#part1 Ch 17 Investment - Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah 2

Summary

This educational video delves into the intricacies of investment accounting, focusing on Chapter 17 from the 'Software for Intermediate Accounting' book. It aims to clarify the concepts of debt and equity investments, and the distinctions between them. The video discusses the motivations behind corporate investments, such as utilizing excess funds to generate returns, and the different classifications of investments based on management's intent and the contractual cash flow characteristics. It also explains the accounting treatments for held-to-maturity, held-for-collecting, and held-for-selling investments, emphasizing the importance of understanding amortized cost and fair value measurements in financial accounting.

Takeaways

• 📚 The video discusses Chapter 17 of an intermediate accounting book, focusing on investment accounting.
• 💼 Investments are categorized into debt investments and equity investments, with distinctions between held-to-maturity (HTM), available-for-sale (AFS), and trading securities.
• 💵 Companies issue debt or equity securities to raise capital, and these can be purchased by individuals or other corporations, making them investors.
• 🏦 Investors can be individuals or corporations seeking to grow their wealth through strategic investments, such as acquiring stakes in other companies.
• 📈 The purpose of investments is to generate returns, such as interest, dividends, or capital gains, by utilizing excess capital effectively.
• 📊 Investment classification is crucial for determining the accounting treatment, which can vary based on management's intent and the ability to predict contractual cash flows.
• 💡 The accounting measurement for investments can be either amortized cost or fair value, depending on the classification and the predictability of cash flows.
• 🔍 The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the business model and the characteristics of contractual cash flows for proper investment classification.
• 📉 Investments held for trading are measured at fair value through profit or loss, while those held to maturity are measured at amortized cost.
• 🌐 The video also touches on the concept of unrealized gains or losses and how they are accounted for in different types of investments.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The main topic of the video is investment, specifically focusing on accounting for investments as covered in Chapter 17 of the book 'Software for Intermediate Accounting'.

What types of investments are discussed in the video?

The video discusses two main types of investments: debt investments and equity investments.

What is the difference between debt and equity investments?

Debt investments involve securities like bonds where the investor receives interest payments and the return of principal at maturity. Equity investments involve shares of stock where the investor receives dividends and potentially capital gains.

Why might a company issue bonds or shares?

A company might issue bonds or shares when it requires a large amount of capital. Bonds are typically issued for debt financing, while shares are issued for equity financing, which also involves a transfer of ownership.

Who are the potential buyers of a company's bonds or shares?

Potential buyers can be individuals, other companies, or investors looking to invest in the company's debt or equity.

What are the motivations for a company to invest in other companies?

Companies may invest in other companies for various reasons, such as to diversify their investments, to gain access to new markets or technologies, or to increase their overall return on investment.

What are the different classifications of debt investments discussed in the video?

The video discusses three classifications of debt investments: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, and trading. These classifications affect how the investments are accounted for and measured.

How does the company's management intent influence the accounting treatment of investments?

The company's management intent influences the accounting treatment by determining whether the investment is classified as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. This classification affects whether the investment is measured at amortized cost or fair value.

What is the amortized cost method and when is it used?

The amortized cost method is used for debt investments that are classified as held-to-maturity. It involves recording the investment at its purchase price and adjusting it for interest and amortization over time.

What is the fair value method and when is it used?

The fair value method is used for investments classified as available-for-sale or trading. It requires the investment to be measured at its current market value, with any unrealized gains or losses reflected in the income statement or equity.

How do the contractual cash flows of an investment affect its classification and accounting treatment?

The contractual cash flows of an investment determine whether it can be classified as held-to-maturity or if it must be classified as available-for-sale or trading. If the cash flows are predictable and consistent with the terms of the investment, it may be classified as held-to-maturity and measured at amortized cost. Otherwise, it is likely to be measured at fair value.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Investment Accounting

This paragraph introduces the topic of investment accounting, focusing on Chapter 17 from an intermediate accounting textbook. The chapter aims to provide an understanding of investment accounting, which includes both debt and equity investments. It discusses the different types of investments such as bonds, stocks, and the expectations set for the chapter, including understanding the preview of topics like debt and equity investments. The script also touches on the reasons why companies issue debt or equity, such as needing large amounts of capital, and the role of investors in purchasing these securities. It explains the concept of investment from the perspective of both individuals and companies, highlighting the strategic reasons behind investing, such as acquiring other companies or generating returns through interest or dividends.

