Curso completo de Raciocínio Lógico, Concursos Públicos 2019, Prof Pedro Evaristo, Aula 02

Mari Concursos

27 Jun 201315:53

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the concept of sequences, emphasizing that they are not limited to numbers but can include letters, words, figures, and objects. It illustrates how to identify patterns in various types of sequences, such as alphabetic jumps, numerical associations, and cyclical repetitions. The script uses examples like the sequence of days and months, and challenges viewers with puzzles involving letter and figure sequences, highlighting the importance of recognizing symmetry and logical patterns to predict the next term in a sequence.

Takeaways

😀 Sequences are not limited to numbers; they can include letters, words, figures, and objects, all related to predicting the next term in the sequence.
🔍 When encountering a sequence, the first thought might be a logical connection to the alphabet, but this is not always the case.
🕵️‍♂️ The speaker suggests considering daily life associations with sequences, such as the first letters of the names of days or months.
📚 An example is given where a sequence follows a pattern of skipping letters in the alphabet, and the challenge is to deduce the next letter based on the pattern.
🔢 The script introduces the idea of sequences where letters are associated with numbers, and the challenge is to find the next letter based on numerical logic.
🎲 The concept of cyclical sequences is introduced, where elements repeat in a fixed order, making it possible to predict future terms based on the cycle.
🧩 The speaker discusses sequences of figures, like dolls or shapes, that follow a certain pattern, which must be identified to predict the next figure.
🤔 The script encourages thinking beyond the obvious, such as considering sequences of numbers, and to think more abstractly about the logic behind sequences.
📉 An example is given of a sequence from a Carlos Chagas Foundation exam, where the pattern of skipping positions in the alphabet is used to determine the next letter in the sequence.
🎯 The importance of recognizing symmetry in sequences is highlighted, as it can be a key to understanding the logic behind the sequence of figures.
📈 The script concludes with a challenge to the audience to apply the concepts learned about sequences to predict the next term in a given sequence of figures.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?
-The main topic of the video script is the concept of sequences, not only numerical but also sequences of letters, words, figures, and objects, with a focus on identifying patterns and predicting the next term in various types of sequences.
Why is it important to consider sequences beyond just numbers?
-It is important to consider sequences beyond just numbers because sequences can involve letters, words, figures, and objects, and understanding these can help in predicting the next term in a variety of contexts, not limited to numerical patterns.
What is the first hypothesis the speaker suggests when trying to decipher a sequence of letters?
-The first hypothesis the speaker suggests is to consider if there is a logical connection to the alphabet, implying that the sequence might follow a pattern related to the order of letters in the alphabet.
How does the speaker approach the sequence 'ACFJ' in the script?
-The speaker approaches the sequence 'ACFJ' by observing the pattern of skipped letters in the alphabet, identifying that one, two, three, and four letters are being skipped respectively to arrive at the next letter in the sequence.
What is the significance of the sequence 'Junho, Julho, Agosto, Setembro, Outubro, Novembro, Dezembro' in the script?
-The significance of this sequence is to illustrate a pattern where the first letters of the months are taken to predict the next term, which would be 'Janeiro' starting with the letter 'J'.
What is the concept of a cyclical sequence as mentioned in the script?
-A cyclical sequence is a type of sequence where elements repeat in a fixed order. The script uses this concept to explain how to predict terms in a sequence that repeats every few elements, such as every fourth figure in one example.
How does the speaker use the example of the Flamingo with 26 letters in the Carlos Chagas Foundation exam?
-The speaker uses this example to demonstrate how to find the pattern in a sequence formed by skipping a certain number of letters in the alphabet, which in this case involves skipping 3, then 5, then 7 positions, and so on.
What is the strategy the speaker suggests for sequences involving figures or objects?
-The speaker suggests observing the pattern being repeated in the figures or objects, such as the direction of arms in a series of stick figures or the gender pattern in a sequence of people, to predict the next term in the sequence.
How does the speaker explain the concept of symmetry in the final sequence challenge in the script?
-The speaker explains the concept of symmetry by showing that each figure in the sequence is a symmetrical counterpart to the previous one, leading to the prediction that the next term would be the number 6, which is symmetrical when viewed from both sides.
What is the overall goal of the exercises and examples provided in the script?
-The overall goal of the exercises and examples is to train the viewer's ability to recognize patterns, think abstractly, and predict the next term in various types of sequences, enhancing their logical reasoning skills.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Exploring Sequences Beyond Numbers

The paragraph introduces the concept of sequences in a broader sense than just numbers, emphasizing that sequences can be formed by letters, words, figures, or objects. The speaker discusses the importance of recognizing patterns to predict the next term in a sequence. Examples given include a sequence of letters that follow a skipping pattern through the alphabet and a sequence of months that uses the first letters to form a logical order. The paragraph encourages thinking beyond the conventional numerical sequences and highlights the importance of pattern recognition in problem-solving.

05:01

🤔 Deciphering Letter Sequences and Figuring Out Patterns

This paragraph delves into the specifics of letter sequences, using an example of a puzzle from the Carlos Chagas Foundation exam. The speaker explains how to identify the pattern by writing out the alphabet and tracking the positions of chosen letters, revealing a skipping pattern that increases by one skip each time. The paragraph also touches on sequences of figures, such as a series of dolls with arms in different positions, and how to deduce the logic behind their arrangement to predict the next figure in the sequence.

