2.3 Sejarah Sistem Operasi

Haryono Setiadi

6 Sept 202005:35

Summary

TLDRThis script discusses the rapid evolution of operating systems, closely tied to hardware advancements. It outlines four generations of operating systems: the first (1945-1955) marked the shift from mechanical to electronic computing, with no operating systems yet. The second (1955-1965) introduced text processing systems, but no formal OSs. The third (1969-1980s) brought multi-user, multi-programming systems with interactive terminals. The fourth generation (1980s-present) features networked OSs with graphical user interfaces, reflecting the widespread use of computers and the move from centralized to distributed computing.

Takeaways

💻 The history of operating systems has evolved significantly alongside hardware technology advancements.
📈 The development of operating systems can be categorized into four main generations, each reflecting the technological trends of their time.
🔢 The first generation (1945-1955) marked the beginning of electronic computing, replacing mechanical systems due to human limitations in calculation speed.
🔧 In the first generation, there were no operating systems as we know them today; computers were operated directly with no software abstraction.
📚 The second generation (1955-1965) introduced the concept of batch processing systems, where jobs were executed in a series and managed without an operating system.
👥 The third generation (1969-1980s) saw the development of multi-user, multi-programming systems, allowing multiple users to interact with the computer via terminals.
🌐 The fourth generation, starting from the 1980s, introduced operating systems designed for computer networks, emphasizing connectivity and the graphical user interface (GUI).
🖥️ The graphical user interface became a standard in the fourth generation, replacing command-line interfaces and making computers more user-friendly.
🌟 The evolution of operating systems has led to a widespread distribution of computing power, moving away from centralized mainframes to multiple interconnected computers.
🔄 Each generation of operating systems has been characterized by its response to the needs of the time, such as speed, efficiency, and user interactivity.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the provided transcript?
-The main theme of the transcript is the history and development of operating systems, which is closely related to the development of computer hardware technology.
How many generations of operating systems are mentioned in the transcript?
-The transcript mentions four generations of operating systems.
What is the time period for the first generation of operating systems?
-The first generation of operating systems is from 1945 to 1955.
What was the main reason for the shift from mechanical to electronic computing systems?
-The shift was due to the limited speed of human calculation and the propensity for human error, which led to the adoption of electronic computing to overcome these limitations.
What significant development is introduced in the second generation of operating systems?
-The second generation introduced the concept of batch processing systems, where jobs were executed in a series and processed in a sequential manner.
What is the time frame for the third generation of operating systems?
-The third generation of operating systems spanned from 1969 to the 1980s.
What are the key features of the third generation of operating systems?
-The key features of the third generation include multi-user support, interactive use through terminals, and multi-programming capabilities to serve multiple programs simultaneously.
What is the defining characteristic of the fourth generation of operating systems?
-The fourth generation is characterized by the use of operating systems for computer networks, with users being aware of the interconnectedness of computers and the introduction of graphical user interfaces.
What term is used to describe the user interface in the fourth generation of operating systems?
-The term used to describe the user interface in the fourth generation is 'graphical user interface' (GUI).
How did the distribution of computers change from the first to the fourth generation according to the transcript?
-In the first generation, computers were centralized, while in the fourth generation, they became decentralized, with computers being interconnected and distributed across various locations.
What is the purpose of studying the history of operating systems as mentioned in the transcript?
-Studying the history of operating systems helps in understanding the evolution of computing systems, the relationship between hardware and software development, and the advancements that have led to the current state of technology.

Outlines

00:00

💻 Evolution of Operating Systems

This paragraph delves into the rapid development of operating systems, which is closely intertwined with the evolution of hardware technology. The history of operating systems is divided into four generations, each reflecting the advancements in technology. The first generation, from 1945 to 1955, marks the beginning of electronic computing, replacing mechanical systems due to human limitations in calculation speed. During this period, computers operated without operating systems, requiring direct interaction. The second generation, spanning 1955 to 1965, introduced batch processing systems, where jobs were executed in a series and processed in a sequential manner. Although computers lacked operating systems, the functionality was present, exemplified by systems like IBM's SMS. The third generation, from 1969 to 1980, saw the development of multi-user systems that allowed multiple users to interact with the computer via terminals, both online and through multi-programming, serving multiple programs simultaneously. The final generation, from the 1980s to the present, introduced networked computers with graphical user interfaces, making computers more user-friendly and accessible, and marking the era of widespread computer use.

