Perlawanan Terhadap Belanda (Part 1)

Summary

This video script delves into the Indonesian resistance against Dutch colonial rule, focusing on three key uprisings: Pattimura's rebellion in Maluku, Prince Diponegoro's fight in Java, and the Palembang Sultanate's struggle. It highlights key figures like Captain Pattimura and Prince Diponegoro, detailing their motivations, strategies, and the Dutch response. The script also touches on the broader social and political context influencing these conflicts, revealing the complex dynamics of power, resistance, and colonialism in 19th-century Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses Indonesian history, focusing on resistance against Dutch colonial rule.
• 🏰 It introduces three key figures of resistance: Pattimura, Diponegoro, and the Sultanate of Palembang.
• 🛡️ Pattimura, also known as Thomas Matulessy, led the first resistance against Dutch rule in Maluku in 1817, motivated by burdensome policies of the Dutch East India Company.
• 👥 Pattimura was aided by figures like Martha Christina and her father, Kapitan Paulus, in his struggle against the Dutch.
• 💢 Diponegoro, the eldest son of Hamengkubuwono III, initiated a resistance movement from 1825 to 1830, driven by religious experiences and Dutch disrespect towards the Javanese court.
• 👥 Support for Diponegoro's resistance came from various societal classes, including the nobility who were affected by Dutch economic policies.
• 🏰 The Dutch employed the 'Benteng Stelsel' strategy, building forts and infrastructure to limit the guerrilla movements of Diponegoro.
• 🤝 Diponegoro's resistance was not isolated; he received support from the masses and the nobility who were discontent with Dutch rule.
• 👑 The Sultanate of Palembang resisted Dutch attempts to control the region due to its strategic and economic importance, including control over tin mines.
• 🛑 Sultan Badarudin II of Palembang was a central figure in the resistance, though his reign was marked by shifts in power between the Dutch and the British.
• 🏹 The resistance in Palembang was eventually quelled by the Dutch in 1825, leading to the end of the Sultanate and the exile of its leaders.

Q & A

Who was Kapitan Pattimura and what was his significance in the history of Indonesia?

Kapitan Pattimura, also known as Thomas Matulessy, was a figure of resistance in Maluku against Dutch colonial rule in 1817. He led the first resistance against the Dutch during their second occupation, rallying the people of Maluku to fight against the oppressive policies of the Dutch East India Company (VOC).

What were the reasons behind the resistance led by Kapitan Pattimura?

The resistance was due to several policies of the VOC that burdened the people of Maluku, such as being forced to provide materials for repairing Dutch ships and the obligation for young Maluku men to be trained as Dutch soldiers in Java.

What was the outcome of Kapitan Pattimura's resistance against the Dutch?

Despite initial success, Kapitan Pattimura was captured in November 1817 and was sentenced to death. He was executed at Fort Victoria in Ambon.

Who was Pangeran Diponegoro and what was his role in the resistance against the Dutch?

Pangeran Diponegoro was the eldest son of Hamengkubuwono III, a title for a king in Java. He led a resistance against the Dutch from 1825 to 1830, motivated by religious experiences and the Dutch's disrespect towards the Javanese court and its ancestors.

What were the social and political conditions that led to Pangeran Diponegoro's resistance?

The social and political conditions included the Dutch's increasing interference in the Javanese court, the perceived disrespect towards the royal family and ancestors, and the corruption within the court. Additionally, the Dutch's policies affected the local economy, such as the removal of the coastal land rent, which led to dissatisfaction among the nobility.

What was the Benteng Stelsel strategy used by the Dutch against Pangeran Diponegoro?

The Benteng Stelsel was a strategy where the Dutch built fortresses in areas they controlled and connected them with roads or bridges. This was done to limit the movement of Diponegoro's guerrilla forces and to tighten their control over the region.

How did the Dutch eventually capture Pangeran Diponegoro?

The Dutch tricked Pangeran Diponegoro by pretending to invite him for negotiations, but instead, they captured him and exiled him to Manado, where he eventually died.

Who was Sultan Badarudin II and what was his significance in the resistance against the Dutch in Palembang?

