الرياضيات خلف الزلازل - زلزال المغرب | Les Mathématiques Derrière Les Tremblements de Terre - Maroc
Summary
TLDRThis video examines the mathematics behind earthquakes, specifically the wave equation governing seismic waves, the Richter scale quantifying earthquake magnitude, Poisson distribution for prediction, and Fourier transforms analyzing quake signals. It aims to demonstrate math's real-world applications, inspiring students to appreciate math not just as abstract formulas but a practical tool that can save lives. The speaker stresses math skills enable engineering earthquake-resistant infrastructure and technology aiding rapid response, while guiding future city planning. They encourage pursuing math regardless of major, as its problem-solving and analytical abilities aid all fields, potentially enabling major discoveries benefitting humanity.
Takeaways
- 😀 Understanding math behind earthquakes helps design earthquake-resistant buildings & save lives
- 🌊 The wave equation is like a GPS predicting how seismic waves will move underground
- 📏 The Richter scale calculates earthquake strength on a logarithmic scale
- 🔢 A 7.0 earthquake is 10 times stronger than a 6.0 earthquake
- 😮 Poisson distribution estimates probability of future earthquakes
- 🕵️♂️ Fourier transform analyzes complex seismic waves by breaking them into simpler components
- 👷 Math helps civil engineers build earthquake resistant infrastructure
- 🎓 Math inspires students to become scientists and save lives
- ❤️ Math is a universal language to understand the world and solve problems
- ☪️ Math discoveries can benefit the Islamic nation and humanity
Q & A
What is the wave equation and why is it important for understanding earthquakes?
-The wave equation describes how seismic waves propagate during an earthquake. Understanding this helps scientists design earthquake-resistant structures and predict seismic wave patterns to anticipate earthquake damage.
How does the Richter scale quantify earthquake magnitude?
-The Richter scale uses a base-10 logarithmic scale to assign a single number to quantify earthquake magnitude. This allows extremely large numbers to be expressed in a short and understandable way.
Why is the Richter scale logarithmic instead of linear?
-A linear scale would imply an earthquake of magnitude 7 is only one time stronger than a 6.0 quake. But in reality, each integer increase represents a 10-fold jump in strength, so logarithmic scaling more accurately captures this exponential growth in power.
How do scientists try to statistically predict earthquakes?
-Seismologists use the Poisson probability distribution to estimate future earthquake likelihood based on the long-term average rate at which quakes occur in a region. However, this cannot pinpoint exact quake dates and times.
What does the Fourier transform do?
-The Fourier transform breaks down a complex seismic signal into its constituent frequencies. This allows scientists to analyze the earthquake's characteristics, such as depth and damage potential, from the signal components.
How can understanding the math behind earthquakes save lives?
-Knowing mathematical earthquake models helps engineers build resistant infrastructure. It helps scientists anticipate damage, guide emergency response, and identify at-risk regions for better preparation and land-use planning.
What skills are developed by learning the mathematics presented?
-These mathematical concepts build problem decomposition, quantitative reasoning, and critical thinking abilities useful for science, engineering, data analytics, and more.
Why study math if you don't want a STEM career?
-Mathematics is a universal language for understanding the world, applicable across disciplines. Learning math enhances one's ability to interpret patterns, analyze information, and make informed decisions.
How can mathematics benefit the Islamic community specifically?
-Applying mathematical knowledge to develop life-saving seismic engineering, prediction methods, emergency plans, etc. serves the values of protecting human life and welfare in Islamic communities.
What message does the video try to convey about mathematics?
-It aims to show that math is not just abstract concepts but a practical tool to comprehend real world phenomena, identify patterns, and solve impactful problems facing society.
Outlines
😢 Opening with condolences for earthquake victims
The video opens by offering condolences for the victims of the recent earthquake in Morocco. It expresses sympathy for the dead, injured, and displaced, and prays for God's mercy and relief. The speaker then explains his motivation for making the video is to help people understand earthquakes mathematically in order to design earthquake-resistant infrastructure and anticipate risks.
