Science, Technology, and Society 6 - Filipino Presidents and Science & Technology - Part 1

Summary

This video explores the impact of Filipino presidents on the development of science and technology in the Philippines. It covers the administrations of Carlos P. Garcia, Ferdinand Marcos, and Corazon Aquino, highlighting their initiatives and policies. Garcia established the National Science Development Board despite limited support for research. Marcos revitalized science education, increased funding, and established research institutes. Aquino replaced the National Science Technology Authority with DOST, created a science and technology master plan, and introduced free public secondary education, significantly influencing the nation's scientific progress.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ President Carlos P. Garcia established the National Science Development Board but had a lack of support for experimental work and low budgets for scientific research.
• 📚 President Ferdinand Marcos revitalized science education, increased funding for science projects, and established the Philippine Science Community in Bikutan, Rizal.
• 🌟 Under Marcos, scholarships for science students were introduced, and the Philippine Coconut Research Institute was modernized, along with the enactment of laws to promote scientific research and protect intellectual property.
• 🏫 President Corazon Aquino replaced the National Science Technology Authority with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), emphasizing its role in economic growth.
• 📈 Aquino's administration created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology, resulting in the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP).
• 🎓 The Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which made secondary education free, was a significant achievement under President Aquino's tenure.
• 🔬 Science for the Masses program was initiated to enhance scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos during Aquino's presidency.
• 🛠️ Marcos enacted laws that led to the establishment of various research institutes, including PAGASA, which continues to function today.
• 🌐 The script highlights the post-colonial period of the Philippines and the efforts of different administrations to develop science and technology.
• 📹 The video script is part of a series discussing the contributions of Filipino presidents to the field of science and technology, with the first three presidents covered in this segment.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The video discusses the contributions of various Filipino presidents to the development of science and technology in the Philippines during the post-colonial period.

Which presidents are covered in this video?

The video covers the contributions of Carlos P. Garcia, Ferdinand Marcos, and Corazon Aquino.

What were the key developments in science and technology during Carlos P. Garcia's administration?

During Carlos P. Garcia's administration, there was a lack of support for experimental research, marginal budgets for scientific research, and low salaries for scientists. However, he established the National Science Development Board.

How did Ferdinand Marcos contribute to science and technology in the Philippines?

Ferdinand Marcos revitalized science courses in public high schools, provided scholarships for science students, modernized the coconut industry, promoted intellectual property through a presidential decree, and established various research institutes like PAGASA and the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research.

What is one lasting contribution of Ferdinand Marcos to science and technology that is still in use today?

One of Ferdinand Marcos' lasting contributions is the establishment of PAGASA, the Philippine weather bureau, which is still operational today.

What major changes occurred in science and technology under Corazon Aquino’s administration?

Corazon Aquino replaced the National Science and Technology Authority with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and highlighted the role of science in economic recovery. She also created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology, which produced the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP).

What was the purpose of the Science for the Masses program introduced by Corazon Aquino?

The Science for the Masses program aimed to improve scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos.

What did Executive Order 128 during Corazon Aquino’s time achieve?

Executive Order 128 abolished Republic Act 3859 and gave assistance to Filipino inventors by providing financial aid, patent application assistance, and help in marketing their products both domestically and internationally.

What law did Corazon Aquino enact to promote free education?

Corazon Aquino enacted Republic Act 6655, also known as the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which provided free education at the secondary level.

What will be discussed in the second part of this video series?

The second part of the video series will cover the contributions of Presidents Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to science and technology.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Overview of Presidents' Contributions to Science and Technology

This paragraph introduces the video, which focuses on Filipino presidents and their contributions to the development of science and technology in the post-colonial period. The speaker mentions that the video will discuss the administrations of various presidents, including Carlos B. Garcia, Ferdinand Marcos, Corazon Aquino, and others. The video will be split into two parts, with the current segment covering the first three presidents.

05:00

👨‍⚖️ Carlos B. Garcia's Administration: Limited Support for Science

During Carlos B. Garcia’s presidency (1957–1961), there was a lack of support for experimental research, insufficient budgets for scientific studies, and low salaries for scientists, which discouraged many from pursuing scientific careers. Despite these challenges, Garcia established the National Science Development Board, a step forward in fostering scientific initiatives in the Philippines.

🏛️ Ferdinand Marcos: Extensive Advancements in Science and Technology

Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled for an extended period, implemented numerous initiatives to strengthen science and technology. He revitalized science education in public schools, increased funding for applied sciences, and established the Philippine Science Community. He also promoted scholarships for science students and supported the modernization of the coconut industry. Marcos' administration was marked by efforts to boost scientific research, including the promotion of intellectual property rights and the establishment of institutions like the National Academy of Science and Technology.