10:03

🔄 Understanding Cyclic and Symmetrical Sequences

The speaker discusses cyclical sequences, where elements repeat in a fixed order, and symmetrical sequences, where figures are mirrored or rotated to form a pattern. An example of a cyclical pattern is given with figures that rotate 90 degrees to return to their original position after several turns. The paragraph also presents a challenge involving a sequence of symmetrical figures, hinting that the next figure in the sequence can be deduced by understanding the concept of symmetry.

15:04

🎯 Concluding with a Sequence Challenge and Future Lessons

In the concluding paragraph, the speaker summarizes the lesson by presenting a sequence challenge involving figures that are all symmetrical. The challenge encourages the viewer to apply the concepts learned to predict the next figure in the sequence. The speaker expresses pleasure in teaching the material and looks forward to the next video lesson, ending with a warm farewell and well-wishes for success.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Sequence

A sequence in this context refers to an ordered list of elements such as numbers, letters, figures, or objects that follow a certain pattern or rule. It is central to the video's theme as it discusses the logic and patterns behind different types of sequences, including numerical and alphabetical sequences. For example, the script mentions sequences of letters that skip certain positions in the alphabet, illustrating the concept of identifying patterns to predict the next term in a sequence.

💡Pattern

Pattern is a regularity or rule that can be used to understand and predict the order of elements in a sequence. It is integral to the video's narrative as it guides the viewer through recognizing patterns in various sequences, such as skipping letters in the alphabet or alternating figures. The script uses the concept of pattern to explain how one can deduce the next element in a given sequence, such as identifying that a sequence skips one, two, three, or four letters.

💡Alphabet

The alphabet is the basic ordered set of letters in a language, used here as a reference for creating and understanding letter sequences. The video discusses how sequences can be formed based on the alphabet, where letters are skipped or selected according to a specific rule. An example from the script is the sequence 'a, c, f, j, p', where the pattern involves skipping a varying number of letters in the alphabet.

💡Logic

Logic, in this context, refers to the reasoning or method used to deduce the next element in a sequence. The video emphasizes the importance of logical thinking in identifying the rules governing sequences. For instance, the script describes how one might logically deduce that a sequence skips letters in the alphabet or involves a pattern of alternating figures based on the given sequence elements.

💡Prediction

Prediction is the act of forecasting or estimating what will happen next based on observed patterns or rules. It is a key concept in the video, as it relates to the ability to determine the next term in a sequence. The script provides examples of predicting the next letter or figure in a sequence by observing and understanding the underlying pattern, such as predicting the next letter after 'j' in a sequence that follows alphabetical order with skips.

💡Figures

Figures in the script refer to shapes or objects that can form sequences based on certain rules or patterns. The video explores sequences of figures, such as alternating between male and female figures or figures with different arm positions. An example is the sequence of figures with arms positioned up and down, which follows a repeating pattern that can be used to predict the position of the next figure's arms.

💡Cyclic Sequence

A cyclic sequence is one where the elements repeat in a fixed order after a certain number of terms. The video introduces the concept of cyclic sequences as a way to predict future elements in a sequence by recognizing the repeating pattern. For example, the script describes a sequence of figures that repeats every four terms, making it possible to predict the 100th figure based on the pattern established.

💡Symmetry

Symmetry in the video refers to the property of a figure or object that can be divided into parts that are mirror images of each other. The script uses symmetry as a clue to solve a sequence challenge, where figures are symmetrical versions of numbers. The concept is used to predict the next figure in the sequence based on the symmetry observed in the previous figures.

💡Challenge

Challenge, in this context, refers to a problem or question posed in the video that requires the viewer to apply their understanding of sequences, patterns, and logic to find the solution. The script presents a sequence challenge involving figures that are symmetrical representations of numbers, testing the viewer's ability to identify the pattern and predict the next term.

💡Conceptual Understanding

Conceptual understanding is the ability to grasp the underlying ideas or principles of a subject, in this case, sequences and patterns. The video aims to enhance the viewer's conceptual understanding by discussing various types of sequences and the logic behind them. The script emphasizes the importance of not just recognizing patterns but also understanding the reasoning behind them, such as why a sequence might skip certain letters or figures.

Highlights

Introduction to sequences beyond just numbers, including sequences of letters, words, figures, and objects.

The importance of recognizing patterns and predicting the next term in a sequence.

Exploring the logic behind skipping letters in the alphabet and its application in sequences.

The concept of sequences not always being associated with the alphabet, challenging initial assumptions.

Using the sequence of months as an example to illustrate non-alphabetic sequences.

The idea of sequences as a tool for abstract thinking beyond numerical patterns.

A challenging question from the Carlos Chagas Foundation exam about identifying the logic in a letter sequence.

The method of writing out the alphabet to locate positions and identify patterns in letter sequences.

The discovery of a pattern in letter sequences involving skipping a varying number of positions.

The application of sequence logic to figure out patterns in sequences of figures, such as dolls with different arm positions.

Identifying cyclical patterns in sequences and using them to predict future terms.

The use of symmetry in figures to create and understand sequences, as demonstrated with a sequence challenge.

The strategy of breaking down sequences into smaller patterns, such as alternating arms and gender in figure sequences.

Predicting terms far into a sequence by establishing and applying a pattern, exemplified with positions 600 and beyond.

The concept of cyclical sequences where elements repeat, leading to the prediction of terms based on their position in the cycle.

A creative approach to sequence challenges by considering symmetry and other non-numeric attributes of figures.

The conclusion of the lecture with a reminder of the importance of understanding and applying sequence logic in various contexts.

An invitation to the next video lecture, emphasizing the value of continued learning and exploration of sequence logic.