was an Islamic kingdom established in Banda, Aceh Darussalam around 1496.

It was located on the Sumatra Emily peninsula during the sixteenth century.

The kingdom was founded in the area of the Lamuri kingdom and expanded to unite the region of Daya Pedir Lidi to Nakur.

Aceh Darussalam was born from the union of two previous kingdoms, Lamori and Aceh, through a marriage alliance.

After officially merging, the kingdom created a new power known as the Sultanate of Aceh.

The first ruler of Aceh was Ali Mughayat Syah, who served from 1496 to 1530.

The lineage of Aceh's rulers continued from Ali Mughayat Syah's son, Salahudin, to Sultan Iskandar Muda.

Sultan Iskandar Muda ruled from 1607 to 1636 and was known for his strong rejection of foreign cooperation.

He was aware of foreign tricks to exploit his resources, and thus, he did not allow any foreign cooperation.

Sultan Iskandar Muda built a strong military force equipped with advanced weapons, including cannons.

Despite attempts by Portugal, the Netherlands, and England to seize power in Aceh, they eventually chose to shift their focus to Java and Maluku.

Under Sultan Iskandar Muda's rule, Aceh Darussalam expanded its territory, including parts of the Malay Peninsula and most of Sumatra.

The region was heavily influenced by Islamic culture, earning the nickname 'Serambi Mekkah'.

After Sultan Iskandar Muda's death in December 1636, his successors were less capable of maintaining the greatness of the Aceh kingdom.

The once-great Aceh kingdom began to decline and became more susceptible to foreign influence.

The Dutch eventually declared war on the Aceh Sultanate, leading to the Aceh War which lasted for thirty years.

The last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah, was forced to acknowledge Dutch sovereignty over Aceh.

After the war, Aceh was administratively incorporated into the Dutch East Indies, which became the ancestor of modern Indonesia.

The grandeur of the Aceh kingdom can still be seen through many historical sites, such as the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh.

Other remnants of the Aceh kingdom include the Taman Sari, Gunongan Benteng Indrapatra, and the tomb of Sultan Iskandar Muda.

The Aceh kingdom's legacy is also preserved in the Hikayat Aceh, a historical narrative of the region.