Sultan Badarudin II was the ruler of Palembang who led the resistance against the Dutch to protect the strategic and economic interests of his kingdom, including the control over the tin mines in Bangka-Belitung.

What was the impact of the Dutch's return to power in 1814 on the resistance in Palembang?

The Dutch's return to power in 1814 led to further conflict and resistance in Palembang. Despite initial setbacks, the Dutch eventually managed to conquer Palembang in 1821 after assembling a large army and exiling Sultan Badarudin II.

What was the final outcome of the resistance in Palembang?

The resistance in Palembang, which included an uprising led by Ahmad Najamuddin, the son of Sultan Badarudin II, was finally suppressed by the Dutch in 1849. The Sultanate of Palembang was abolished, and Ahmad Najamuddin was exiled.

What other resistances against Dutch rule are mentioned in the script?

The script mentions several other resistances, including the resistance of the Balinese people led by Gusti Ngurah Rai, the Padri War led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol, and the resistance of the Acehnese people with leaders such as Tengku Umar, and the resistance of the Banjar Sultanate led by Pangeran Antasari.

Outlines

00:00

🏰 Resistance Against Dutch Colonization in Indonesia

The first paragraph introduces the historical context of Indonesia's struggle against Dutch colonization, focusing on three key resistance figures: Pattimura, Diponegoro, and the Sultanate of Palembang. Pattimura, also known as Thomas Matulessy, led the first resistance in Maluku in 1817 against the Dutch, who had replaced the Portuguese and later the British. The Dutch's oppressive policies, such as forcing locals to provide ship repair materials and conscripting Maluku youth as soldiers, sparked the rebellion. Despite initial success, Pattimura was captured and executed in 1817, marking a tragic end to his resistance.

05:00

🛡 Prince Diponegoro's Five-Year Rebellion

The second paragraph delves into the five-year rebellion led by Prince Diponegoro from 1825 to 1830. As the eldest son of Hamengkubuwono III, a Javanese title for a king, Diponegoro was deeply religious and learned in Javanese literature. His rebellion was sparked by the Dutch's disrespect for the Yogyakarta kingdom and its ancestors, including the desecration of Prince Diponegoro's ancestral graves. The Dutch's political interventions and corruption within the palace, along with their economic policies that affected local nobles, rallied widespread support for Diponegoro's cause. Despite the Dutch's strategic 'Stelsel' fortification system to confine his guerrilla movements, Diponegoro's resistance persisted until his capture and exile to Manado, where he died in 1855.

10:03

🏹 The Sultanate of Palembang's Struggle for Independence

The third paragraph discusses the Sultanate of Palembang's fight against Dutch control due to its strategic importance for connecting Dutch territories in Java and Sumatra and controlling the tin mines in Bangka-Belitung. Sultan Badarudin II initially made a treaty with the British in 1811, which led to Dutch withdrawal, but later conflicts with the British and subsequent Dutch reoccupation in 1814 set the stage for the Dutch-Palembang War. Despite Badarudin II's efforts and a brief resurgence under his son, Ahmad Najamuddin, the Dutch ultimately quelled the resistance in 1825, exiling Badarudin II and later Ahmad Najamuddin. The Dutch then directly controlled Palembang, ending the Sultanate's rule and marking the end of the Palembang uprising in 1849.

Keywords

💡Perlawanan

The term 'Perlawanan' in Indonesian translates to 'resistance' or 'rebellion' in English. It is central to the video's theme, which discusses various forms of resistance against Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. The script mentions several rebellions, including those led by Pattimura, Pangeran Diponegoro, and the Sultanate of Palembang, illustrating the widespread nature of resistance movements.

💡Pattimura

Pattimura, also known as Thomas Matulessy, is a historical figure recognized as a hero of resistance in the Maluku Islands against Dutch colonization in 1817. His actions, such as destroying Dutch ships and occupying the Duurstede fortress, are highlighted in the script as emblematic of the struggle for independence.

💡Pangeran Diponegoro

Pangeran Diponegoro was a Javanese prince who led a significant rebellion against the Dutch from 1825 to 1830. His struggle is depicted in the script as a fight for religious and cultural preservation, as well as a response to Dutch political interference in the Yogyakarta Sultanate.