05:01

💼 Classification and Management of Investments

Paragraph 2 delves into the classification and management of investments, discussing the different categories of investment strategies and their accounting treatments. It explains the distinction between debt and equity investments and how they are treated in financial accounting. The paragraph also covers the criteria for classifying investments, such as the business model of the company and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. It introduces the amortized cost method and fair value measurement, explaining when each method is applied based on the predictability of cash flows and the company's intent for managing the investment. The discussion also includes the different classifications of investments, such as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, and trading, and how these classifications affect the accounting treatment.

10:02

📈 Investment Strategies and Their Financial Impact

Paragraph 3 continues the discussion on investment strategies, focusing on how companies manage their investments and the financial impact of these strategies. It explores the management of long-term versus short-term investments and the use of amortized cost versus fair value in accounting for these assets. The paragraph explains the criteria for using amortized cost, which includes the intent and ability to hold the investment until maturity and the predictability of contractual cash flows. It also discusses the fair value measurement for investments that are held for trading or are available for sale, where the intent is to sell them in the short term or the cash flows are not predictable. The summary concludes with a comparison of the accounting treatments for different types of investments, highlighting the differences in how unrealized gains or losses are recognized in the financial statements.

Keywords

💡Investment

Investment refers to the allocation of resources, such as money, with the expectation of generating an income or profit. In the context of the video, investment is discussed in relation to accounting practices, specifically focusing on the types of investments a company might make, such as debt securities or equity securities. The video aims to clarify the accounting treatment for different types of investments, which is central to understanding financial reporting.

💡Debt Investment

Debt investment involves lending money to an entity, such as a corporation, with the expectation of receiving interest payments and the return of principal at a future date. The video script mentions debt investment in the context of issuing bonds, which are a form of debt security. Companies issue bonds to raise capital, and investors purchase these bonds to earn interest over time.

💡Equity Investment

Equity investment refers to the purchase of shares or stocks in a company, which represents ownership in that company. The video discusses equity investment in terms of the percentage of ownership an investor might have, which can range from a small percentage to controlling interest. This type of investment is significant as it determines the accounting treatment and the potential for receiving dividends.

💡Amortized Cost

Amortized cost is an accounting method used to determine the carrying amount of financial assets, such as bonds. It involves spreading out the difference between the purchase price and the face value of the bond over the life of the bond. The video explains that amortized cost is used when the contractual cash flows from the investment can be predicted and are related to the time value of money.

💡Fair Value

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The video script discusses fair value in the context of investments that are held for trading or when the contractual cash flows cannot be reliably determined. Using fair value allows for the reflection of market conditions in the financial statements.

💡Bond

A bond is a type of debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest and to repay the principal at a later date. The video script uses bonds as an example of debt investment, explaining how they are issued and the expectations for returns from these investments.

💡Dividend

A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits. In the video, dividends are mentioned as a potential return on equity investments, where investors receive a share of the company's profits. The script discusses how the expectation of dividends can influence investment decisions.

💡Investor

An investor is an individual or entity that commits money, capital, or assets with the expectation of generating a return on the investment. The video script refers to investors as those who purchase bonds or shares, and it explores the different motivations and strategies behind their investment decisions.

💡Securities

Securities are financial instruments that represent an ownership position in a publicly traded corporation (equity), a creditor relationship with a corporation or governmental body (bonds or debentures), or rights to ownership as is the case with options and warrants. The video script discusses different types of securities, such as debt securities and equity securities, and their role in investment.

💡Financial Asset

A financial asset is any asset that has been acquired by an entity in a transaction with another entity as a result of past events and is recognized in the entity's financial statements. The video script mentions financial assets in the context of investments, explaining that they can be managed in different ways, which affects their accounting treatment.