🏫 Marcos' Legacy in Science: Research Institutions and Development

Ferdinand Marcos further advanced science by establishing institutions like the National Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Complex at the University of the Philippines Los Baños and the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School. He also created agencies such as PAGASA and the Philippine National Oil Company, solidifying his significant impact on the country’s scientific infrastructure.

👩‍⚖️ Corazon Aquino: Strengthening Science through Institutional Reforms

Under Corazon Aquino’s administration, the National Science Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), underscoring the role of science in economic recovery and growth. Aquino's notable contributions included creating the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology, introducing the Science and Technology Master Plan, and enacting policies to support Filipino inventors and free public secondary education through Republic Act 6655.

🎓 Aquino's Science Initiatives: Empowering Filipinos through Education

Corazon Aquino also launched the 'Science for the Masses' program, aimed at improving scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos. Her administration’s reforms laid the groundwork for modern science and technology policies in the Philippines, promoting accessible education and innovation.

Keywords

💡Post-colonial period

The post-colonial period refers to the era after the Philippines gained independence from colonial powers, such as Spain and the United States. In the video, this period is the backdrop for discussing the development of science and technology under various Filipino presidents, as the country transitioned to managing its own resources and governance.

💡Carlos P. Garcia

Carlos P. Garcia was the President of the Philippines from 1957 to 1961. His administration is highlighted in the video for its lack of support for scientific research, providing minimal funding and offering low salaries for scientists. However, he did establish the National Science Development Board, a key contribution to the country's scientific infrastructure.

💡Ferdinand Marcos

Ferdinand Marcos was a long-serving President of the Philippines (1965-1986) whose administration is noted for its significant contributions to science and technology. He revitalized science courses in public high schools, allocated additional funds for scientific research, and established institutions like the Philippine Science Community and the National Academy of Science and Technology.

💡National Science Development Board (NSDB)

The NSDB was established under President Carlos P. Garcia’s administration to oversee scientific research and development in the Philippines. It aimed to coordinate and support scientific advancements, though Garcia’s presidency is critiqued for limited funding. The NSDB played a pivotal role in the evolution of science institutions in the country.

💡Intellectual Property

Ferdinand Marcos enacted Presidential Decree No. 49 in 1972, focused on intellectual property rights. This law was designed to promote science and invention in the Philippines by protecting inventors and their creations. It was a crucial step in fostering a culture of innovation within the country during his presidency.

💡Corazon Aquino

Corazon Aquino was the first female President of the Philippines, serving from 1986 to 1992. In terms of science and technology, her administration is known for replacing the National Science and Technology Authority with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and creating the first Science and Technology Master Plan, aiming for sustained economic growth through scientific progress.

💡Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

The DOST was established under Corazon Aquino's presidency, replacing the National Science and Technology Authority. It plays a crucial role in overseeing scientific development and technological advancements in the Philippines, focusing on research, scholarships, and the promotion of innovation as part of national economic recovery.

💡Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP)

The Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) was developed under Corazon Aquino’s administration. This plan outlined the country’s long-term strategy for integrating science and technology into national development. It emphasized economic recovery through scientific innovation and aimed to make the Philippines competitive in global technological advancements.

💡Free Public Secondary Education Act

Also known as Republic Act 6655, this law was enacted by Corazon Aquino in 1988 to provide free public secondary education for all Filipinos. This act opened doors for more Filipinos to access education, which is a key factor in developing a more scientifically literate population, as highlighted in the video.

💡Philippine Science High School

The Philippine Science High School system, established by Ferdinand Marcos, aims to nurture young Filipinos with an aptitude for science and technology. Marcos expanded the system to Visayas and Mindanao, encouraging more students from various regions to pursue careers in scientific fields, which was a significant part of his administration's push for scientific development.

Highlights

Introduction to the contributions of Filipino presidents to the development of science and technology in the post-colonial period.

Carlos B. Garcia (1957-1961): Lack of support for experimental work and marginal budgets for scientific research during his presidency.

Carlos B. Garcia: Established the National Science Development Board (NSDB).

Ferdinand Marcos: Directed the Department of Education to revitalize science courses in public high schools.

Ferdinand Marcos: Channeled additional funds to support projects in applied sciences and science education.

Ferdinand Marcos: Proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the Philippine Science Community.

Ferdinand Marcos: Promoted scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science scholars, and introduced workshops on fisheries and oceanography.

Ferdinand Marcos: Aided the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to modernize the coconut industry.

Ferdinand Marcos: Supported the promotion of science research and invention with Presidential Decree 49, known as the Decree on Intellectual Property.

Ferdinand Marcos: Established the National Academy of Science and Technology with Presidential Decree 1038.

Ferdinand Marcos: Completed the National Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Complex at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB).

Ferdinand Marcos: Established Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School to encourage careers in science and technology.

Ferdinand Marcos: Created research institutes like PAGASA, the National Grains Authority, the Philippine Council for Agricultural Research, and the Philippine National Oil Company.