05:03

🌐 Distributed Computing and Operating System Functions

The second paragraph continues the discussion on the history of operating systems, highlighting the transition from centralized to distributed computing. It emphasizes the evolution through the first, second, third, and fourth generations of operating systems, which have led to improved performance and efficiency. The paragraph also sets the stage for learning about the functions of operating systems, suggesting that the next part of the script will explore these functions in detail.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡System Operating

System Operating refers to the software that manages the computer's hardware and software resources and provides services for computer programs. In the video, the evolution of system operating is discussed, highlighting its development in parallel with hardware technology. The script mentions that the history of system operating is divided into four generations, each reflecting advancements in computing technology.

💡First Generation

The First Generation in the context of the video refers to the initial phase of electronic computing systems, ranging from 1945 to 1955. This period marked the transition from mechanical to electronic computing. The script explains that this shift was due to the limitations of human calculation speed and the propensity for human error, necessitating a more efficient and error-free approach to computation.

💡Text Processing System

Text Processing System is introduced in the video as a feature of the Second Generation of system operating, which occurred between 1955 and 1965. It refers to the job processing done in a series or batch and then executed sequentially. This concept was significant as it represented the early forms of what we now know as system operating functions, even though computers at the time were not yet equipped with full-fledged operating systems.

💡Multi-user and Multi-programming

Multi-user and Multi-programming are key concepts discussed in the video in relation to the Third Generation of system operating, spanning from 1969 to 1980. These terms describe systems that allow multiple users to interact with the computer simultaneously, often through terminals connected online. Multi-programming refers to the ability of the system to run multiple programs at the same time, which was a significant advancement in computing efficiency and resource sharing.

💡Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Graphical User Interface, or GUI, is a term highlighted in the video as a feature of the Fourth Generation of system operating. It refers to a computer interface based on graphics, which is more user-friendly than the previous command-line interfaces. The script mentions that this era marked the shift from command-based interactions to more intuitive and visually oriented interactions with computers, making computing more accessible to a broader range of users.

💡Network Computing

Network Computing is discussed in the video as a characteristic of the Fourth Generation of system operating, particularly in the 1980s. It involves computers being interconnected, allowing users to be aware of the presence of other computers and to communicate or share resources. This concept is fundamental to the modern understanding of computer networks and the internet, which has revolutionized the way we use and interact with computers.

💡Hardware

Hardware in the video refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as processors, memory, and storage devices. The development of system operating is directly linked to advancements in hardware technology. As hardware becomes more sophisticated, the system operating must evolve to manage these new capabilities, enhancing the overall performance and functionality of the computer.

💡Batch Processing

Batch Processing is mentioned in the video in the context of the Second Generation of system operating. It is a method of processing jobs that are grouped together and executed in a series, without the need for user interaction. This was a significant step in automating computer tasks and improving efficiency, as it allowed for the processing of multiple tasks in a streamlined manner.

💡Terminal

A Terminal, as discussed in the video, is a device that allows users to interact with a computer system. In the context of the Third Generation, terminals were used by multiple users to connect to a mainframe computer, enabling them to run programs and access data. This was an early form of remote access and a precursor to modern-day computer networking.

💡User Interface

User Interface, or UI, is a broad term that encompasses the means through which users interact with a computer system. The video discusses the evolution from command-line interfaces to graphical user interfaces in the Fourth Generation. A user-friendly UI is crucial for making computers accessible and efficient, as it determines how easily users can navigate and use the system.

💡Decentralization

Decentralization is a concept mentioned in the video in relation to the Fourth Generation of system operating. It refers to the shift from centralized mainframe computers to a network of interconnected personal computers. This change allowed for greater flexibility, improved performance, and the ability to distribute computational tasks across multiple machines, which is a fundamental aspect of modern computing.

Highlights

The history of operating systems has experienced rapid development.

The development of operating systems is closely related to the development of hardware technology.

The history of operating systems can be divided into four generations.

The first generation of operating systems was from 1945 to 1955.

The first generation marks the beginning of electronic computing.

Electronic computing was introduced as a replacement for mechanical computing systems.

The limitation of human calculation speed led to the shift from mechanical to electronic computing.

In the first generation, there were no operating systems, and computers were operated directly.

The second generation of operating systems was from 1955 to 1965.

The second generation introduced the concept of batch processing systems.

Batch processing systems executed jobs in a series or batch.

Computers in the second generation did not have operating systems but had system operation functions.

The third generation of operating systems was from 1969 to 1980.

The third generation developed multi-user and multi-programming systems.

Multi-user systems allowed multiple users to interact with the computer via terminals.

Multi-programming enabled the execution of multiple programs simultaneously.

The fourth generation of operating systems emerged in the 1980s.

The fourth generation introduced networked computers and the concept of interconnected systems.

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) became prominent in the fourth generation.

The fourth generation marked the spread of computers everywhere, moving away from centralized systems.

The history of operating systems has seen a transition from command-line interfaces to GUIs.

The study of operating systems includes understanding their functions across different generations.