How is PAPER Made from WOOD? Amazing Paper Production Factory!

Summary

This video explains the process of how paper is made from trees. It highlights the paper industry's global scale, emphasizing the use of cellulose from fast-growing trees like eucalyptus. The video covers every step, from tree felling and reforestation to the transportation of logs, debarking, and pulp production. The process involves cooking wood chips to extract cellulose, bleaching the pulp, and forming it into paper sheets through a series of mechanical processes. The final product is tested for quality before being packaged and distributed for use.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Each year, over 400 million tons of paper are consumed globally, requiring around 15 trees to produce one ton of paper.
• 🌲 Trees like eucalyptus, birch, and poplar are widely used for their fast growth and high cellulose content in paper production.
• 🪓 The paper-making process begins with tree felling using a 25-ton forest harvester, where selected trees are cut based on age, size, and health.
• 🚛 Harvested wood is transported to the paper mill, where logs are debarked and chopped into wood chips for pulp production.
• 🌿 Pulp is made by cooking wood chips in an acidic solution, dissolving the lignin and separating the cellulose fibers.
• 🧪 After the pulp is cleaned, it is bleached using chlorine-free methods like oxygen and peroxide to make white paper.
• 📝 The bleached pulp is then processed into paper sheets through mesh screens, pressing, and drying in a continuous paper machine.
• 📊 Quality controls, including checks for strength, weight, and smoothness, are conducted throughout the process to ensure paper standards.
• 📦 Paper rolls are cut into smaller sheets or kept as large rolls, depending on customer requirements, and prepared for distribution.
• 🔄 Automated robots assist in storing and feeding paper into cutters, where production reaches up to 55,000 sheets per minute.

Q & A

How much paper is consumed worldwide each year?

More than 400 million tons of paper are consumed worldwide each year.

How many trees are needed to produce one ton of paper?

Around 15 trees are needed to produce one ton of paper.

What is the historical origin of paper?

It is believed that paper was invented in China during the Han Dynasty around the 2nd Century BC.

How has the paper production process evolved over time?

The invention of the paper machine allowed mass production in the mid-19th century, and chemical methods for bleaching pulp were introduced to improve paper quality.

What is the primary material used to make paper?

The primary material used to make paper is wood pulp, which is extracted from cellulose found in trees.

Why are eucalyptus trees widely used in paper production?

Eucalyptus trees are used because they have a high cellulose content in their wood, grow quickly, and are efficient for paper production.

How does the reforestation process contribute to the sustainability of the paper industry?

Reforestation involves planting new trees to replace those harvested, ensuring the renewal of forest resources and contributing to the sustainability of the wood supply for paper production.

What is the role of the 25-ton Forest Harvester in the paper production process?

The 25-ton Forest Harvester is used to fell selected trees in a controlled manner, turning them into manageable pieces of wood for transportation to the pulp and paper mill.

How does the paper mill process the wood to make paper?

The paper mill processes the wood by debarking the logs, cutting them into chips, and cooking the chips in a digester with an acidic solution to separate the cellulose fibers and create pulp.

What is the purpose of bleaching the pulp in the paper-making process?

Bleaching the pulp is done to remove any remaining lignin that would cause the paper to yellow over time, and it is done using chlorine-free methods like oxygen and peroxide to protect the environment.

How is the paper formed into sheets during the production process?

The paper is formed into sheets by pouring the pulp onto a continuous mesh, allowing the water to drain and the fibers to interlock. The sheet then passes through pressing and drying sections to remove water and provide strength.

What is the production rate of the paper mill mentioned in the script?

The production rate is 55,000 sheets per minute.