💡Kesultanan Palembang

The 'Kesultanan Palembang' refers to the Sultanate of Palembang, which was a significant political entity in Sumatra. The script discusses the resistance of Sultan Badarudin II and the subsequent Dutch efforts to subjugate and eventually dissolve the Sultanate, reflecting the broader Dutch colonial ambitions.

💡VOC

VOC stands for 'Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie,' the Dutch East India Company, which played a major role in Dutch colonial expansion in Indonesia. The script mentions the oppressive policies of the VOC that contributed to the resistance movements, such as forcing the local population to provide ship repair materials and military service.

💡Benteng Stelsel

The 'Benteng Stelsel' or 'Fortress System' was a Dutch military strategy mentioned in the script. It involved constructing a series of fortresses connected by roads and bridges to control and restrict the movements of the resistance forces, exemplifying the Dutch tactics to suppress rebellions.

💡Hamengkubuwono

Hamengkubuwono is a royal title used for the sultan in the Yogyakarta Sultanate. The script refers to Hamengkubuwono III as the father of Pangeran Diponegoro, indicating the royal lineage and the political significance of the family in resisting Dutch rule.

💡Raffles

Sir Stamford Raffles, mentioned in the script, was a British colonial officer who played a role in the political dynamics of the region during the period of Dutch and British colonial competition. His actions, such as the removal of Sultan Badarudin, had significant impacts on the local power structures.

💡Uprising

The term 'uprising' is used in the script to describe the various rebellions against Dutch rule. It is a general term for any revolt or resistance movement, as seen in the discussions of the rebellions led by Pattimura, Pangeran Diponegoro, and the Sultanate of Palembang.

💡Dutch East Indies

The 'Dutch East Indies' refers to the former Dutch colonial territory that encompassed what is now Indonesia. The script discusses the Dutch colonial presence and the subsequent resistance movements that emerged in response to their rule.

💡Tuntang Perjanjian

The 'Tuntang Perjanjian' or 'Tuntang Treaty' of 1811 is mentioned in the script as an agreement that placed the Dutch under British authority at the time. This treaty and its implications are part of the complex political history that led to the resistance movements discussed in the video.

Highlights

Introduction to the historical context of Indonesian resistance against Dutch colonial rule.

Discussion on the Dutch East India Company's (VOC) policies that burdened the Maluku community.

The first resistance against the Dutch in the second occupation of Indonesia led by Captain Pattimura.

The capture and execution of Captain Pattimura in 1817.

The strategic resistance by Prince Diponegoro from 1825 to 1830 against Dutch rule in Java.

The religious experience that motivated Prince Diponegoro to fight against the Dutch.

The Dutch intervention in the Yogyakarta Sultanate and its impact on Prince Diponegoro's decision to rebel.

The economic and social factors that led the Javanese nobility to join Prince Diponegoro's rebellion.

The Dutch strategy of the 'Benteng Stelsel' to counter Prince Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare.

The capture of Prince Diponegoro and his exile to Manado.

The strategic importance of Palembang and Dutch efforts to control the region.

The role of Sultan Badarudin II in leading the resistance against the Dutch in Palembang.

The fluctuating power dynamics between the Dutch, English, and local rulers in Palembang.

The final Dutch conquest of Palembang and the exile of Sultan Badarudin II.

The continuation of the resistance by Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin II and his eventual defeat.

The end of the Palembang Sultanate and the Dutch direct rule.

Upcoming lessons on additional Indonesian resistances including those in Bali, Padri War, Aceh, and Banjar.

Closing remarks and encouragement for viewers to enjoy learning about Indonesian history.

