INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES || PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Summary

This video lesson delves into the concepts of independent and dependent variables, essential in research. It explains how dependent variables are influenced by other factors, while independent variables are controllable and can be manipulated. Examples provided include the impact of social media on academic performance and the correlation between study time and exam scores. The video also touches on control and confounding variables, using climate change and crime as illustrations, offering a clear understanding of variable relationships in research.

Takeaways

• 📚 Dependent variables are influenced by other factors and represent the outcome or effect of a study.
• 🔍 Independent variables are controllable factors that researchers can manipulate to observe effects on dependent variables.
• 📈 Examples of dependent variables include test scores, which can change based on study habits, sleep, and hunger levels before the test.
• 🔑 Independent variables are the reasons behind changes in dependent variables, such as the use of social media affecting academic performance.
• 🔬 In research, the relationship between variables is crucial, such as the correlation between gender and attitudes toward music piracy among adolescents.
• 🔍 Control variables are a special type of independent variable measured to ensure they do not influence the dependent variable.
• 🤔 Confounding variables are those not measured or observed in a study that could potentially affect the outcome.
• 🌡️ The script provides an example of climate change variables, including sea level, temperature, carbon emissions, and rainfall.
• 🚔 Variables related to crime and violence on streets could include the number of police officers, crime victims, and attempted murders.
• 🏫 Factors affecting student performance in college entrance exams might involve study time, entrance exam scores, and class size.
• 👍 The video encourages viewers to like, subscribe, and hit the bell button for more educational content.

Q & A

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in a study?

An independent variable is something that can be manipulated by the researcher, and it affects the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the outcome or effect that is influenced by other factors, including the independent variable.

Can you give an example of a dependent variable?

A test score could be a dependent variable because it can change depending on several factors such as study habits, sleep, and hunger levels before the test.

What is the role of an independent variable in a study?

The independent variable is something the researcher controls and manipulates to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Can you provide an example of a study where social media usage is the independent variable?

In a study determining the effects of social media on academic performance in mathematics, social media usage would be the independent variable, and academic performance would be the dependent variable.

What is a control variable in a study?

A control variable is a special type of independent variable that is measured in a study because it potentially influences the dependent variable, and the researcher tries to keep it constant to isolate the effect of the independent variable.

What is the purpose of identifying confounding variables in a study?

Confounding variables are factors that are not measured or observed in a study but could affect the dependent variable. Identifying them helps to ensure that the results are not biased by these unaccounted factors.

Can you provide an example of a confounding variable in the context of climate change?

In the context of climate change, possible confounding variables could include sea level temperature, the amount of carbon emissions, and the amount of rainfall.

What is the role of a confounding variable in the relationship between study time and exam score?

A confounding variable in this context could be the student's prior knowledge or learning style, which might affect the exam score independently of the study time.

How does the concept of dependent and independent variables apply to correlational research?

In correlational research, the relationship between variables is examined without necessarily implying causation. The independent variable is the one being correlated with the dependent variable to see if there is a relationship.

Can you give an example of a correlational research question involving gender and attitudes towards music piracy?

A correlational research question could be 'What is the relationship between gender and attitudes towards music piracy among adolescents?' Here, gender would be the independent variable, and attitudes towards music piracy would be the dependent variable.

What is the significance of understanding the difference between dependent and independent variables in research?

Understanding the difference is crucial for designing experiments and studies effectively. It helps researchers determine what they can manipulate to test hypotheses and what they expect to observe as outcomes.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Dependent and Independent Variables

This paragraph introduces the concept of dependent and independent variables in research. Dependent variables are those that change in response to other factors and are the focus of the study, such as test scores which can vary based on study habits, sleep, and other factors. Independent variables, on the other hand, are those that can be controlled or manipulated by the researcher and are used to influence the dependent variable. Examples given include the impact of social media on academic performance and the correlation between kilowatts used and the electricity bill. The paragraph also touches on the idea that sometimes independent variables cannot be manipulated, and it introduces the concept of correlational research with examples relating to gender attitudes towards music piracy among adolescents and the relationship between study time and exam scores.

05:01

🔍 Exploring Control and Confounding Variables in Research

The second paragraph delves into the role of control variables and confounding variables in research studies. Control variables are measured to account for their potential influence on the dependent variable, ensuring the study's validity. Confounding variables, however, are not measured or observed and can affect the outcome. The paragraph provides examples of variables related to climate change, crime and violence, and poor student performance in college. It also lists specific factors such as sea level temperature, carbon emissions, the number of attempted murders, prisoners, crime victims, law enforcers, and the number of kidnapping accidents as potential variables in these contexts. The paragraph concludes by encouraging viewers to like, subscribe, and stay updated for more educational content.

Keywords

💡Independent Variable

An independent variable is a factor that researchers manipulate or choose in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable. It is the presumed cause or reason behind changes in the outcome. In the context of the video, the independent variable could be the use of social media, which is thought to affect academic performance in mathematics.

💡Dependent Variable

A dependent variable is the outcome or effect that researchers are interested in and is influenced by the independent variable. It is something that changes in response to manipulations of the independent variable. For example, in the script, test scores are a dependent variable that could vary based on factors like study habits.

💡Correlational Research

Correlational research is a method used to examine the relationship between two or more variables to determine if a change in one variable is associated with a change in another. The video discusses this in the context of exploring the relationship between gender and attitudes toward music piracy among adolescents.