Outlines

00:00

🌲 The Journey from Tree to Paper

This paragraph delves into the massive scale of paper consumption, with over 400 million tons used annually, necessitating the harvesting of approximately 15 trees per ton of paper produced. The paper production process, which can reach 55,000 sheets per minute, begins with the felling of trees using a 25-ton Forest Harvester. The wood is then transported to a pulp and paper mill where it undergoes a transformation. The historical context of paper's invention in China during the Han Dynasty and the subsequent advancements in paper machine technology and chemical bleaching methods are also highlighted. The paragraph emphasizes the use of wood pulp, primarily from fast-growing tree species like eucalyptus, which is both sustainable and efficient due to its high cellulose content and quick growth rate. The process of reforestation post-harvesting is crucial for maintaining a renewable wood supply for paper production.

05:03

🔄 The Paper Making Process

The second paragraph outlines the intricate paper making process that begins with the arrival of wood logs at the mill. The logs are debarked, chipped, and cooked in a digestor to separate the cellulose fibers from the lignin. The resulting pulp is cleaned and bleached using chlorine-free methods to ensure a white, high-quality product. The bleached pulp is then processed through a paper machine, where it is formed into sheets, pressed to remove water, and dried using heated cylinders. The paper's quality is meticulously checked at various stages, and the final product is rolled into large rolls, some of which are cut into smaller sheets or rolls for distribution. The efficiency of the process is highlighted by the production of 55,000 sheets per minute and the storage of rolls in an automated warehouse. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to watch a related video on Doritos production and to engage with the content by liking, sharing, and subscribing to the channel.

Keywords

💡Cellulose

Cellulose is a natural fiber found in the cell walls of plants, especially abundant in wood. In the video, it is highlighted as the primary raw material used to make paper. The process of extracting cellulose from trees like eucalyptus is a critical step in paper production, as cellulose fibers are essential for forming the paper sheets.

💡Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus is a fast-growing tree species commonly used in paper production due to its high cellulose content. The video mentions that eucalyptus is particularly efficient for paper making because it grows quickly, making it an optimal choice for plantations in tropical and subtropical regions. This ties into the theme of sustainability and resource management in the paper industry.

💡Debarking

Debarking is the process of removing the bark from logs before the wood can be used for paper pulp. In the video, logs are placed in a debarking drum where they collide and rub against each other, removing the bark. This step is crucial because the bark contains tannin and other chemicals that are undesirable for paper production.

💡Pulp

Pulp is the raw material made from cellulose fibers after the wood chips are cooked and treated. The video emphasizes how pulp is created in a digestor using an acidic solution to break down the wood's lignin. Pulp is a key ingredient in paper making, and its quality determines the final product's properties like strength and smoothness.

💡Sustainability

Sustainability is a major theme in the video, particularly regarding reforestation efforts after tree harvesting. The video explains how forest resources are renewed by planting new trees to replace the ones cut down, ensuring that paper production does not deplete natural resources. This practice helps maintain a sustainable supply of wood for the industry.

💡Reforestation

Reforestation refers to the practice of planting new trees to replace those harvested for paper production. The video discusses how this process is vital for ensuring the renewal of forest resources and supporting the sustainability of the paper industry. Reforestation is a direct effort to balance environmental impact with industrial demand.

💡Bleaching

Bleaching is the process of whitening the pulp to remove impurities and lignin, which can cause paper to yellow over time. The video describes how modern bleaching methods are chlorine-free, using oxygen and peroxide to achieve a high-quality white paper. This step is crucial for producing clean, durable paper products while minimizing environmental harm.

💡Paper Machine

The paper machine is a large industrial machine that forms paper sheets from pulp. The video explains that the paper machine pours pulp onto a continuous mesh, allowing water to drain and the fibers to interlock into sheets. This machine operates at high speeds to meet the vast demand for paper, producing large rolls of paper in a continuous process.

💡Digestor

A digestor is a large industrial cylinder used to cook wood chips in an acidic solution to dissolve lignin and separate the cellulose fibers. In the video, the digestor is shown as a key part of the paper-making process, transforming wood chips into pulp. The pulp is then used to create the paper sheets that will be processed further.

💡Selective Logging

Selective logging is the practice of carefully choosing trees for harvest based on their age, size, and health. The video mentions this approach as a method to ensure that only mature trees are felled, which helps maintain forest ecosystems. This concept ties into the broader theme of responsible resource management in the paper industry.