💡Accounting Treatment

Accounting treatment refers to the methods and procedures used to record and report financial transactions and events in financial statements. The video script discusses the different accounting treatments for various types of investments, such as using amortized cost or fair value, based on the nature and intent of the investment.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of investment in Chapter 17 of the 'Intermediate Accounting' book.

Expectations from Chapter 17: understanding and explaining investment accounting.

Different types of investments: debt, equity, and derivative products.

Investment strategies and motivations, including using excess funds to generate returns.

The role of investors, which can be individuals or corporations, in purchasing securities.

Overview of Chapter 14 on debt securities and the decision-making process for companies to issue debt or equity.

Discussion on the classification of investments into held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, and trading categories.

Explaining the accounting treatment for different types of investments based on their classification.

The importance of determining the management's intent for investing in debt securities.

Criteria for classifying investments: business model and contractual cash flow characteristics.

Detailed explanation of the amortized cost method for measuring investments.

Comparison between held-to-maturity and available-for-sale investments in terms of cash flow predictability.

The concept of fair value measurement and its application for trading investments.

Implications of investment classification on financial reporting and the balance sheet.

Strategic considerations for investors when investing in different types of securities.

The impact of market conditions on the decision to hold or sell investments.

Summary of the key differences between held-to-collect, held-for-sale, and trading investments.

Accounting for unrealized gains or losses and their treatment in the financial statements.

Practical examples to illustrate the application of accounting standards for investment valuation.

Transcripts

Hai assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh pada video pembelajaran kali

