Science, Technology, and Society 3 - Antecedents in the Modern Ages
Summary
TLDRThis video explores pivotal innovations in the modern era, from the 1600s to the early 20th century. It highlights the compound microscope, enabling detailed observation of micro-worlds; the telescope, which revolutionized astronomy; the Jacquard loom, a precursor to computer punch cards and data processing; the Wright brothers' airplane, marking the dawn of human flight; and the invention of television by John Logie Baird. These technological milestones, while transformative, also introduced new risks to health, safety, and the environment.
Takeaways
- 🔬 The script discusses the antecedents in the modern ages, specifically from the 1600s to the early 20th century, highlighting the importance of transportation, communication, and production during this period.
- 🏭 Industrialization during the modern ages brought significant advancements but also introduced greater risks to human health, food safety, and environmental damage due to factories.
- 🌟 The invention of the compound microscope, also known as the light microscope, allowed for the observation of enlarged images of tiny objects, revealing the intricate details of the micro world.
- 🔭 Galileo Galilei is credited with improving the telescope, which he used to observe celestial bodies, including the moon's craters, sunspots, Jupiter's moons, and Saturn's rings.
- 🧵 The Jacquard loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard, automated weaving through the use of punch cards, which laid the groundwork for computer punch cards and data processing.
- 🛫 The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, are celebrated for inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane in 1903.
- ✈️ The development of airplanes has continued to evolve, leading to the creation of jet engines by Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain in the late 1930s, which enabled faster and higher flights.
- 🚀 Innovations in aviation have extended to electric aircraft, which use alternative fuel sources such as fuel cells, solar cells, and batteries for propulsion.
- 📺 John Logie Baird is recognized for inventing the mechanical television system in the 1920s, pioneering the transmission of moving images and later color television.
- 🎥 Baird's work with the BBC led to the first simultaneous sound and vision telecast in 1930 and the first British television play transmission in July of the same year.
- 🌐 The script concludes by mentioning that these are just a few of the many innovations in the modern ages, with a teaser for the next video focusing on innovations by Filipino scientists.
Q & A
What historical period is referred to as the 'modern ages' in the script?
-The 'modern ages' in the script refers to the period ranging from the 1600s to the 1920s of the 20th century.
What was the significance of the invention of the compound microscope?
-The invention of the compound microscope allowed the human eye to observe enlarged images of very tiny objects, revealing the fascinating details of the micro-world.
Who are the Dutch spectacle makers credited with the discovery that led to the creation of the compound microscope?
-Zacharias Janssen and his son Hans are the Dutch spectacle makers credited with the discovery that led to the creation of the compound microscope.
What role did Galileo Galilei play in the development of the telescope?
-Galileo Galilei, the father of modern physics and astronomy, improved upon the principle of lenses and created a much better instrument with a focusing device, which is known as the telescope.
What was the first major astronomical discovery made using Galileo's telescope?
-Galileo's first major astronomical discovery using his telescope was the observation of craters on the moon.
How did Joseph Marie Jacquard's invention of the Jacquard loom contribute to the advent of computers?
-Joseph Marie Jacquard's invention of the Jacquard loom introduced the concept of using punched cards to control the pattern on the loom, which later led to the development of computer punch cards and data processing.
What is the significance of the Wright brothers' achievement in aviation history?
-The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, are significant in aviation history as they successfully tested the first airplane that took off by its own power and flew naturally at even speeds on December 17, 1903.
What are the names of the two engineers credited with the development of the jet engine?
-Frank Whittle of the United Kingdom and Hans von Ohain of Germany are the two engineers credited with the development of the jet engine.
Who is credited with inventing the mechanical television system?
-John Logie Baird is credited with inventing the mechanical television system during the 1920s.
What milestone did Baird achieve in 1928 with television broadcasting?
-In 1928, Baird achieved the milestone of the first transatlantic transmission of a human face, which was a significant step in broadcasting.
What was the first British television play transmitted in 1930?
-The first British television play transmitted in 1930 was entitled 'The Man with a Flower in His Mouth'.