💡Control Variables

Control variables are aspects of an experiment that are kept constant or are measured because they could potentially influence the dependent variable. The script mentions control variables as a special type of independent variable that researchers account for to ensure the accuracy of their findings.

💡Confounding Variables

Confounding variables are factors that are not measured or observed in a study but could still affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The video uses the example of climate change to illustrate how variables like sea level temperature and carbon emissions could confound the relationship being studied.

💡Academic Performance

Academic performance refers to how well a student does in school, often measured by grades or test scores. The video script uses academic performance as a dependent variable to explore its relationship with the independent variable of social media usage.

💡Effect

In the context of the video, an effect is the outcome or result that is observed due to the influence of the independent variable. It is the change in the dependent variable that researchers are interested in studying, such as changes in test scores based on study habits.

💡Outcome

Outcome is synonymous with effect in this video and refers to the result of an experiment or study. It is what researchers measure to understand the impact of the independent variable on the situation or subject being studied.

💡Manipulate

To manipulate, in a research context, means to control or change the independent variable in a deliberate way to observe its effect on the dependent variable. The script mentions that researchers can choose and manipulate the independent variable, such as the amount of social media use.

💡Research

Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions. The video is a lesson on understanding research components, particularly the concepts of independent and dependent variables.

💡Variables

Variables are elements or factors that can have different values and are measured or examined in a study. The script discusses various types of variables, such as independent, dependent, control, and confounding variables, and their roles in research.

Highlights

Definition of dependent variables as those influenced by other factors.

Dependent variables are the outcomes or effects researchers are interested in.

Example of a dependent variable: test scores influenced by study habits and sleep.

Definition of independent variables as the factors that affect dependent variables.

Independent variables are controllable and manipulable by researchers.

Example of an independent variable: the use of social media affecting academic performance.

Dependent variable example: electricity bill depending on kilowatts used.

Introduction to correlational research and its focus on relationships between variables.

Example of correlational research: relationship between gender and attitudes toward music piracy.

Example of another correlational research: relationship between study time and exam scores.

Explanation of control variables as a special type of independent variable measured in a study.

Definition of confounding variables as those not measured or observed in a study.

Example of variables for climate change: sea level, temperature, carbon emissions, and rainfall.

Example of variables for crime and violence: number of attempted murders, prisoners, crime victims, and law enforcers.

Example of variables for poor student performance: entrance exam score, study hours, student-teacher ratio, and class size.

Encouragement to like, subscribe, and hit the bell button for more video tutorials.

Transcripts

[Music]

hello marco almad in this video lesson

we will discuss the independent and

dependent variables

so when say dependent variables depends

on other variables or factors it is

something that is influenced and

affected so ibiza b and pakistan be not

independent variable it is the effect or

the outcome so dependent variables are

what researchers are interested in they

depend on the

other factors

or for example a test score

could be dependent variable because it

could change depending on several

factors such as how much is studied how

much you sleep you get right before you

talk the test or even how hungry you

were when you top it so

again dependent variables into your

outcome or effect

depending on the factors or some

variables

hand

independent variables affects the

dependent variables it is something you

have control over one which you can

choose and manipulate however in some

cases you may not be able to manipulate

the independent variables so when you

say independent variables

or the reason behind changes

so s

so for example the researcher wants to

determine the effects of use of social

media in the academic performance of

students in mathematics

so what will be the independent viable

and dependent variable

of course your independent variable

nathan union use of social media and the

independent net and new academic

performance

and social media

academic performance

another example so independent variables

the number of are studying for a test

and then the test scores

so test score depends on the number of

rs studying for a test another

so let's say independent viable latin is

the kilowatts used in a household and

then the dependent variable is the

electricity bill

so electricity bill depends on the

kilowatts used in a household

so examples of correlational research

so what is the relationship between

gender and attitudes toward music

viruses among adolescents

independent independent viable

independent and dependent viable so

again what is the relationship between

gender and attitudes toward music's

piracy among adolescents

so what will be independent fireballs at

the independent viable net end so

independent variable nation is the

gender

and the dependent variables it's the

attitudes toward music viruses

another example what is the relationship

between the study time and exam score

among senior high school students

know about test scores and then

uh young's study time so i'm normally

independent variable nathan of course

that

sony making independent variable jump in

the study time and the dependent

variable is the exam score so i hope

naga pagoda

study or research

outcome or effect and then you

independent variable amount shy on costs

or reason and changes

then

so

many times

other kinds of variables the control

variables is a special type of

independent that are measured in a study

because they

potentially influence the dependent

variables and of course we have

confounding variables those that are not

actually measured or observed in a study

so according to regul of 2012 cited by

preto it gives advance this example of

variables

like for example the climate change

so what are the possible variables for

climate change

sea level temperature

the amount of carbon emission the amount

of rainfall

and

for

crime and violence on streets so what

are the possible variables animapedim

variables not indita number abrupt is

number of attempted martyrs

number of prisoners

number of crime victims

and number of law enforcers

also the number of kidnapping accidents

and for

poor performance of students in college

in trans exam so and

breading variables not in

or factors the entrance exam score and

pedinating quantify n

number of hours devoted for uh to study

student teacher race also is

a college entrance exam

number of students in the class daliana

divas

if you are in public school telegram

madame is a classroom

thank you for watching this video i hope

you learned something don't forget to

like subscribe and hit the bell button

put updated ko for more video tutorial

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