ini kita akan membahas tentang

investment investment itu ada chapter 17

bukunya Oke software for intermediate

accounting

dari pembeli dari chapter ini diharapkan

kita itu dapat memahami dan menjelaskan

tentang Akuntansi investasi dan

investasi itu ada investasi surat utang

ada investasi ekuitas tidak ada DP

investment dan DP kulit dan equity

investment ya Ada the investment dari

good investment itu yang diharapkan dari

chapter ini Nah kalau kita lihat preview

dari chapter 17 ya ataupun poin yang

dibahas itu ada di sini tiap investment

kemudian equity investment dan nanti ada

hal yang lain-lain Jadi intinya itu

diduga ini diinvestasi utang dan

investasi saham Ya jelas pasti utan

investasi usaha kita akan mempelajari

pasifikasi Nya serta bagaimana

pengukuran Hai Kek nah sebelum kita

lanjut lagi kita preview dulu eh chapter

berapa ini chapter 14 tentang sekuritas

surat utang jadi emiten-emiten to

perusahaan ketika dia itu memerlukan

dana yang besar dan ini besar pilihannya

biasanya adalah menerbitkan surat utang

atau menerbitkan saham ya kalau

menerbitkan saham berada ada porsi

kepemilikan tipe hak lain kalau

menerbitkan surat hutang berarti dia

periode perusahaan harus memberikan

bunga-bunga itu kalau kita kemarin sudah

bahas ya tentang Bond pebble ada di

chapter 14 dan sekuritas saham atau

ikuti share ada di chapter 15 budaya

chapter 16 kecambah suka yang security

belapa DPR convertible seri convertible

security gitu nah ini emiten itu nanti

akan menerbitkan

Hai kedua ini atau diantara dari

sekuritas ini nah kemudian ketika dia

menerbitkan menjual atau issuing siapa

yang akan membeli ya yang membeli itu

bisa pihak perusahaan bisa perorangan

kita itu bisa membeli saham perusahaan

PT kita bisa membeli obligasi perusahaan

PT A dan sebagainya nah yang membeli

tentu saja namanya ada investor-investor

itu bisa

perorangan tadi saya bilang Bisa juga

perusahaan-perusahaan

perusahaan yang bergerak di investasi

atau perusahaan gak bergerak dari pedas

tapi dia ingin investasi di perusahaan

lain ya ingin memberikan utang ke

perusahaan lain itu bisa ya bisa menjadi

investor Kenapa perusahaan itu melakukan

investasi tentu saja biasanya kelebihan

dana kalau kita nggak punya dana banyak

yang Ngapain juga kita investasikan

pakai Apa itu investasi YouTube Tapi

kalau uangnya itu sampai berlebih nah

uang itu tuh sebaiknya diputar untuk

menghasilkan sesuatu yang menghasilkan

return Ini menghasilkan epitel gen atau

menghasilkan

pendapatan bunga atau menghasilkan

deviden nantinya gitu atau misalnya

investor itu punya strategi kartu

misalnya Katakanlah bisa perorangan yang

bisa perorangan ataupun bisa perusahaan

kisahnya di itu terkait dengan Agak

rancu atau agreement atau misalnya dia

itu ingin mengakusisi perusahaan lain

itu kan bisa saja dia membeli saham

perusahaan-perusahaan

lainnya membeli saham perusahaan lain

kemudian Mungkin dia nambah-nambah atau

Bagaimana anda sebagainya ya itu adalah

tujuan investor melakukan investasi kita

lihat investasinya Bentuknya apa saja

kalau misalnya emiten itu dia

menerbitkan surat utang dan sekretaris

saham Bond payable atau ikuti share

Kakak investor itu juga nanti akan

mempunyai kedua bentuk jenis industri

sebut ya kita lihat ya jenisnya ada the

investment yang pertama adalah

refreshment kemudian ada equity

investment the investment itu kita tahu

dia dari sekuritas utang yeah Dedes

kertas utang kemudian itu di investment

kita tahu itu dari secretas saham gitu

nah Dead investment sendiri sebetulnya

kalau kita bermain sebagai investor itu

macem-macem ya ketika kita mau

berinvestasi dalam bentuk obligasi bisa

saja kita itu mainnya kaya gini Iya

nggak bisa saja kita mainnya itu gini

keluarganya nek besoknya harga jual

nanti harganya terjual jadi artinya

obligasi itu dibeli dia tujuannya untuk

diperdagangkan deh trading atau misalnya

obligasi itu memang dibeli untuk

collection head collection head

collection ndak saling lagi gitu nggak

saya lagi artinya dia sampai jatuh tempo

nanti itu membeli obligasi jahat untuk

menanamkan investasi utang di perusahaan

lain tadi kemudian dia pegang tuh

obligasi ia sampai waktu ditentukan atau

sampai jatuh tempo Itu kalau head

populations Nah kalau head collection

and selling ya itu adalah investasi