Corazon Aquino: Replaced the National Science Technology Authority with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).

Corazon Aquino: Created the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) and enacted the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology.

Corazon Aquino: Enacted Republic Act 6655, or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which opened the doors to free education up to the secondary level.

Corazon Aquino: Empowered the Science for the Masses program, aimed at promoting scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos.

Transcripts

in this another video for science

technology and society

we're going to talk about filipino

presidents and their contributions

in the development of science and

technology in the philippines

so we have already a lot of presidents

and

this is the part where we are now having

our post-colonial period

wherein we are you know totally

independent

away from colonial uh from colonies

rather

from the you know the spanish the

spaniards

and the americans so we're going to talk

about first under the presidency

or the administration of carlos b garcia

and then we're going to move on to

president ferdinand marcos

then the president corazon aquino

president fidel v

ramos president joseph estrada and

gloria mcavoy royale so we're going to

talk about their status the status of

science and technology during their

administration

so i'm going to cut this into two parts

i'm going to talk first about the first

three presidents here

and then the second one for a separate

video okay

so let's start this and we're going to

talk about carlos garcia

this time so president carlos speaker

sia who ruled from 1957

to 1961 this is his picture

and by the way all these pictures are

courtesy of

um philippine-history.org

so um picture is not mine okay let's

make that clear

so under his presidency of of carlos

pegarcia

there is actually lack of support of

experimental work

on research shall we say there's also

marginal budget

for scientific research and there are

low pretty much low salaries of

scientists during that time

which is pretty bad of course for those

who will

would want to become a scientist

mathematician biologists and such

and during his time he established the

national science development board

so pretty much that is those those are

the things that carlos b garcia

um enacted or the status during his time

of science and technology

let's move on to president ferdinand

marcos

um during president marcos time um

since we know that he have he has

he had ruled okay the philippines for

such a long time

um let's try not to talk about politics

here okay so

um let's just say that he ruled the

philippines for a long time so

pretty much you have a lot of laws or

developments for science and technology

so first he directed

the department of education to

revitalize the science courses in public

high schools

okay he also channeled additional funds

to support projects in applied

scientists

and science education unlike the

presidency of our president before

he proclaimed 35 hectares in bikutan to

gig

rizal as the site of the philippine

science community

which is pretty much a big land for that

scholarships for graduate and

undergraduate science scholars

and workshops and fisheries and

oceanography so he's the one who

who um pushed this push this up

scholarships also under his time

under under his administration he aided

the philippine coconut research

institute

to the nsdb also known as the national

science development board

to modernize the coconut industry he

also supported for the promotion of

science

research and invention with a pressured

presidential degree number 49 series of

1972

also known as a decree on intellectual

property thus the invention

he also enacted a law under presidential

degree number

103-8 series of 1976

to establish the national academy of

science

and technology okay so another

slide for president marcos okay he

enacted a law

on the completion of the national

agriculture and life sciences research

complex

at the university of the philippines at

los

banos so that's uplb okay except that's

under executive order number

840 series of 1982 he established the

mindanao

and visayas campuses of the philippine

science high school

to encourage careers in science and

technology

and also establish other research

institutes like pagasa

national grains authority philippine

council for agricultural research

philippine national oil company among

others so

pretty much president ferdinand marcos

have done a lot

in the development of science and

technology in our country so

one thing that i can i can say that it's

still functional now is pagasa

right so let's move on after ferdinand

marcos we have the next president we

have

president corazon aquino that's her

picture there

again picture not mine okay again it's

from

philippine.history.org so under

president aquino's time

the national science technology

authority was replaced

by the dost the department of science

and technology

science and technology's role in

economic recovery and sustained economic

growth

was highlighted during her time he

she also created the presidential task

force for science and technology

which came up with the first science

technology master plan also known as

stmp and also

um she established or enacted

the executive order number 128 abolished

the republic act number 3859

also known as the philippine investors

incentive act so what does that mean

so it gave assistance to filipino

investors through giving financial aid

a patent application assistance legal

assistance

and to help investors market their

products domestically and abroad

also she's the one who's the owner of

the republic act

6655 or 6655 or the free

public secondary education act of 1988

open the doors to free education up

until the secondary level

so if we're graduates of the pub if

you're a graduate of public high school

you should be grateful to president

aquino for that

corazon aquino okay okay and also

science for the masses program which

aimed at scientific and technological

literacy among filipinos

is also the one who wrote that okay or

empowered that

okay so that's it for this video we have

talked about the first three presidents

here

president garcia president marcos and

president corazon aquino

so we'll end this video now

okay and then we're going to talk about

the other three precedents

right after this so um please hold on

okay and click the next button so that

we can you could proceed to the next

video

so don't forget to like and subscribe

thank you very much see ya