Transcripts

hai hai semua Assalamualaikum

warahmatullahi wabarakatuh senang sekali

Ibu Santi bisa kembali menyapa Kamu di

ruang tamu sebuah ruang untuk melakukan

meski terpaut Jarak Dan Waktu Halo

kalian yang duduk di kelas sebelas kita

hari ini akan belajar sejarah Indonesia

tentang perlawanan terhadap Belanda ada

banyak perlawanan kita bisa cek di Bagan

kemarin sudah bahas tentang perlawanan

ke Portugis kemudian di masa VOC dan

kali ini kita akan bahas beberapa

perlawanan pada masa kolonial Belanda

ada delapan Ya tapi di video ini kita

akan bahas tiga dulu Patimura Diponegoro

dan Kesultanan Palembang oke jus kita

mulai dari perlawanan Pattimura Kalian

pasti semua udah tau dong ya sama sosok

disamping kanan ini karena rata-rata

kalau jajan pakai uang seribuan ya Nggak

nggak ganggu nah ini adalah Kapitan

Pattimura atau yang

Hai dikenal dengan Thomas Matulessy oke

nah beliau ini adalah tokoh perlawanan

di Maluku pada tahun 1817 Maluku mulai

melawan pendudukan Belanda jadi Belanda

itu kan sempat Eh ada menguasai

Indonesia menguasai Indonesia kemudian

diganti Inggris terus datang lagi nah

pada tahun 1817 yaitu makhluk ini adalah

perlawanan Perlak pertama pada Belanda

di pendudukannya yang kedua

hai kenapa sih melawan karena ada

beberapa kebijakan-kebijakan VOC dulu

yang menurut masyarakat Maluku itu

memberatkan yang pertama menyediakan

bahan perbaikan kapal Belanda jadi

orang-orang Maluku masyarakat Maluku

harus menyediakan bahan perbaikan kapal

Belanda Selain itu para pemuda Maluku

Maluku juga wajib militer dilatih

sebagai serdadu Belanda di Jawa kitu

kemudian mulailah Thomas Matulessy atau

Kapitan Pattimura ini mengajak

masyarakat Maluku untuk melakukan

perlawanan pertama dengan menghancurkan

perahu-perahu beranda terus mengepung

dan menduduki benteng duurstede

Hai nah kemudian Belanda tuh kayak

kewalahan gitu loh terus Belanda

mendatangkan pasukan lagi dari Batavia

Terus eh nih ada tokoh lain Jadi Kapitan

Pattimura itu dibantu oleh Martha

Christina tiahahu dan ayahnya Pak

simarta ini yaitu ayahnya Bu Marta yaitu

Kapitan Paulus tiahahu gitu Tapi

sayangnya Kapitan Pattimura eh terdesak

di November 1817 Pattimura ditangkap

Hai dan sebelum kemudian sebulan

kemudian Kapitan Pattimura dihukum mati

di benteng new Victoria Ambon jitu Oke

kita next ke perlawanan kedua yaitu

perlawanan Pangeran Diponegoro yang

berlangsung cuma lima menit dari 1825

sampai 1830 enggak ya maksudnya selama

8eh selama lima tahun eh sebenarnya

Pangeran Diponegoro ini adalah putra

tertua dari Hamengkubuwono ketiga

Hamengkubuwono itu adalah gelar untuk

raja di Jawa yang

Hai Tapi beliau tidak tinggal bersama

raja di Istana Pangeran Diponegoro itu

tinggalnya bersama Ratu Ageng itu

neneknya di Tegalrejo setiap hari

Pangeran Diponegoro selalu belajar

tentang ilmu agama kemudian tentang

sastra Jawa kayak gitu-gitu dan karena

ada pengalaman satu pengalaman religius

membuat pangeran pangeran Diponegoro itu

terpanggil untuk memperjuangkan dan

melawan istana karena istana di sana tuh

diduduki oleh Belanda dan apa namanya

penuh dengan intrik persengkokolan dan

lain sebagainya nah sejak saat itu

Pangeran Diponegoro melepas Pogba juga

bangsanya dan menggantinya dengan baju

serba putih gitu

Hai nah sementara itu kondisi

sosial-politik di Kraton Jogja itu makin

kuat tanpa campur tangan Belanda nya

jadi eh Belanda itu makin ikut urusan