📏 Explaining the mathematical Wave Equation behind earthquakes
This section introduces the Wave Equation that models seismic waves. It explains each component of the equation step-by-step. In essence, the equation predicts how seismic waves will propagate based on their speed and shape. This helps engineers design earthquake-resistant buildings and helps predict how different areas will be impacted.
📈 Breaking down the Richter Scale equation
Here the video analyzes the logarithmic Richter Scale formula used to measure earthquake magnitude or strength. It explains why a logarithmic scale is used and how each unit of increase represents a 10-fold rise in wave amplitude and energy released. This allows easy interpretation of an earthquake's severity and expected impact.
🔮 Using Poisson Distribution to predict earthquakes
This portion discusses using Poisson Distribution in statistics to model earthquake probability over time. It allows seismologists to forecast likelihood of earthquakes by analyzing patterns in historical data. However, it cannot predict exact timing. Still it aids preparedness efforts.
🕵️♂️ Breaking down earthquakes signals with Fourier Transforms
Finally, the video introduces Fourier Transforms used to analyze the complex seismic wave signals produced by earthquakes. It allows the waves to be decomposed into more understandable components that reveal insights about the quake itself. This is a core technique in engineering and data science.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡seismic waves
💡Richter scale
💡Poisson distribution
💡Fourier transform
💡wave equation
💡earthquake prediction
💡earthquake resilience
💡seismology
💡logarithm
💡wave characteristics
Highlights
The wave equation is the DNA of seismic activity and helps design earthquake-resistant buildings.
The Richter scale provides a universal language for discussing earthquake strength.
A 7.0 earthquake is 10 times stronger than a 6.0 due to the logarithmic scale.
The Poisson distribution helps estimate future earthquake probability based on past activity.
Humans still can't predict exact earthquake dates and times.
Log, exponential, and probability functions help understand natural phenomena.
The Fourier transform breaks down complex seismic signals into simpler components.
Identifying waveform components helps assess earthquake damage.
Fourier transforms are used in many fields from sound waves to finance.
Math is a universal language we use to understand the world.
Math helps solve real-world problems even in arts and social sciences.
Math is a useful tool for anyone to understand and participate in the world better.
Great math discoveries can benefit humanity.
Share math videos to show math's importance in daily life.
Math is more than equations - it's understanding phenomena to save lives.
Transcripts
Salam Alaykum
first, my sincere condolences to the victims of the earthquake that occurred yesterday,
may ALLAH have mercy
and may ALLAH grant relief to those who remained alive, and someone from his family died, or lost his home, or suffered harm in his health,
may ALLAH make it a forgiveness of sins
Secondly, why did I make this video?
Because in order to know how to deal with something, you have to understand it,
and to understand it, you have to know how it works.
Mathematics is the codebreaker that our Creator put for us in order to decipher this mysterious world,
starting from the movements of the atom to the rotation of galaxies in their orbits.
Why do you have to watch the video?
This video is very important so that you know why you study mathematics,
starting from high school and above,
and so that you do not feel absurd when you study what you study.
Anything in mathematics has an application on the ground
and can save lives or benefit humanity, ALLAH willing, if you specialize more
in this video, I'm going to talk quickly about the Wave Equation
which is the DNA of seismic activity,
and then I'm going to introduce you to the math behind the Richter Scale that you hear day and night,
which is like a loudspeaker that makes us hear the Earth's words,
and then we'll go through the approximate way that seismologists try to predict earthquakes,
although they have not yet reached a fixed equation,
and finally, how to analyze the fine details of earthquakes using the Fourier transform
Let us begin, with the blessing of ALLAH Almighty
In the name of ALLAH
The first thing to start with when looking into the mathematics behind earthquakes is the wave equation
Why?
Because seismic waves are what make an earthquake an earthquake.
Understanding this equation and delving into it helps us to design and build anti-seismic buildings that do not fall.
At the same time, it helps us to know how people felt the earthquake from their different places.
The wave equation is like a guide for seismic waves
especially those that occur after the earthquake. The first, which is called a back wave
is as if you were throwing a stone into a pond, and just like that...
The equation is something like this
do not panic, we will decompose it part by part.
