BEGINI PROSES PEMBUATAN MINYAK GORENG DAN MARGARIN DARI KELAPA SAWIT! LANGSUNG OLAH.
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the recent scarcity of cooking oil and its rising prices, impacting consumers due to its daily use in various foods. It focuses on palm oil production, detailing the process from harvesting fresh fruit bunches to extracting crude palm oil (CPO). The script explains how CPO is refined into edible oil through purification, bleaching, deodorization, and fractionation. It also highlights Indonesia's 2020 regulation requiring vitamin A fortification in packaged cooking oil to combat vitamin A deficiency.
Takeaways
- 📈 The recent news highlights a significant rise in cooking oil prices, impacting consumers due to its daily use.
- 🌱 Cooking oil can be derived from both animal and plant sources, with the script focusing on plant-based sources like palm oil.
- 🌴 The process of making palm oil involves sorting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from palm plantations to ensure quality before processing.
- 🔍 Quality control is crucial as rotten fruits can increase free fatty acid values, affecting the final product's quality.
- 🌡️ Sterilization of FFB is done using steam to facilitate the separation of the fruit's mesocarp from the nut and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the oil quality.
- 🔨 The sterilized FFB then undergoes mechanical pressing to separate the mesocarp from the nut, with the nut being further processed or used as organic fertilizer.
- 🌟 The separated mesocarp is then processed to extract oil, which is done at high temperatures to separate the oil from the fiber and nut residue.
- 💧 Crude palm oil (CPO) is further refined through purification, bleaching, and deodorization to remove impurities, color, and odors.
- 🔬 The refining process includes fractionation to separate solid and liquid fractions, resulting in products like margarine and cooking oil.
- 🌐 In 2020, the Indonesian government mandated the fortification of packaged cooking oil with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency in the population.
Q & A
What is the impact of the recent oil shortage on society?
-The recent oil shortage has a significant impact on society as oil is a daily necessity for cooking and food preparation. The drastic increase in oil prices affects the general public's daily consumption habits.
What are the two main sources of cooking oil?
-Cooking oil can be derived from either animal sources or plant sources. Plant-based oils are also known as vegetable oils.
What are some examples of vegetable oils?
-Examples of vegetable oils include palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, almond oil, canola oil, and olive oil.
Why is the freshness of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) important in the oil processing industry?
-Freshness of FFB is crucial as it affects the quality of the oil produced. Overripe or rotten fruits can increase the free fatty acid value in the product, while unripe fruits can reduce the oil extraction rate.
What is the purpose of the sterilization process in palm oil production?
-The sterilization process uses steam heat to facilitate the loosening of the fruit's mesocarp from its shell and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the quality of the oil.
What happens to the empty fruit bunches (EFB) after the oil extraction process?
-Empty fruit bunches can be returned to the plantation as organic fertilizer or further processed to extract any remaining oil using an empty bench press.
How is the oil separated from the fruit's pulp and fiber in the oil extraction process?
-The oil is separated through a process called digestion, where the fruit's pulp is crushed to separate the fiber from the nuts and release oil cells. This is followed by an extraction process at nearly 100°C to separate the crude oil from the fiber and nut residue.
What is the role of the crude palm oil (CPO) in the refining process?
-CPO is the raw material that is sent to a refinery for further purification and fractionation to become edible cooking oil. This involves processes such as degumming, bleaching, deodorizing, and fractionation.
Why is the bleaching process important in the oil refining process?
-The bleaching process is crucial as it removes color-causing impurities, which results in a clearer and more appealing oil. Consumers generally prefer oils with a lighter color, even though darker oils are not necessarily inferior in quality.
What is the purpose of the deodorization process in oil refining?
-Deodorization removes odor-causing compounds such as free fatty acids through a high-temperature process, which helps to improve the oil's flavor and aroma.
How does the Indonesian government address vitamin A deficiency through its policies on cooking oil?
-The Indonesian government mandates that packaged cooking oil must be fortified with vitamin A to help reduce vitamin A deficiency in the population.
Outlines
🌳 Oil Palm Harvesting and Processing
This paragraph discusses the recent news of oil scarcity and the drastic increase in oil prices, which significantly impacts society due to the daily consumption of oil in various forms of food. It explains that oil can be derived from both animal and plant sources, with a focus on plant-based oils, specifically palm oil. The process of making palm oil from fresh oil palm fruit (TBS) is described, starting from sorting and grading the fruit to ensure quality, followed by sterilization to facilitate the separation of the fruit's flesh from the kernel and to halt enzymatic processes that could degrade the oil quality. The sterilized TBS is then pressed to separate the flesh from the kernel, with the separated flesh further processed to extract oil. The oil is then clarified and purified through various methods to remove impurities and water, resulting in crude palm oil (CPO).
