¿Cómo hacemos que las máquinas nos obedezcan?

Summary

The video explores the history and evolution of programmable machines, from ancient myths and early automata to modern computers and artificial intelligence. It highlights key inventions, including Heron's automaton, the Jacquard loom, and the development of computer programming languages from assembly language to high-level languages like FORTRAN, Logo, and Python. The video also introduces a free programming course offered by 'Vlad' to teach basic coding skills, including JavaScript, HTML, and algorithms, enabling users to create games, projects, and even robots.

Takeaways

• 📜 From ancient mythology, humans have imagined devices that obey their orders, like the golden woman in Greek mythology or mechanical statues aiding the Greek god of invention.
• 🤖 Today, we have industrial robots and computers that perform complex tasks like directing space rockets and creating virtual worlds for gaming.
• 📋 These machines require a set of instructions, or a program, to perform their tasks.
• 🛠️ Heron of Alexandria, a Greek inventor from around 60 AD, created a cart that moved on stage using a weight and string mechanism, representing an early programming language.
• 📚 In 800 AD, the Banu Musa brothers wrote 'The Book of Ingenious Devices', describing self-refilling oil lamps and early music boxes, showcasing another form of programming.
• 👗 In 1801, the Jacquard loom used punched cards to create fabric patterns, a system later used in mechanical computers proposed by Charles Babbage.
• 💾 Herman Hollerith used punched cards for the 1890 New York census, leading to the formation of IBM.
• 🖥️ The first programmable electronic computers, called Colossus, were used to decode secret messages during WWII.
• 🐞 The term 'bug' in programming originated when a moth caused an error in the Mark II computer in 1947.
• 🔢 Early computers were programmed using machine code, a low-level language, which evolved into assembly language and eventually high-level languages like FORTRAN, LOGO, and modern ones like C++, Python, SQL, and PHP.

Q & A

What is the significance of the golden woman in the context of the script?

The golden woman refers to a mythological creation that obeys human commands, symbolizing early human imagination of machines that could be controlled by humans.

What did Heron of Alexandria create that could be considered the first programming language in history?

Heron of Alexandria created a carriage that could move and change direction at pre-defined distances using a weight and a system of ropes and nails, which can be seen as the first programming language.

What is the 'Book of Ingenious Devices' and what does it describe?

The 'Book of Ingenious Devices' is a work by the Banu Musa brothers, which describes various mechanical devices, including a self-filling oil lamp and early music boxes, that operate through the arrangement of protrusions on cylinders.

What was the significance of the Jacquard loom in the history of programmable machines?

The Jacquard loom, invented in 1801, used punched cards to create designs in fabrics, representing a significant step towards truly programmable machines.

Who is considered the first computer programmer in history and why?

Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer because she wrote an algorithm for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, which could calculate a sequence of Bernoulli numbers.

What was the role of Herman Hollerith in the development of data storage?

Herman Hollerith used punched cards for storing information during the 1890 U.S. Census, which later influenced the creation of IBM and the development of data storage systems.

What are the 'Colossus' computers known for during World War II?

The Colossus computers were the first electronic, programmable computers used for decrypting secret codes during World War II.

What is the origin of the term 'bug' in programming?

The term 'bug' originated when Grace Hopper, a programmer, found a moth interfering with a program in the Mark II computer, and the term 'bug' has been used for programming errors ever since.

What is the difference between machine code and assembly language?

Machine code is a low-level language consisting of sequences of zeros and ones, while assembly language replaces these binary instructions with mnemonic abbreviations that are easier to remember and use.

What is FORTRAN and why is it significant?

FORTRAN is one of the first high-level programming languages and is significant because it made programming more accessible and comprehensible for humans.

What is the purpose of the LOGO programming language and how does it work?

LOGO is an educational programming language that uses a series of instructions to make a 'turtle' move in various directions to draw shapes, such as an octagon, providing a visual and interactive way to learn programming concepts.