Outlines
🔬 The Dawn of Scientific Innovations in the Modern Age
This paragraph introduces the historical period known as the Modern Ages, spanning from the 1600s to the early 20th century. It highlights the significance of transportation, communication, and production during this era, particularly the advent of industrialization. However, industrialization also brought about increased risks to human health, food safety, and environmental damage due to factories. The video promises to explore some of the most important innovations of this period, starting with the invention of the compound microscope, which allowed for the observation of minute objects and opened up new realms of scientific discovery. The paragraph also mentions the invention of the telescope by Galileo Galilei, who improved upon earlier designs to enable astronomical observations that revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos.
📺 The Evolution of Communication and Flight
The second paragraph delves into the development of the Jacquard loom, which played a pivotal role in the automation of weaving and laid the groundwork for computer punch cards and data processing. The loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard, used a series of punched cards to control the pattern of the weave, leading to intricate textiles with speed and precision. The paragraph also discusses the invention of the airplane by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, who achieved the first powered, controlled, and sustained human flight in 1903. This breakthrough was preceded by numerous attempts using kites, hot air balloons, and other aircraft. The development of the jet engine by Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain in the 1930s is also mentioned, which significantly advanced aviation technology and led to modern commercial and military flights. Additionally, the paragraph touches on the emergence of electric aircraft, which are still in their infancy but show promise for the future of flight.
📽 The Pioneers of Visual Technology and Broadcasting
The final paragraph focuses on the invention of television, credited to John Logie Baird, who is celebrated for creating the mechanical television system in the 1920s. Baird's work led to the first televised images of objects in motion, the first televised human face, and the first moving object image. His efforts culminated in a successful transatlantic transmission of a human face, marking a significant milestone in broadcasting. The paragraph also notes the demonstration of color television, stereoscopic television, and infrared light television by Baird before 1930. His lobbying efforts with the BBC resulted in the first broadcast television on the Baird 30-line system in 1929, followed by the first simultaneous sound and vision telecast and the first British television play in 1930. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the key innovations discussed in the video and teases upcoming content featuring Filipino scientists' contributions to modern technology.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Industrialization
💡Compound Microscope
💡Telescope
💡Jacquard Loom
💡Airplane
💡Television
💡Galileo Galilei
💡Zacharias Johnson and Hans
💡Environmental Damage
💡Joseph Marie Jacquard
💡Orville and Wilbur Wright
Highlights
The historical period from the 1600s to the early 20th century is marked by the realization of the importance of transportation, communication, and production.
Industrialization during this period brought about greater risks to human health, food safety, and environmental damage.
The compound microscope, also known as the light microscope, was invented, allowing the observation of tiny objects in detail.
Zacharias and Hans Johnson, Dutch spectacle makers, are credited with the discovery that led to the compound microscope and telescope.
Galileo Galilei improved upon the principles of lenses to create a better instrument, which he called the telescope.
Galileo was the first to observe craters on the moon, sunspots, and the four largest moons of Jupiter using his telescope.
The telescope provided up to 30 times magnification and a narrow field of view, revolutionizing astronomy.
Joseph Marie Jacquard's invention of the Jacquard loom automated weaving and led to the advent of computer punch cards and data processing.
The Jacquard loom used a series of punched cards to control the pattern of threads, allowing for complex and precise textile patterns.
The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, are credited with inventing the first successful airplane in 1903.
The Wright brothers' airplane was capable of taking off by its own power, flying at even speeds, and landing without damage.
The development of the jet engine by Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain in the late 1930s led to faster and higher-flying aircraft.
Innovations in electric aircraft technology are ongoing, with some production models now available on the market.
John Logie Baird is credited with inventing the mechanical television system in the 1920s.
Baird's television system transmitted the first moving object image and the first televised human face.
The BBC began broadcasting television using Baird's system in 1929, marking a milestone in broadcasting history.