sewaktu-waktu itu dijual tapi bukan

seperti tadinya terdekat memang

tujuannya udah diperjualbelikan tapi

kalau kagak collection and feeling itu

tujuannya adalah

dimiliki memang dimiliki tapi kita lihat

pasar kalau misalnya menguntungkan kalau

misalnya nanti kalau dipegang terus

misalnya merugikan juga gitu ya itu

biasanya dilepas gitu Nah kalau ikut

investment ikut investment sendiri juga

sebetulnya karena dia kepemilikan ya dia

porsi kepemilikan kepemilikannya itu

0-20 persen 20% sampai 50% atau di atas

mobil persen ini ada beberapa kategori

itu kurang lebih ya pembahasan di

chapter ini terkait dengan investasi

investasi berbentuk

dua jenis ada bentuk tiap investment ada

bentuk equity investment dan

masing-masing itu punya klasifikasi

tentunya masing-masing klasifikasi itu

akan menimbulkan

pengukuhan dan pengukuran atau

accounting treatment yang berbeda kita

lihat ya contrived seperti apa

kita mulai dulu dari DP investment by

the deep investment kita lihat DP

investment itu tipenya tipe investment

Oke ditipa aset tadi itu e-type dari

financial asset atau aset keuangan Ya

bisa dibilang bahwa investasi surat

utang atau investasi saham itu dikatakan

sebagai vanesia leased atau ah akuntansi

atau aset keuangan metode dia merupakan

aset perusahaan kemudian ini tadi yang

sudah kita bahas Iyah motivasi Um

melakukan investasi hajat ya

Hai hey kep investment klasifikasinya

sekarang karena kita harus menentukan

kita harus melihat harus tanya lagi

manajemen

klasifikasi dari investasi itu apa niat

perusahaan melakukan investasi utan itu

apa ya Teh karena tadi kan kita lihat

bahwa ada tiga kategori untuk investasi

utang kan kita lihat dulu apa nih maksud

dan tujuannya perusahaan karena itu

nanti akan terkait dengan pengukuran

akuntansi nya pengukuran aset keuangan

maka ini sini kita harus perhatikan nah

namun disini pasti ini kasih dan

pengukuran aset keuangan itu ternyata

bisa ditentukan dari ada dua kriteria

Oke ada dua kriteria yang pertama apakah

perusahaan Apakah model bisnis

perusahaan itu Bagaimana ya bagaimana

model bisnis perusahaan dalam

pengelolaan aset keuangan tadi itu ya

Apakah misalnya ya tadi itu dimiliki

sampai jatuh tempo atau Saya mau dijual

kayak gitu Hai Kemudian yang kedua

Bagaimana

karakteristik dari arus kas kontraktual

nya atas aset keuangan tersebut Atas

investasi keuangan tersebut Apakah kita

bisa menentukan

arus kas kontraktual atau enggak gitu ya

kita lihat di slide berikutnya seperti

ini kira-kira

jadi sini ada klasifikasi dan pengukuran

aset yang pertama eight oke kedua dulu

yang kita bahas Apakah karakteristik

arus kas kontraktual dan investasi itu

misalnya nih bisa dipastikan di awal

Apakah bisa dipastikan diawal apanya

arus kas kontraktual nya dan investasi

tersebut Apakah bisa dipastikan di awal

ketika misalnya kita melakukan investasi

Oke kalau iya berarti ukurannya

pengukurannya di dalam akuntansi kita

mengenal yang namanya amortized cost

kek amortized cost method kesini kalau

temen-temen eh temen-temen membaca lagi

mempelajari lagi ngecat ke-14 itu karena

daya amortisasi Kya Hai tombol Tesco

salah kira-kira seperti itulah ya nilai

yang tercatat gitu nih Tetep yang sudah

ada amortisasinya lagi gitu Kalau

misalnya itu Bond nah kemudian kalau

misalnya enggak dipastikan nggak bisa

dipastikan diawal berarti apa masuk ke

Ferio Nah apa sih maksudnya bisa

dipastikan pious Angga ini gitu bisa nih

kan tadi kita punya dua sekuritas kan

ada sekuritas utang sama sekuritas saham

nah diantara dua ini manakah yang bisa

dipastikan di awal

Oke jawabannya adalah sekuritas utang

Kenapa sekuritas utang bisa dipastikan

di awal pertama sekuritas utang itu

sudah jelas bahwa tahun kesekian

si investor itu nanti akan memperoleh

pengembalian dana Oke tuh berarti nanti

akan ada arus kas masuk yang kedua sudah

bisa dipastikan Bahwa tiap periode

investor akan memperoleh pendapatan dari

emiten itu artinya apa itu sudah bisa

diketahui di awal sudah bisa ditentukan

diawal tidak bisa dihitung dari AD awal

arus kas oleh arus kas kontraktual nya

Nah maka dari itu disini kita lihat ya

hidep karena bisa dipastikan di awal

karena ada prinsipal dan interfacenya

nah Mekkah sided ini tiap investment ini

gitu menggunakan amortized cost tapi