🛢️ Refining Crude Palm Oil into Edible Oil
The second paragraph delves into the transformation of CPO into edible oil, which typically occurs in a refinery separate from the palm oil mill. The CPO is transported to the refinery where it undergoes a purification process that includes degumming to remove phospholipids and other impurities, followed by bleaching to remove color-causing agents, resulting in a clearer oil. The oil is then deodorized to eliminate off-flavors and odors at high temperatures, leaving behind a neutral-tasting oil. After these processes, the oil is fractionated into solid and liquid fractions, with the liquid fraction being the final product known as refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil. This oil is then packaged and marketed in various forms, such as pouches, bottles, or bulk, with some being fortified with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency in the population. The paragraph concludes by inviting feedback and discussion on the topic.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Palm oil
💡Sterilization
💡Threshing
💡Digestion
💡Clarification
💡Refining
💡Fractionation
💡Vitamin A fortification
💡Sustainability
💡Crude Palm Oil (CPO)
💡RBD Palm Oil
Highlights
Recent news about the scarcity of cooking oil and a drastic increase in market prices.
The impact of cooking oil prices on society due to daily consumption in various foods.
Cooking oil can be derived from animal or plant sources, with plant-based oils known as vegetable oils.
Vegetable oils come from a variety of plant sources such as palm, coconut, sunflower, peanut, almond, canola, olive, and more.
This discussion focuses solely on the production of cooking oil from palm oil.
Fresh palm fruit bunches (TBS) are sorted or graded before processing in the factory.
Processing is done to assess the quality of the fruit and to improve the quality of the final product.
Rotten fruit can increase the free fatty acid value in the product, while empty fruit bunches can reduce the oil extraction rate.
Only ripe fruit is good for processing.
TBS palm fruit is sterilized using hot steam to facilitate the threshing process and stop enzymatic reactions that can degrade product quality.
Threshing is done to separate the fruit's flesh from the bunch.
Empty fruit bunches can be returned to the plantation as organic fertilizer or further pressed to extract any remaining oil.
The separated fruit flesh is then fed into a digester to separate the oil cells from the fiber and release the oil.
The crude oil is extracted at temperatures close to 100°C, and the oil is then separated from the fiber and nut residue.
The palm nut is further processed into kernel and shell, with the shell used as fuel for the steam boiler and the kernel for further oil extraction.
The crude palm oil (CPO) is then sent to a refinery for further purification and fractionation.
The refining process involves degumming to remove impurities, bleaching to lighten the color, and deodorization to remove odors.
After refining, the oil undergoes fractionation to separate solid and liquid fractions, resulting in products like margarine and cooking oil.
In 2020, the Indonesian government mandated the fortification of packaged cooking oil with vitamin A to combat vitamin A deficiency.
The final product can be marketed in various packaging forms such as pouches, bottles, or bulk.
Transcripts
yang
baru-baru ini kita dikejutkan dengan
berita tentang kelangkaan minyak goreng
dan fakta bahwa harga minyak goreng di
pasaran meningkat drastis meningkatnya
harga minyak goreng tentu sangat
berdampak bagi masyarakat karena memang
hampir setiap hari kita mengonsumsi
minyak goreng baik dari makanan yang
digoreng secara langsung seperti
gorengan kerupuk sayur tumis hingga
campuran dalam adonan roti pukis es krim
dan sebagainya
minyak goreng bisa berasal dari hewan
ataupun dari tumbuhan minyak goreng yang
berasal dari tumbuhan disebut juga
dengan minyak nabati
minyak nabati pun beraneka ragam ada
yang berasal dari kelapa kelapa sawit
biji bunga matahari kacang tanah alpukat
kanola zaitun dan sebagainya namun pada
Khan kali ini kami hanya akan membahas
tentang pembuatan minyak goreng dari
kelapa sawit
buah kelapa sawit segar atau TBS tandan
buah segar dari kebun kelapa sawit
biasanya disortir atau dilakukan grading
terlebih dahulu sebelum diolah di pabrik
pengolahan kelapa sawit
proses ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui
mutu buah yang akan diolah dan
setidaknya juga dapat meningkatkan mutu
hasil pengolahan buah yang busuk akan
meningkatkan nilai asam lemak bebas pada
produk sedangkan Janjang kosong tangkai
buah yang terlalu panjang dan buah yang
mentah akan dapat mengurangi tingkat
ekstraksi minyak hanya buah yang
benar-benar matang pada waktunya lah
yang baik untuk diolah
[Musik]
Hai setelah itu
TBS kelapa sawit dimasukkan ke dalam
mesin sterilisasi