Transcripts
so in this next video in science
technology and society
we're going to talk about the
antecedents in the border ages
which ranges about um the 1600 until the
1900s 20s
20th century such okay so in this
modern ages this is where the historical
period when
people realize the importance of
transportation
communication and production and this is
where um
industrialization took place but of
course with this
industrialization there are of course
greater greater risk
on human health food safety and of
course this is
the start of where on the damaging of
our environment because of factories and
such
so anyways what we're going to talk
about in this video are the antecedents
in the modern ages
again there's a lot of them but we're
only going to tackle
some okay of the most important
innovations in the modern ages
one of them is the compound microsoft
microscopes
or some will call them the like light
microscope
so the invention of this light
microscope is and this is an instrument
that enables the human eye
by means of lens or combination of lens
to observe
enlarged images of very tiny objects
so it made us see the fascinating
details of the worlds
within worlds okay the micro world in
fact
so this is one of those early compound
microscopes
okay and this is the picture of it
um about 1590 there are two dutch
spectacle makers
zacharias johnson and his son hans while
experimenting with several lenses in a
tomb
discovered that nearby objects appeared
greatly and large
with this lenses that they that they
were experimenting
that was the forerunner of the compound
microscope and of course
of the telescope so in 1609
galileo the father of modern physics and
astronomy
heard of these experiments and worked
out this principle of the lenses
and he made a much better instrument
with
with a focusing device we will call that
the telescope rather telescope
so that's the end of the compound
microscope part
[Music]
and we will be moving forward with this
one
which galileo galilei discovered we're
going to focus now on the telescope
so first physicians cooking on sand
discovered glass
around 3500 dce but it took another 5
000 years
or so before glass was shaped into lens
to create the first ever
what we call the telescope hand slippery
lipper sorry hans lipperche i'm sorry
about that of holland
is often credited with the invention of
the telescope
sometime around 1600 16th century
he almost certainly wasn't the first to
make to make one
but it was the first to make the new
device widely known
okay so the telescope was introduced to
astronomy
in 1609 but by what we have
just um mentioned by the italian
scientist galileo galilei
and he was the first man to see craters
on the moon okay he went he went on
to discover sunspots okay obviously on
the sun
the four large moons on jupiter the
rings of saturn
okay um and many more his telescope was
similar to upper glasses it will you it
was used to arrange
it used an arrangement of glass lenses
to magnify these objects
this provided provided up until 30
times magnification and a narrow field
of view
so galileo can see no more than a
quarter of the moon's face without
repositioning his
telescope so that's it for the telescope
next
in our list is what we call the check
card loom
it's a loom okay so most people probably
don't think of weaving looms
okay as a forerunner of computers but
thanks to the french silk weaver
joseph murray jackard enhancement to
automated weaving helped
lead to the adventure of computer
computer punch cards
and the advanced advent of data
processing so this is
um the loom that java joseph murray
jacquard made
okay in leon he was a french
a jackard was employed in a factory and
used his spare time in constructing his
improved
loom in 1801 he exhibited his invention
at the industrial exhibition
at paris france in 1803 he summoned
he was summoned to paris to work for the
conservator
the parts at methier i don't think if i
if i pronounced that correctly a loom by
jack
in 1709 to 1782 deposited there
suggested various improvements in his
own
which he gradually perfected to its
final state so that is this is the early
beginnings of
of jacquard of the chakra loom so joseph
marie jacquard's invention was an
attachment
that sat on top of a loom okay
a series of cards with holes punched in
them would rotate
through the device and each hole in the
card corresponded with a specific hook
on the loom which serves as a command to
raise or to lower the hook
the position of the hook dictated the
pattern of raised and lowered threads
allowing textiles of repeat to repeat
complex patterns with a great speed and
precision
okay with great speed and position of
course this
um had a lot of issues in such a way
that you know it
there's a lot of people that that was
against this because it will lower
the manpower because instead of humans
using that it will be the loom itself
will be using that so
the labor um there was a an issue about
labor
but nonetheless the loom was declared
declared a public
property in 1806 and jacquard was
rewarded with a pension and a royalty
on each machine joseph murray jacker
died
on olean's rhone on the 7th
of august 1834 and six years later a
statue
was erected in honor in his honor at
lynn france
leon france okay so that's started the
jagged loom
okay after that let's go up in the air
and let's talk about
airplanes okay so who invented the
airplanes it was the wright brothers
specifically orville and wilbur wright
okay that's their names they are the
inventors of the first airplane
on december 17 1903 the wright brothers
launched the era of human flight
when they successfully tested a flying
vehicle that took off by its own power
flew naturally at even speeds and
descended
without damage so these are the right
brothers this is orville over here
this is wilbur okay so they are the
famous wright brothers
but just take note even before the
wright brothers took their first flight
in 1903
there are other inventors okay which
would be which would um
have have had made numerous attempts to
do so
okay among these are the kites the hot
air balloons the airships
zeppelins gliders and other types of
aircrafts
okay while some progress was made
everything
changed when the wright batters decided
to tackle the problem of a manned
flight okay um there is really
a human being there on that specific
plane or this airplane that they
discovered
so after the wright brothers inventors
continue to improve the airplanes that
they have
started this led to the invention of
jets
okay so which are used both in military
and commercial flights
and that's what we're enjoying now okay
a jet is an airplane propelled by of
course
jet engines uh jets fly much faster than
propeller powered aircraft and at of
course higher altitudes
and two engineers were the ones credited
with the development of a jet engine
namely frank whittle of the united
kingdom and hence vaughan ohio
of german germany it was during the late
1930s that they
um started this jet engines and this is
now the jet engine
airplane that we're enjoying now
since then some firms have developed
more
advanced techniques in flying airplanes
and they even
tried to to do the electric aircraft
that run on electric motors rather than
internal combustion engines so the
electricity
came from alternative fuel sources such
as fuel cells
solar cells ultra capacitors power
beaming and batteries and i know
um today there are even more
um innovations with this um electric
aircrafts
and i know technology in it is in its
infancy but some production models are
now already on the market
okay ready to be to be sold okay
and lastly in our antecedents in the
modern
ages one which we use okay
obviously right now is the television so
who's the one who
invented this john logie baird was was
one
was the one who was credited for this he
was born on august 13th
1888 in helensburg dunbarton scotland
and died on june 14
1946 in bex hill on sea sussex england
baird is best remembered for inventing
the mechanical television system
during the 1920s john baird an american
clarence w hansel
patented the idea of using arrays of
transparent rods
to transmit images for television and
fassimailis respectively so this is one
early a model of a television
okay um the television pioneer okay
baird created the first television
pictures of objects in motion in 1924
also the first televised human face in
1925
and a year later he televised the first
moving object image
at the royal institute in london his
1928 transatlantic
transmission of the image of a human
face was a broadcasting
milestone okay to tell you that
color television started in 1928
stereoscopic television and television
by infrared light
were all demonstrated by baird before
the 1930.
he successfully lobbied for broadcast
time with a
bbc okay the british broadcasting
company
and they started broadcasting television
on the beard 30 lion system in 1929
the first simultaneous sound and vision
telecast
was broadcast in 1930 and in july 1930
the first british television play
was transmitted it was entitled the man
with a flower in his mouth
okay and that ends pretty much our
antecedents in the modern ages
we have discussed only five of them out
of the many
hundreds or say thousands of antecedents
in the modern ages
so let me recall we have talked about
the compound microscope
from the compound microscope um the
telescope was
was created by galilee we have the
jackard loom by joseph marie
jackard we have the airplane by the
wright brothers
and we have of course the television by
baird
so that's it for our antecedents in the
modern ages
and that's it for this video thank you
for watching this is our fourth video in
science technology and society
um next up in our series will be i'll be
talking about
um antecedents and you know innovations
now this time made by filipino
scientists so
better check out my next video and hope
to see you
in the upcoming videos okay thank you
very much don't forget to like this
video and subscribe to my channel
um you will surely don't will not regret
that
okay thank you very much and see you
soon bye
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