Keraton

Hai Terutama sejak zaman Herman William

Daendels Selain itu raja Jawa menjadi

bawahan jadi seolah-olah dianggap

sebagai bawahan Belanda gitu Belanda

juga melakukan penghapusan uang sewa

pesisir yang biasanya tuh disetorkan

pada Kerajaan padahal uang sewa pesisir

itu sudah berlaku sejak tahun 1746

hal ini membuat Hamengkubuwono dua jadi

marah gitu terus Selain itu di Keraton

juga banyak korupsinya Nah kondisi ini

membuat Belanda mudah untuk

mengintervensi dan melakukan strategi

adu domba

Hai nah ceritanya Belanda itu berusaha

membuat jalan teruskan bangun jalan tapi

menerjang memperingati tuh akan

menggusur makam makam leluhur Pangeran

Diponegoro di Tegalrejo hal tersebut

membuat Pangeran Diponegoro jadi marah

nggak suka dengan sikap Belanda yang

demikian karena berarti Belanda tidak

menghormati m

Hai kerajaan dan leluhur Keraton

Yogyakarta itu akhirnya Pangeran

Diponegoro mulai melawan Belanda dan

disini Pangeran Diponegoro tidak sendiri

karena banyak masyarakat yang sudah

merasa tidak percaya dengan Belanda dan

juga Keraton mulai member adab di

lindungan Pangeran Diponegoro selain itu

juga banyak bangsawan-bangsawan yang eh

Hai ikut-ikut di blog-nya Pangeran

Diponegoro jadikan ketika sewa pesisir

itu tuh dihapuskan terus mereka ini kan

punya modal nih mereka menyewakan tanah

tanah mereka pada orang-orang Eropa

terus orang-orang Eropa itu membuat

perkebunan kopi Nila tebu gitu Tapi

bayar sewanya ke mereka Lah terus sama

Belanda itu si pemilik modal ini para

bangsawan ini diminta untuk enggak boleh

menarik itu jadi sewanya tuh dihapuskan

Jadi mereka harus mengembalikan uangnya

sudah dibayarkan oleh para penanam modal

dari Eropa gitu jadi para bangsawan itu

merasa dirugikan mereka enggak punya

penghasilan lagi akhirnya mereka ikut

berjuang bersama pangeran Diponegoro

perjuangan Pangeran Diponegoro itu

dengan strategi greget Ril ya sedangkan

hai ketika 2 tahun berjalan dari jadi

dari tahun 1825 ketika 2 tahun berjalan

strateginya dari Belanda Ini dia

menggunakan Benteng Stelsel apa sih

Benteng Stelsel itu bener stelsel itu

adalah strategi dengan membangun benteng

di daerah yang berhasil dikuasai lantas

menghubungkannya dengan jembatan atau

Jalan JAdi misal mereka udah menguasai

suatu daerah di Magelang misalnya terus

mereka bangun benteng di sini terus

Muntilan mereka kuasai lagi misalnya

sama Belanda terus bangun benteng di

Muntilan dari Magelang ke mungkin tilan

itu dibuat infrastruktur entah itu jalan

atau jembatan gitu ya untuk memperkecil

mempersempit gerak gerilya Pangeran

Diponegoro itu nah yang sudah berhasil

dikuasai oleh Belanda itu dari Semarang

Ambarawa Muntilan Kulonprogo dan

Magelang

hai hai

Hai saking pusingnya Belanda pakai

Diponegoro kan tidak menyerah akhirnya

Belanda itu membuat sayembara untuk

menangkap Pangeran Diponegoro Siapa yang

berhasil menangkap Pangeran Diponegoro

akan diberi uang 20 Ringgit di masa itu

banyak banget gitu tapi rakyat tidak

rothys kesitu dibiarin aja nah irnya

hai eh Belanda pura-pura nih pura-pura

mengajak Pangeran Diponegoro untuk

berunding tapi ternyata Pangeran

Diponegoro ditangkap dan dibuang ke

Manado akhirnya Pangeran Diponegoro

meninggal di Manado pada tanggal 8

Januari 18-55 gitu terakhir adalah

perlawanan Kesultanan Palembang Kenapa

sih Belanda ingin menguasai Palembang

karena in 1 Palembang ini strategis

menghubungkan wilayah kekuasaan Belanda