proses sterilisasi menggunakan uap panas
dari ketel uap
proses ini berfungsi untuk memudahkan
proses perontokan brondolan kelapa sawit
dari tandanya dan juga untuk
menghentikan metabolisme dalam buah atau
menghentikan proses enzimatik yang dapat
menurunkan mutu produk
setelah melewati sterilisasi TBS masuk
kedalam mesin perontok biasanya
perontokan dilakukan dengan membanting
tandan buah di dalam mesin fungsinya
yaitu untuk memisahkan brondolan kelapa
sawit dari tandannya
Hai tandan yang sudah tidak mengandung
brondolan biasanya disebut tandan kosong
tandan kosong ini bisa dikembalikan lagi
ke kebun sebagai pupuk organik atau bisa
juga terlebih dahulu diekstraksi San
minyaknya menggunakan empty bench press
brondolan yang sudah terpisah kemudian
masuk kedalam mesin pencerna pelumat
atau register yang fungsinya untuk
melumat atau mencerna daging buah
memisahkan serat dari bijinya
melepaskan sel-sel minyak sebelum
Nantinya di ekstraktif pelumatan terjadi
pada suhu hampir 100° Celcius setelah
dicerna atau dilumat hasilnya masuk
kedalam mesin ekstraksi atau mesin press
yang fungsinya untuk memisahkan minyak
kotor dengan ampasnya yang berisi serat
dan biji kelapa sawit
Hai biji kelapa sawit tersebut nantinya
akan dipecah menjadi cangkang dan inti
sawit cangkang sawit ini bersamaan
dengan serat tadi nantinya akan
dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar ketel uap
sedangkan inti sawit akan diolah kembali
untuk diambil minyaknya tisak
kembali ke minyak kotor tadi setelah di
flash
setelah keluar dari mesin press minyak
kotor akan masuk ke dalam tangki
pengikat pasir atau centred tank yang
berfungsi untuk memisahkan pasir dari
minyak kotor
kemudian minyak kotor yang sudah
dipisahkan dari pasir disaring dari
sisa-sisa serat dan kotoran sebelum
nantinya masuk ke dalam tangki
klarifikasi tangki ini
bekerja secara otomatis akan memisahkan
minyak air dan kotoran berdasarkan berat
jenisnya
minyak yang secara otomatis ada pagi ada
bagian atas dipindahkan secara overflow
ke dalam tangki purifier yang berfungsi
untuk memurnikan Minyak dari air dengan
titik didih yang lebih rendah air
otomatis akan menguap dan hanya
menyisakan minyaknya saja minyak ini
kemudian masuk kedalam mesin pengering
vakum yang fungsinya hampir sama yaitu
untuk menurunkan kadar air kemudian
akhirnya akan disimpan dalam tangki
penyimpanan Inilah yang disebut dengan
CPU atau crude palm oil
pengolahan CPO menjadi minyak goreng
biasanya dilakukan di pabrik yang
berbeda CPO dari pabrik pengolahan
kelapa sawit
kemudian dikirim ke pabrik pemurnian
atau refinery menggunakan truk atau
kapal
untuk menjadi minyak goreng CPO harus di
proses pemurnian dan pemisahan fraksi
proses pemurnian diawali dengan proses
di gaming atau pemisahan getah minyak
yang mengandung protein
fosfolipid dan lain-lain dengan cara
pemanasan dan pencampuran pelarut asam
seperti asam sitrat atau asam fosfat
setelah getah minyak dipisahkan minyak
kemudian melalui proses bleaching atau
pemutihan warna menggunakan bleaching
agent seperti bleaching Earth sejenis
lempung dari mineral fungsinya yaitu
untuk memisahkan zat-zat warna yang
menyebabkan CPU berwarna gelap atau
coklat kemerahan
zat warna tersebut nantinya akan
terjerat oleh absorbent tadi sehingga
Warna minyak menjadi jernih atau bening
biasanya apabila Warna minyak yang di
pasaran itu menjadi warna pada umumnya
yang bening itu tidak akan dipilih oleh
konsumen meskipun sebenarnya lebih baik
setelah itu minyak akan disaring untuk
dipisahkan dari bleaching Earth yang
tadi digunakan
setelah itu minyak akan melalui proses
penghilangan bau pada mesin hampa udara
yang sekitar bersuhu 200° Celcius
komponen penyebab bau seperti asam lemak
bebas akan menguap dan terpisah dari
minyak Nah setelah melalui semua proses
more pemurnian ini minyaknya itu
dinamakan dengan RB DPO refine Bleach
deodorize pump oil
RB DPO kemudian masuk lagi ke dalam
proses fraksinasi
yaitu pemisahan fraksi padat dan fraksi
cair di crystallizer
[Musik]
Hai suhu tertentu fraksi yang berubah
menjadi padat disebut dengan steering
sedangkan yang masih berbentuk cair
disebut dengan oleh Steven ini yang
nantinya kita kenal dengan sebutan
margarin sedangkan oleh kita kenal
dengan sebutan minyak goreng
oleng kemudian dipasarkan dalam bentuk
dapat berupa kemasan pouch atau kemasan
botol dan dapat juga curah atau balk
pada tahun 2020 pemerintah Republik
Indonesia mewajibkan penjualan minyak
goreng kemasan itu sudah ditambahkan
atau sedang melalui fortifikasi vitamin
A Hal ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan
defisiensi vitamin A di masyarakat
begitu so cukup rumit bukan
Semoga dengan penjelasan tadi Hai banyak
dapat menambah wawasan kita bersama
Apabila ada masukan dan ide pembahasan
lain Silahkan dapat ditulis di kolom
komentar sampai jumpa dan terima kasih
[Musik]
تصفح المزيد من مقاطع الفيديو ذات الصلة
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