This symbol is called the partial derivation
which is, in short, if there is a function with two variables
that means not only f (x) but f (x, y), and you want to derive it,
then here the function derives either with respect to x or with respect to y
if you derive it with respect to x, then you consider y as a fixed number,
and if it is by itself, then its derivation is 0, just like any constant,
and if you derive it with respect to y, then you consider x as a fixed number,
and also if it is by itself, then its derivation is 0
so we call this process partial derivation, and we denote it with delta, which is diminutive of the letter D
As for the "square exponent" located above and below, it means that we derive the function u twice for the variable t
This part is basically as if you are asking: How does the height of the seismic wave change over time?
The value c is the speed of the wave raised to the square power
and it tells us the speed at which the seismic wave travels underground
and this means that it travels c times faster
and finally, this part is similar to the first part, the difference here is that we derive the function twice with respect to the variable x
this part tells us about the height of the waves in Different regions of the Earth
after decoding this equation, what does it tell us?
Simply the equation tells you: based on the shape of the wave and its speed, this is what will happen later.
Imagine that this equation is like GPS.
The GPS is trying to predict the time you will reach your destination based on the speed you are traveling and the distance that you will travel
This equation also helps seismologists predict how seismic waves will move based on the speed and shape of the wave
Why is this equation important? Imagine that you live in an area prone to earthquakes.
If seismologists can use this equation to predict how seismic waves will move,
then engineers will be able to design earthquake-resistant homes and buildings
It is as if you knew the storm was coming so you quickly closed the windows
meaning you anticipate events
As for young people who are studying
perhaps you are asking yourselves: “What do I do with all this?”
But you have to understand the basics like this equation will help you to actually understand the world around you
and who knows? May all this inspire you to become a seismologist who anticipates their occurrence and saves people's lives,
ALLAH willing...
He said that the epicenter of the earthquake is located in the southwest region of Marrakesh,
and according to the National Institute, the strength of the earthquake reached 7 degrees and two-tenth of a degree on the Richter scale.
What does this number mean?
and why is a magnitude 7.0 earthquake 10 times stronger than a magnitude 6.0 earthquake? Let's find out
why the Richter scale is so important?
First, this scale - which was invented by the American seismologist Charles Francis Richter -
is a way to calculate the strength of earthquakes.
This scale provides us with a universal language for discussing and understanding the strength of earthquakes.
You can consider it like the scale by which we measure the heartbeat
The formula that Richter used in his book Elementary Seismology was this:
where M is the magnitude or level of the earthquake’s magnitude
which is what we are looking for, that number you always hear about in the news.
A is the amplitude of the wave
meaning it is the height of the waves that arose due to the earthquake,
The longer the wave, the more energy it contains.
T is the wave period,
means the time it takes for one wave to pass through one specific point.
Finally, the logarithm with base 10
which helps us a lot to deal with very large or very small numbers easily
because if you have a Log of a large number, for example, the log of base 10 for the number one million, for example... the result will be 6
and thus gives us a scale that we can read even though the numbers are very large
now, why is this formula for Richter’s scale logarithmic and not linear?
Because if it is linear... in order to go from 1 to 2 to 3, it must increase by the same amount each time.
This means that an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 will be only one time stronger than an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.
But this is not the reality on the ground.
On the Richter scale, when you go from scale 6 to scale 7
it means that an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 is about 10 times stronger than an earthquake with a magnitude of 6
This is why the logarithm helps us.
If you understand the Richter scale, you will be able to assess the severity of the earthquake
An earthquake with a magnitude of 4.0 can move the dishes in the kitchen,
but a 7.0-magnitude earthquake can bring down the whole house on you
Thank ALLAH that the earthquake that hit Morocco did not strike in an urban area As big as Marrakesh or Agadir
Although it struck in a rural area, and look how many victims have died,
more than 2,100 have died so far.
If it struck in a large urban area, it would have been tens of thousands of dead victims and millions of homeless
may ALLAH Almighty protect us
Can we predict when earthquakes will occur?
We all ask ourselves this question
because if we could, we could avoid a lot of misfortunes that could happen.
What does mathematics say about this matter?
Seismologists use what's called the Poisson Distribution
to try to estimate when an earthquake might occur
The formula for the Poisson Distribution is like this:
Complicated, isn't it? Don't worry... P(x, lambda) tells us the probability of x number of events occurring in a given time frame
which is the probability of x number of earthquakes occurring in a given time frame
Lambda is the average event rate
for earthquakes, the average is the number of times earthquakes occur somewhere during a given period,
such as a year, a decade, or a century
x! It is an arithmetic operation
For example, for a factorial number 3, it is equal to 3 times 2 times 1.
i.e. a factorial number is that you multiply that number by the number before it and you multiply until you reach 1
Finally, e, which is a constant in mathematics, equals approximately 2.718,
and is found everywhere in nature, from population growth to radioactive decay
Simply put, this formula helps seismologists predict the possibility of earthquakes in the future based on the activity of earthquakes in the past
Imagine it like weather forecasters
using weather data for the past years to guess whether this or that day in the next month, for example, will rain or not...
Likewise, seismologists use data from past earthquakes to predict earthquakes in the future.
The problem is that this Poisson distribution cannot predict the exact day and time of an earthquake.
This level is still beyond the reach of humans
but it gives you an approximate bird's-eye view
if seismologists knew that maybe in the next 10 years, a big earthquake might strike somewhere
the concerned country will try to avoid building in the vicinity of that place,
and they will be more prepared and will carry out more awareness campaigns.
As for the pupils and students... Here you see how the logarithmic, exponential, and probability functions are very important
because they make us understand many of the natural phenomena surrounding us
which we can benefit the nation with, ALLAH willing...
We have now come to the last piece of our puzzle, and the most difficult of all
the Fourier Transformation
This transformation makes you become like Detective Conan, but for earthquakes... How so?
An earthquake is not a simple thing.
When an earthquake occurs in a specific focus,
imagine the number of complex vibrations that cause the Earth to move up, down, forward, and backward
Literally, it is very complicated... And here comes the role of the Fourier transform investigator,
because it takes all this chaos and he breaks it down into individual pieces that we can understand...
as if you were taking apart an intertwined puzzle in order to see each piece clearly...
The Fourier transform equation is a little complicated
It is very complex... But be patient and let's break it down one by one
F(k) is the answer we're trying to find
That's where the components of frequency are, which are the individual pieces of the puzzle
f(x) is the original complex signal from the earthquake... and it's the whole puzzle...
This part makes us look at each frequency separately, meaning each individual piece we can see alone, isolated from the rest of the pieces...
and finally, this integration, which simply means we add up all the little pieces to get the whole picture.
The equation simply says:
If you give me this complex sign f(x), I can decompose it into its individual blocks and pieces, which is F(k)
Imagine it as if I gave you a sentence and you broke it down into individual words to try to understand it word by word...
this is exactly what the Fourier transform does, breaking down complex seismic waves into simpler components.
Identifying those components helps scientists understand the type of earthquake that occurred, its depth, and the type of damage it might have caused.
It's like forensics, but for earthquakes,
and this information can be very important for rapid response and future planning.
This Fourier transform is taught by post-secondary students
and it helps a lot if you want to become an engineer, a scientist, or even a data analyst
because you always have to decompose a big problem into simpler parts, and this is a skill that you will use in your entire life
whether you're dealing with earthquakes, sound waves, or finance
Finally
I ask Almighty ALLAH to have mercy on our deaths and the deaths of all Muslims
and if you enjoyed this video, please share it so that people realize the importance of mathematics
in our daily life and our practical life
and how we can save lives with it
instead of following calamities and wasting our time
mathematics is not only about numbers and equations
but a universal language that we use to understand the world around us
and you don't have to be very smart
to understand how it can help us solve real-world problems.
and even if you were planning to pursue science
technology and engineering or even arts and social sciences
math is always a tool that helps to understand the world and participate in it in a much better way
Before I finish
I would like to remind everyone that the mathematical notions we have been discussing are just tools
and like any tool… they are most useful in the hands of those who understand and respect their potential
so whether you are a freshman in high school or advanced in your career
it is never too late to start learning
who knows?
You may be the one who will make a great discovery that will benefit the Islamic nation and all of humanity.
This is all there is to it.
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