kalau ikuti tidak bisa tuh kita tentukan

kita pastikan

Hai dapat deviden tonggak belum tentu

kita misalnya nanti dapat deviden kan

gitu nah karena tidak bisa dipastikan

dan tidak ada pengembalian loh pokok

modalnya doakan karena disitu adalah

kepemilikan tidak ada pengembalian kan

enggak tahu penggemarnya Kapan maka

tidak bisa dipastikan harus kontrak

tuanya maka diambil menggunakan fair

value itu ya Secara garis besar yang

berikutnya para gini nah Apakah ada

kemungkinan diukur dengan version you

untuk yang DVD ya yang Dead ini atau

kasih saat kita lihat lagi nih slide

berikutnya Oke a tadi kita punya dua

klasifikasikan nah Kasih pasti yang

pertama Nikita sekarang lihat Bagaimana

pola pengelolaan investasi perusahaan

Apakah aset investasi tersebut akan

dikelola oleh perusahaan artinya akan

dipegang sampai jatuh tempo atau tidak

Kita lihat

jadi kalau misalnya diutang tadi itu ada

investasi jangka panjang akan deklasi

sepatu jangka pendek disini bukan

berarti saya Oh satu tonggak itu ke ini

untuk gampangnya jangka panjang jangka

pendek atau jangka panjang itu maksudnya

adalah itu dimiliki sampai jatuh tempo

jadi memperoleh pendapatan investasi

sesuai dengan arus kas kontraktual dan

tidak ada niatan untuk dijual dalam

jangka pendek keadaan biasanya orang

depan saya jual ya akhir tahun ini saya

jual yang enggak ada Saya mau beli

obligasi ini ya Sampai Nanti dia di

hasilnya dikembalikan lagi ke saya

uangnya gitu ya Nah itu kalau misalnya

dia seperti itu pengelolaan investasinya

maka dia menggunakan amortized cost Oke

tapi kalau misalnya dia jangka pendek

dia tidak dikelola artinya gini eh ada

investasi obligasi atau investasi Depkeu

mudian kok nanti ingin dijual lagi atau

saya memuja memang diperdagangkan maka

itu kita masukkan ke investasi angka

pendek dan disini menggunakan fair value

jadi aktif diperdagangkan ada niatan

untuk dijual Nah itu masuk ke penggila

pengukuran review oke nah

nih kira-kira ya jadi dari dua set kaki

itu kita bisa simpulkan seperti samarnya

seperti ini bahwa Dev Dev itu bisa

menggunakan amortized cost bisa

menggunakan fair value kalau itu disini

menggunakan review karena dia the night

kontraktual cash flow test gitu dites

arus kas kontraktual yang enggak bisa

enggak memenuhi itu walaupun selain

value nanti equite ada pengukurannya

lain lagi nanti kita bahas ya ketika

sampai equity kalau Ded tadi itu kan

kalau misalnya dia memenuhi bisnis model

repopulation kemudian ada kontraktual

harus cash arus kasnya bisa diuji

namakan dia menggunakan nomor vs Kosta

Pi kalau misalnya dia tray untuk trading

dia ada keinginan untuk dijual maka

menggunakan fair value untuk menjelaskan

untuk menentukan ini ya gitu karena di

lapangan ini mungkin yang akan menjadi

kunci gitu ya kalian nanti akan mencatat

seperti apa Hai

Apo seru kaget investment Oke kita

diinjak investment itu ada prinsipalnya

ada genrenya ya yang kita bahas sekilas

tadi ini sudah kita bahas tadi di awal

Bahwa tiap investment itu ada tiga

kategori oke Ada headphone collection

head population and selling and trading

hak hfc pakai sini saja enggak paya KFC

KFC dan trading ini akan menimbulkan

bungkreng berbeda ini amortized cost ya

oke Aceh ya saya terus sebagai Aceh ini

Aceh sedangkan yang dua ini adalah

menggunakan fair value meskipun nanti

kita lihat perbedaannya apa keduanya ya

ini headphone collection hfc menggunakan

amortized cost oke ya ndak jelas tadi

tapi kalau helpful collection dia jangka

pendek dia menggunakan kayu demikian

juga dengan trading berada

Apa bedanya bedanya adalah di

akutansinya kalau misalnya HF Hai itu

nanti ketika menggunakan tersalurkan

harus diukur di valuasi ulang nilai

tercatat dengan nilai pada kali ya kalau

misalnya ada beda unrealized gain atau

loss nanti dimasukkan ke usai mesin itu

masuk ke equity tapi kalau misalnya

file-nya trading ya itu MSG atau SG

masuknya langsung ke income itu bedanya

antara hfcs dan racing kayak gitu ya

kalau hfcs kan dibeli sih nanti

sewaktu-waktu dijual jika perlu atau

kondisi pasar menguntungkan tapi kalau

trading mandi beli tujuannya uang

diperdagangkan itu bedanya trading sama

hfcs ya seperti ini rangkumannya gitu ya

Nah setelah selain relation atau apakah

ada ADR income yang lain ya nanti ada

karena obligasi maka mendapatkan in a