Highlights

Over 400 million tons of paper are consumed globally each year.

15 trees are required to produce one ton of paper.

Paper production reaches 55,000 sheets per minute.

Giant harvesters gather wood to meet the high demand for paper.

Paper was invented in China during the Han Dynasty around the 2nd Century BC.

The invention of the paper machine enabled mass production in the mid-19th century.

Chemical methods for bleaching pulp were introduced, enhancing paper quality.

The paper industry is one of the largest in the world, producing millions of tons annually.

Wood pulp, extracted from cellulose in trees, is the primary material for paper.

Fast-growing species from forest plantations are used for cellulose production.

Eucalyptus trees are widely used due to their high cellulose content and rapid growth.

A single eucalyptus tree provides oxygen for three people to breathe daily.

Some eucalyptus varieties can be harvested in 10 to 15 years.

The paper-making process starts with tree felling, using a 25-ton Forest Harvester.

Reforestation is carried out post-harvesting to ensure the renewal of forest resources.

The paper-making process at the mill begins with the arrival of wood logs.

Pulp is made from a mixture containing 65% eucalyptus, 25% birch, and 10% poplar.

Two tons of wood are needed to produce one ton of paper pulp.

Logs are debarked to remove unwanted chemicals like tannin.

The wood chips are cooked in a digestor to separate the cellulose fibers from the lignin.

The pulp is bleached using chlorine-free methods with oxygen and peroxide.

The paper machine forms paper sheets through a series of sections and screens.

The paper sheet passes through heated cylinders to complete the drying process.

Quality controls are performed to ensure the paper meets desired standards.

The finished paper is rolled into large rolls, some weighing over 35 tons.

The rolls are either delivered as is or sent to paper cutters for further processing.

Production can reach 55,000 sheets per minute, with 6,600 packs of printing paper produced in an hour.

Transcripts

each year more than 400 million tons of

paper are consumed worldwide around 15

trees are needed to produce one ton of

paper production reaches 55,000 sheets

per minute to meet this great demand

enormous Harvesters gather tons of wood

but how does wood become paper we

visited a paper mill to discover how

paper is made from trees It is believed

that paper was invented in China during

the Han Dynasty around the 2 Century BC

the invention of the paper machine

allowed mass production in the mid 19th

century chemical methods for bleaching

pulp were introduced which improved

paper quality the paper industry is one

of the largest in the world millions of

tons of paper are produced each year to

meet Global demand mainly wood pulp

extracted from cellulose found in trees

is used to make paper the wood used in

cellulose production comes from forest

plantations of fast growing species

cellulose is a natural fiber found in

the cell wall of plants and is

particularly abundant in Wood eucalyptus

trees are widely used especially in

tropical and subtropical regions they

have a high cellulose content in their

wood and grow quickly making them an

efficient option a tree like this

provides oxygen for three people to

breathe each day some varieties of

eucalyptus can be harvested in 10 to 15

years the paper making process begins

with tree felling in the forests trees

selected for Harvest are ch chosen

carefully considering their age size and

health selection may be based on a

selective logging approach where only

mature and ready to harvest trees are

cut selected trees are felled in a

controlled manner this process is

carried out using a 25 ton Forest

Harvester The Cutting head grips a tree

with a lathlike device and a saw just

under 1 m in size cuts the trunk the FED

tree passes through the head where four

blades cut off its branches and the saw

cuts it into more manageable pieces it

takes just 40 seconds to turn a Tall

Tree into a pile of wood chunks the wood

is loaded onto trucks and transported to

the Pulp and Paper Mill after harvesting

reforestation is carried out to ensure

the renewal of forest resources this

involves planting new trees to replace

those harvested contributing to the

sustainability of the wood supply for

paper production the paper making

process begins with the arrival of the

wood each day more than 200 trucks

loaded with hundreds of logs arrive at

the paper mill the wood logs are

unloaded in the designated area The

Machine's clamp can lift 25 tons of logs

at once with a single log at least 15

packs of copier paper are made paper is

made from a pulp that contains 65%

eucalyptus 25% Birch and 10% popler to

produce one ton of paper pulp 2 tons of

wood are needed first the cellulose must

be extracted but bark is rich in tannin

and other unwanted chemicals so the logs

must be debarked this process takes

place in a debarker that removes the

bark from the logs the logs are placed

in this enormous debarking drum inside

they collide with each other and against

the walls and the contact removes the

bark it is a process that lasts 20

minutes the bark will be burned to

produce the steam needed to make the

paper the peeled logs exit from the

other end onto a conveyor belt that

carries them to a cutter that first Cuts

them and then reduces them to chips the

largest source of wood chips for paper

making comes from recycled Sawmill

scraps the chips are stored temporarily

before entering the cooking process this

storage allows a continuous flow of raw

material throughout the manufacturing

process these five piles contain a total

of 30,000 tons of wood the next step is

to turn those wood chunks into pulp the

wood chips are transported to the pulp

mill on a conveyor belt upon entering

the pulp Mill the wood chips are

introduced into a digestor where they

are cooked in an acidic solution to

dissolve the linen and separate the

plant fibers the necessary chemicals for

the wood cooking process are prepared

and will be used in the digestion stage

to separate the linen from the cellulose

fibers during this step the linen

dissolves releasing the cellulose fibers

and creating a mixture called pulp this

enormous cylinder is the digestor where

the wood is cooked for several hours at

a temperature of

158° C pulp is the key raw material for

paper making and will undergo additional

processes to turn it into paper sheets

once cooked the brown pulp exits the

digestor and is sent to the thickener

with this spatula the quality of the

brown pulp is modified the obtained pulp

may contain impurities and remnants of

linin at this stage an additional

cleaning and defibration are performed

to separate the cellulose fibers and

remove any unwanted material the fibers

are washed to remove the acidic solution

I and the pulp is now soft and

fibrous next it needs to be bleached

before it can be used to make white

paper the pulp is bleached and filtered

to remove any remaining lining that

would cause the paper to Yellow over

time to protect the environment this

bleaching is chlorine free using oxygen

and peroxide the wood chips that entered

the pulp Mill have now been turned into

a soft white pulp the main raw

ingredient for making paper the prepared

pulp is taken to the paper machine where

the paper sheet formation process begins

the paper machine consists of a series

of sections and screens and the pulp is

poured onto a continuous mesh allowing

the water to drain and the fibers to

interlock to form the sheet the water is

extracted with this equipment which

operates at a speed of 1,60 m per minute

after the initial formation the paper

sheet passes through pressing sections

where some of the water is removed next

the sheet passes through heated

cylinders that apply pressure and heat

to complete the drying process this

process reduces the water content and

provides strength to the sheet between

the input and output the water

concentration in the pulp drops from 95%

to

5% subsequently it passes through a

calendaring stage where the paper sheet

passes between hot rollers that smooth

and improve the uniformity of the

paper's surface next technicians check

the paper's quality parameters and note

any anomaly

throughout the process quality controls

are performed to ensure the paper meets

the desired standards the weight

strength and smoothness are inspected

then the paper is rolled the now dry and

formed paper sheet is rewound into large

rolls these rolls can be cut into

smaller sheets according to customer

requirements with this transfer crane a

full roll is changed for an empty one a

roll weighs more than 35 tons and

contains 60 km of P paper some will be

delivered as is While others will go

through the paper Cutters the rolls are

sent to the automated Warehouse the

rolls that will be cut later are stored

in the warehouse robots Guided by rails

in the floor feed the paper cutter this

one produces copier paper the robots are

controlled from a central computer

operated by technicians then the paper

is cut into standard siiz sheets or

smaller rolls ready for distribution

production reaches 55,000 sheets per

minute four automatic receivers and

operators check the paper quality before

packaging the finished paper is packaged

according to customer specifications and

stored for shipment in just 1 hour

6,600 packs of printing paper are

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