yang ada di Jawa dan Sumatera yang kedua

belanja ini ingin menguasai tambang

timah di Bangka Belitung yang saat itu

berada dibawah Kesultanan Palembang

nah ini dia tokoh yang menjadi Garda

depan penyerangan perjuangan perlawanan

masyarakat Palembang yaitu Sultan

Badarudin 2 kalau kamu ingat-ingat

beliau ini fotonya ada di Uang 10000 and

Hai nah Sultan Badarudin 2 ini semakan

kau ni ada perjanjian Tuntang tahun 1811

di perjanjian itu disebutkan bahwa

Belanda itu takluk pada Inggris nah

ketika itu ketika itu sore ya batuk

hai ketika itu aku tidak semua prajurit

Belanda langsung hangkang dari Palembang

masih ada beberapa yang diri sana

akhirnya pada saat itu Sultan

hai Sultan Badarudin 2 mengajak

masyarakat untuk menyerang Belanda yang

masih tersisa di Palembang

KYT

Hai pada tahun 1812 Inggris menyerang

istana

I am menjarah istana serta melantik adik

Badaruddin menjadi Sultan dengan gelar

Sultan Ahmad najamuddin jadi adiknya

Sultan Badaruddin ini naik tahta

Badaruddin berhasil lolos namun pada

tahun 1813 Ia menyerah sikapnya

hai Sultan Badaruddin ini terus eh

tunduk pada Inggris membuat residen

Inggris di Palembang mendudukkannya

kembali Jadi Raja tapi Raffles Raffles

itu adalah penguasa tertinggi Inggris di

hindia-belanda tuh nggak setuju akhirnya

belum jadi 1 bulan Badaruddin dicopot

lagi dan najamuddin diletakkan lagi ke

Tahta nah antara Badaruddin najamuddin

ini nanti akan lebih Terus apa ya

bersitegang Sampai akhirnya Belanda

empat tahun kemudian sore the Iya empat

tahun kemudian

AKB48 belas 14 berarti berapa tiga tahun

kemudian itu Belanda berkuasa kembali

tahun 1814

Hai Kemudian pada tahun 1818 Belanda

menyerang Palembang eh karena tindakan

ini tidak mengakhiri perlawanan di

Palembang Belanda kemudian mengirimkan

ekspedisi kedua Pada tahun 1819 diluar

dugaan ekspedisi ini bisa dikalahkan

oleh Badaruddin akhirnya Belanda

membalas pada tahun 1821 dengan

menghimpun sebuah pasukan besar terdiri

dari empat ribu tentara akhirnya Belanda

berhasil menaklukkan Palembang serta

mengasingkan Badaruddin ke Ternate gitu

terus putra dari Sultan najamuddin ini

naik tahta digelari Ahmad najamuddin

juga jadi namanya sama Kemudian pada

tahun 1823 Belanda menempatkan Palembang

dibawah kekuasaan langsung mereka

Hai dan Kesultanan Palembang akhirnya

dihapus kemudian Iya si Ahmad najamuddin

Sultan Ahmad najamuddin yang puteranya

ini Putra Raja ini itu tuh enggak puas

gitu loh akhirnya dia menyerang garnisun

Belanda di Palembang pada tahun 1824

tetapi berhasil dipukul mundur oleh

Belanda kemudian Sultan melarikan diri

namun menyerah pada 1825 ia kemudian

diasingkan ke Banda kemudian di Manado

pada tahun 1841 pemberontakan itu

akhirnya berakhir pada tahun 1849 dan

sayangnya bisa berhasil ditumpas oleh

Belanda gitu ceritanya Nah itu tadi

adalah perlawanan beberapa perlawanan

terhadap kekuasaan Belanda besok kita

mau belajar 5 perlawanan yang lain ada

perlawanan rakyat Bali ini Gusti Gusti

ganti Ada perlawanan Sisingamaraja ada

perang Padri ini Tuanku Imam Bonjol

kemudian ada perlawanan rakyat Aceh ini

siapa coba ini Tengku Umar dan ada

perlawanan Kesultanan Banjar ini adalah

Pangeran Antasari Oke gitu Semoga bisa

dipahami semoga kalian menikmati video

kali ini bisa belajar dengan bahagia

Terima kasih salam semangat jangan gitar

belajar wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh