Economic Alliances P2

Summary

This video script delves into the dynamics of economic alliances, focusing on BRICS and ASEAN, exploring their goals, achievements, and challenges. It discusses BRICS' impact on global economic growth and political cooperation, ASEAN's pursuit of regional stability and economic integration, and introduces the MINT countries as emerging economies with significant potential. The script highlights the importance of these alliances in shaping the global economic landscape and the geopolitical influence of non-Western powers.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The BRICS alliance (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) aims to promote economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice to challenge Western powers.
• 📚 The concept of BRICS was first introduced in 2001, highlighting the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, with South Africa joining later in 2010.
• 💼 The BRICS countries have established the New Development Bank (NDB) and a Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to provide financial support and alternatives to Western-dominated financial institutions.
• 🔄 BRICS seeks to reduce reliance on the US dollar by promoting trade in national currencies and has expanded to include Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and UAE in 2023.
• 🌍 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) was established in 1967 to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability among its 10 member states.
• 🛍️ ASEAN has pursued free trade agreements and the establishment of a single market and production base to enhance economic integration and reduce trade barriers.
• 🏗️ Infrastructure development is a priority for ASEAN to improve connectivity and reduce logistical challenges, promoting economic activities within the region.
• 🤝 ASEAN faces challenges such as sovereignty issues, differing political systems, and varying levels of development, which can affect consensus and cooperation.
• 🌟 The MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) are considered as emerging economies with significant potential for growth, based on demographic, geographic, and economic factors.
• 🌱 The concept of MINT highlights the diversification of global economic influence and the importance of emerging markets in international economic discussions.
• 🔑 MINT showcases market opportunities for businesses and investors, emphasizing the collective strength and potential of these four nations in the global economy.

Q & A

What are the main goals of BRICS alliance?

The main goals of the BRICS alliance are to promote economic growth, political cooperation, and to develop a collective voice on the global stage capable of challenging Western powers.

Which countries are part of the BRICS alliance?

The BRICS alliance is composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

When was the concept of BRICS first introduced?

The concept of BRICS was first introduced in 2001 in a paper that highlighted the significant economic growth potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.

What was the significance of the 2009 BRICS Summit held in Russia?

The 2009 BRICS Summit marked the beginning of coordinated efforts among Brazil, Russia, India, and China to strengthen economic cooperation and political collaboration.

How did South Africa's inclusion in BRICS impact the group?

South Africa's inclusion in BRICS expanded the organization and added an African perspective to the group's discussions, increasing its geographical diversity.

What are the three main economic mechanisms used by BRICS to promote growth among member countries?

The three main economic mechanisms used by BRICS include trade and economic partnerships, the New Development Bank for financing infrastructure and sustainable development projects, and promoting trade in national currencies to reduce reliance on the US dollar.

What is the New Development Bank (NDB), and what is its purpose?

The New Development Bank, formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank, was established to finance infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member countries and other emerging economies, providing an alternative to Western-dominated financial institutions.

What is the purpose of the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) within BRICS?

The CRA was created to provide financial support to member countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises, aiming to create financial stability.

What are the challenges faced by BRICS in terms of economic disparities among member countries?

Economic disparities among BRICS member countries can lead to unequal benefits from the group's initiatives and hinder effective collaboration due to varying levels of development and economic structures.

How does the concept of MINT differ from the formal alliances like BRICS and ASEAN?

MINT is more of a concept rather than a formal political or economic alliance. It is based on the potential for future growth of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey, and does not have formal structures or specific objectives like BRICS and ASEAN.

What are the main goals of ASEAN, and how do they achieve them?

ASEAN's main goals are to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability. They achieve these through mechanisms such as free trade agreements, the ASEAN Economic Community, infrastructure development, and capacity building in human capital.

What are some of the criticisms faced by ASEAN in terms of their mechanisms and effectiveness?

ASEAN faces criticisms such as weak enforcement mechanisms, non-binding agreements, varying levels of commitment from member states, and limited dispute resolution mechanisms, which can undermine the effectiveness of their economic integration and goal achievement.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introduction to Economic Alliances and BRICS

This paragraph introduces the topic of economic alliances, with a focus on BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), which aims to foster economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice on the global stage. It discusses the origin of the BRICS concept in 2001, the first summit in 2009, and the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The paragraph also outlines the main goals of BRICS, including promoting economic growth, political cooperation, and reducing reliance on Western powers. The 2023 Summit in South Africa is mentioned, highlighting the addition of new member countries.

05:00

📈 BRICS' Impact and Challenges

This section delves into the impact of BRICS on the global context, emphasizing its economic influence through the substantial contribution to the world's GDP and population. It discusses the geopolitical impact of challenging Western dominance and advocating for a multi-polar world order. The institutional influence of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) is highlighted as alternatives to Western financial institutions. The paragraph also examines the challenges faced by BRICS, such as economic disparities, differing political systems, and the dominance of China within the group, which can lead to power imbalances and geopolitical tensions.

10:02

🏛 Achievements of BRICS and Criticisms

The achievements of BRICS are outlined, including the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) to finance infrastructure and sustainable development projects, and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to provide financial support during economic crises. The paragraph also mentions the creation of a business council and academic forums to foster collaboration. However, criticisms are also addressed, such as concerns over human rights issues, democratic values, and the influence of individual member states, which can impact BRICS' credibility and effectiveness in global governance.

15:04

🌏 ASEAN: Promoting Growth, Progress, and Stability

This paragraph introduces the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), established in 1967, as a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 10 Southeast Asian countries. The main goals of ASEAN are to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability. The paragraph outlines the mechanisms ASEAN uses to achieve these goals, including free trade agreements, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), infrastructure development, and capacity building in human capital.

20:05

🛠 ASEAN's Approach to Social Progress and Regional Stability

The paragraph discusses ASEAN's initiatives for social progress, such as community-based programs addressing healthcare, education, and poverty alleviation. It also highlights healthcare initiatives to prevent diseases and improve infrastructure, as well as educational enhancement to improve curriculum standards and literacy. The development of a human rights framework, including the Asian Human Rights Declaration, is also mentioned. For regional stability, ASEAN employs treaties, forums, military confidence-building measures, and the establishment of centers to study radicalism and terrorism.

25:08

🚧 Challenges Faced by ASEAN

This section addresses the challenges faced by ASEAN, including issues with sovereignty and the difficulty in reaching a unified stance on matters such as the South China Sea dispute and the Rohingya crisis. The principle of non-interference is tested, and the organization's commitment to consensus building sometimes results in decisions that do not align with all member states' interests. The criticism towards ASEAN's mechanisms, such as weak enforcement and non-binding agreements, is also discussed, which can undermine the effectiveness of economic integration.

30:09

🌟 The MINT Economies: Emerging Potential

The concept of MINT economies, comprising Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey, is introduced as a group with significant potential for future growth based on geographic, demographic, and economic factors. Unlike formal alliances, MINT is more of a concept to highlight the opportunities for investment and economic development. The paragraph discusses how MINT aims to diversify global economic influence, showcase market opportunities, and contribute to global economic dialogue by emphasizing the importance of emerging markets.

35:10

🌍 Conclusion on MINT, ASEAN, and BRICS

The final paragraph concludes the discussion on MINT, ASEAN, and BRICS, summarizing the key points of the video and encouraging viewers to ask questions if they have any. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of these alliances and economies in the evolving global economic landscape and invites further engagement with the content.

Keywords

💡Economic Alliances

Economic alliances refer to groups of countries that collaborate to achieve common economic goals, such as trade, investment, and development initiatives. In the video, economic alliances like BRICS and ASEAN are discussed as entities that promote economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice on the global stage, challenging Western powers and advocating for a more balanced multi-polar world order.

💡BRICS

BRICS is an acronym for five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The term is used in the video to describe an economic alliance aimed at fostering economic growth, political cooperation, and global influence. BRICS was originally coined in 2001, and the first BRICS Summit was held in 2009, marking the formal beginning of their coordinated efforts.

💡New Development Bank (NDB)

The New Development Bank, formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank, is an institution established by the BRICS alliance to finance infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member countries and other emerging economies. It represents an alternative to Western-dominated financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank, promoting financial independence from Western powers.

💡ASEAN

ASEAN stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 10 Southeast Asian countries. The video discusses ASEAN's goals of promoting economic growth, social progress, and regional stability through various mechanisms, including free trade agreements, infrastructure development, and capacity building.

💡Economic Growth

Economic growth is a central theme in the video, referring to the increase in the production of goods and services of an economy over a period of time. It is achieved through various mechanisms such as free trade agreements, infrastructure development, and capacity building in ASEAN, as well as through the BRICS alliance's focus on trade, investment, and the NDB's financing of development projects.

💡Political Cooperation

Political cooperation is the collaborative effort among member states of an economic alliance to discuss and coordinate their positions on international and political issues. In the context of the video, BRICS and ASEAN member states use this cooperation to reduce Western control and promote a more balanced multi-polar global order.

💡Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)

The CRA is a financial mechanism created by the BRICS alliance to provide support to member countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises. It is designed to create financial stability and help countries in times of economic stress, offering an alternative to Western financial institutions.

💡Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure development is a key strategy used by ASEAN to enhance connectivity and promote trade within the region. The video mentions projects like the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity, which focuses on improving transportation, energy, and information and communication technology infrastructure to reduce logistical challenges.

💡Capacity Building

Capacity building in the video refers to the investment in human capital, including education and skills training, to create a more capable and competitive workforce. ASEAN has founded initiatives to enhance these areas, contributing to sustained economic growth and social progress.

💡MINT

MINT is a concept that refers to Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey, which are seen as countries with significant potential for future growth based on demographic and economic factors. Unlike formal alliances like BRICS and ASEAN, MINT is more of an idea to highlight the opportunities for investment and economic development in these nations, contributing to the diversification of global economic influence.

Highlights

BRICS is an economic alliance comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, representing five major emerging economies with the goal of promoting economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice on the global stage.

The BRICS concept originated in 2001, highlighting the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China as emerging powers capable of reshaping the global economic and political landscape.

The first BRICS Summit in 2009 marked the beginning of coordinated efforts among the founding members to strengthen economic and political collaboration.

South Africa joined BRICS in 2010, adding an African perspective and increasing the group's geographical diversity.

BRICS member countries focus on trade, investment, and development initiatives, aiming to reduce reliance on the US dollar and Western powers.

The New Development Bank, formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank, finances infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member countries and other emerging economies.

BRICS provides a platform for member states to discuss and coordinate positions on international and political issues, promoting a balanced multi-polar global order.

BRICS has had significant global impact through economic influence, geopolitical challenges to Western dominance, institutional alternatives to Western financial institutions, and improved trade among member countries.

Challenges faced by BRICS include economic disparities among member countries, differing political systems, and the dominance and dependency on China within the group.

ASEAN, established in 1967, is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 10 Southeast Asian countries with goals to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability.

ASEAN has pursued free trade agreements and the establishment of the ASEAN Free Trade Area to reduce tariffs and trade barriers within the region.

Infrastructure development and capacity building in human capital are key focuses for ASEAN to enhance connectivity and a competitive workforce.

ASEAN faces challenges such as sovereignty issues, weak enforcement mechanisms, and varying levels of commitment among member states.

The MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) are a concept rather than a formal alliance, recognized for their potential for future growth and diversification of global economic influence.

The MINT concept showcases market opportunities and contributes to the global economic dialogue by emphasizing the importance of emerging markets.

Despite not having a formal structure, MINT aims to highlight the combined economic strength and potential of these four emerging economies.

Transcripts

hi guys welcome back to part two of

economic

alliances um so in the first part on

economic alliances we basically just

went over the theory behind it the

mechanisms they use how they work um and

just all the nitty-gritty stuff on that

and then in this part two we're going to

go into case studies on a few different

economic

alliances um Okay

so

first one that we're going to look at is

bricks I think this is one that everyone

should already know obviously they

compromise of Brazil Russia India China

and South Africa and they represent five

major emerging economies in the world

their main goals are to promote economic

growth political Co cooperation and in

general just to develop a collective

voice on the global stage that are able

to challenge Western powers

okay so let's look at a bit of um

background to Brick so in terms of like

early discussions the concept of brick

itself that being Brazil Russia India

and China was originally coined back in

2001 um and it was just an like a paper

that was written and it was it

highlighted the significant economic

growth potential of those four specific

countries and the discussions in the

paper were based on the idea that Brazil

Russia India and China were emerging

were emerging as powerful economic

players and could potentially reshape

the global economic and political

landscape then the first brick Summit

was H was held in 2009 so it was the

first formal brick Summit and it was

held in Russia um and it marked the

beginning of coordinated efforts amongst

Brazil Russia India and China to

strengthen economic cooperation and

political collaboration so at the summit

itself the the leaders of the four

countries discussed different issues of

mutual interest the three main things

they talked about was including economic

um development the reform of global

financial institutions and then Regional

security then in 2005 South Africa forly

joined the group which expanded the

organization to the acronym of bricks

and it was influenced by South Africa's

growing economy and its potential to

contribute to the group at the time um

what this also meant was with South

Africa being added it um added an

African perspective to the group's

discussion and it just increased its

geographical diversity um and then

obviously as we all should have known

looking at updates um during the year in

the 2023 Summit which happened in South

Africa we had a few more countries that

have now been added to Bricks those

being those being Argentina oh I spelled

Argentina wrong um Egypt

Ethiopia um Iran Saudi Arabia and

UAE highlighted the three main goals and

objectives of bricks in the previous

slide and now we're just going to go a

bit more in depth into each of them so

the first one that they had was

promoting economic growth so member

countries um looked to boost the

economic development and cooperation and

they focus on trade investment and

development initiatives obviously from

like part one of this um lecture on

economic alliances we look at the

specific ways to

um the ways to uh the mechanisms that

are used in economic alliances so trade

and economic Partnerships um are used

and they aim to strengthen their

economic ties among themselves and they

promote trade in their National

currencies to to reduce the Reliance on

the US dollar um and that specifically

looks at trying to not rely on Western

uh Powers as much as used to as what had

been before um and then the new

development bank which is something that

we'll look at a little bit later as well

which used to be known as the bricks

Development Bank um basically they

finance infrastructure and sustainable

growth um sustainable development

projects in member countries and other

emerging

economies so secondly their second goal

and objective would be political

cooperation so brics provides a platform

for all the member states to discuss and

coordinate their positions on various

International and political

issues um and then in order to try and

reduce the control of Western powers in

the world um they promote a more

balanced multi-polar Global Order um

they provide a forum for member

countries to discuss and coordinate

their stances on international issues um

and often share common perspectives on

global governance political stability

and security so I think we obviously see

this when um the war in Ukraine was

happening and we see Sur Rapa not

necessarily taking a stance on either

side um he kind of had a diplomatic

response and that obviously was impacted

by South Africa being part of bricks and

then the group seeks to influence

International decisions and promote a

more Equitable Global

Order so their last goal looks at

impacting um like the global context of

the world so so far we well bricks has

had a significant impact in the global

context in four different ways so

firstly economic influence um the

countries the member countries of bricks

collectively account for a substantial

uh portion of the world's GDP and

population which then makes them like

very influential players in the global

economy um and they've been drive

driving global economic growth uh so in

terms of geopolitical impact the group

challenges the Western the dominance of

the western powers in global politics

and economies and they advocate for a

multi-polar world order in terms of like

institutional influence the NDB and the

contingent Reserve

Arrangement um provides a form of like

provides alternatives to Western

dominated financial institutions like

the international monetary fund and the

world bank and then in terms of improved

trade member countries have been

successful in boosting trade and

investment among themselves reducing

trade barriers and promoting economic

stability so now let's look a little bit

at the challenges that bricks face so

although they've had notable success it

faces challenges such as economic

disparities among among member countries

so economic disparities among member

countries can lead to in general unequal

benefits from uh the groups initiatives

and then the varying levels of

development and economic structures can

therefore like um hinder effective

collaboration and then looking at the

effect of that so persistent e economic

disparities um can lead to like

undermining the group's ability to

implement uh projects that theyve

created together together and hinder the

achievement of common economic goals

then secondly we look at differing

political systems here we're looking at

the fact that like bricks members have

different political systems ranging from

democracies to like more centralized

systems and this can lead to

um uh different ways of approaching

Global governance and decision making um

and in general it's it challenges their

ability to reach a consensus on

political issues and could affect the

group's um ability to present a united

front in front of like the international

stage and then looking at the varing

um um levels of development obviously

when we look at different countries as

i' mentioned in part one in terms of the

like different development of the

countries a country like South Africa's

development is very different to a

country like China's development so then

also looking at that the do the

dominance and dependency of China in the

group can lead to concerns and

imbalances as well as the need to

balance um cooperation with competition

so in terms of the dependency on China

we see that China's economic uh

dominance within bricks looks like

raises questions about the balance of

power and potential dependencies on uh

the largest member uh so in general

overbalance I mean over Reliance on a

single member could lead to imbalances

and power struggles um which can

negatively a affect like uh brics's

ability to

cooperate uh cohesively um then looking

at competitive competitivness between

member countries um so economic comp

competition and in general like

geopolitical Ambitions among different

bricks countries especially with the

dominance of China

uh can create tensions within the group

so that can like negatively affect trust

uh between the countries and impact like

the group's ability to work together um

like effectively and efficiently and

achieve the common objectives that they

that they like set out to achieve in the

first place and then lastly looking at

like Global perceptions and criticism

that bricks face which imposes a

challenge to them so obviously they're

going to face criticisms related to

Human Rights issues we see that with

like the war in Ukraine um they have

like criticisms in relation to like

democratic values and concerns about the

influence of individual member states um

so obviously like these negative

perceptions can impact the like Brick's

credibility um and therefore their

influence and could possibly like limit

its Effectiveness in shaping the global

uh governance which is one of like their

main core

objectives um so let's look at like some

achievements of bricks which can kind of

show that they're somewhat reaching

their goals and objectives and to show

that as a whole the economic Alliance

can be seen as something that is

successful and that should continue so

firstly looking at the new development

bank which is something that I mentioned

mentioned earlier on um so they

established the NDB back in 2014 in

order to finance infrastructure and

sustainable development projects in

member countries and other emerging

economies so basically it's um able to

provide an alternative source of funding

um to Western dominated um institutions

like the IMF and the World Bank which

promotes um Financial independence from

Western Powers then secondly looking at

the um the contingent Reserve

Arrangement the CRA so the CRA was

created in order to provide financial

support to the member countries that are

facing balance of payments problems or

currency crisises so looking at exactly

what balance of payments are so balance

of payment payments problems occur in

general when um when a when a country's

economic transactions um in relation to

the rest of the world results in

imbalances in its external accounts so

balance of payments basically just

records um a country's economic

transactions with the rest of the world

and there's two main like components of

it the first one being the current

account and the second one being the

capital and financial account so an an

imbalance in the current account looks

at when um a current um sorry a country

is running a trade deficit so trade

deficit occurs when you're importing

more goods and so

then you're exporting um and then

secondly you in terms of the current

account um there's an imbalance in the

current account when a a country has a

trade surplus so basically they export

more than they import and then in terms

of um imbalance for the balance of

payments in the capital account so the

capital and financial account looks at

um Capital transfers and the acquisition

um of financial assets so so imbalances

in this account can result result from

like large Capital flows such as um

foreign investment or like changes in

reserve assets so um specifically the

CRA the C is trying to um create

Financial in financial

stability um and it helps countries what

when their when their balance of

payments um is not like when they have

problems in terms of their balance of

payments and then thirdly we look at um

Business Council and academic forums so

bricks established a business Council

and academic forums to facilitate

collaboration among business communities

and academics from member countries so

basically these platforms that they've

established promote dialogue um the

exchanging of ideas and like creating

joint project projects which Fosters a

stronger like f like Fosters stronger

ties among businesses and academic uh

communities within

bricks uh okay so that is it on brics

I'd suggest that you guys do a bit more

research on brics especially in terms of

like the new developments within this

year um before Nationals cuz I think um

that it's like a very current topic that

has the potential to like um materialize

itself into motion or something um so

now we are going to be moving

on um so aan or

Asian people pronounce it differently um

is the next economic Alliance that we're

going to be looking at so it stands for

the association of Southeast Asian

Nations and it was first established in

1967 uh that's supposed to say 1967 I

don't know why there are two ones over

there um so there are a regional

intergovernmental organization that

compromises of 10 different countries in

Southeast Asia those countries are

Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines

Singapore Thailand uh brune Vietnam Laos

uh Myanmar and Cambodia so their main

goals are to promote economic growth

social progress and Regional stability

um I think like a lot of economic

alliances their goals and objectives

kind of uh are similar to each other but

the ways that they achieve those goals

are obviously going to be different like

dependent on the resources that they

have and just their different like

political and economic uh standings so

they work together on various issues

including economic cooperation political

security and social cultural

development so now we're going to go

into the goals and the objectives uh I

feel like in part one and also in bricks

we talked a lot about how like economic

growth is promoted so um for this I've

mainly looked at how it has been

achieved and uh mechanism mechanisms

that they've already used so the first

goal being promoting economic growth how

it's been achieved so firstly we have um

free trade a um agreements so um they've

actively pursued the establishment of

free trade agreements among like their

own member states and with external

Partners so the um aian free trade area

is like a notable example which

basically aims to reduce tariffs and

trade barriers with within the region

and then furthermore they've entered

into free trade agreements with um key

Partners such as um like China Japan

South Korea Australia New Zealand which

um facilitates like increased trade and

economic cooperation then we looking at

the aec which is the

um uh the a Ian Community I mean Asian

economic Community right um so basically

this was launched in 2015 and it seeks

to create like a single market and

production base which just promotes the

free flow of goods Services investment

and skilled labor and it's um it

enhances economic integration and

fosters a more competitive and dynamic

izn economy so this is obviously looking

at Common Market which were talked about

in part one um then thirdly we're

looking at infrastructure development so

they've prioritize infrastructure

development to try and enhance like

connectivity and in order to make sure

that like trade occurs um so they have

like different projects such as the

master plan on asan connectivity which

basically just focuses on like improving

Transportation energy and

information um and commun communication

technology infrastructure which like in

turn reduces logistical challenges and

promotes um economic activities and then

like lastly um in terms of how economic

growth has been achieved we're looking

at um capacity building and uh human

capital development so aen has uh

recognized the importance of investing

in human capital um that being like

humans specifically and they like

abilities and how they can help the

economy and so they have like founded

initiatives to enhance education um

skills training and knowledge sharing um

so this in turn like contributes to more

capable and competitive Workforce and

this supports like sustained economic

growth um and then like their second

goal and objective that they're trying

to achieve is social prog uh social

progress and how like this is so just

going to look at how this has been

achieved this is a little bit like less

tangible um than like how they've

achieved their first goal on their third

goal um but like these programs and

mechanisms have been implemented

nonetheless so firstly we're looking at

community- based programs so Asen has

implemented Community Based programs um

in order to just like um address social

issues but this is specifically at

grassroot levels so um it focuses on

Health Care education trying to

alleviate uh poverty and other things

like you know Community Development um

so by involving local communities uh aen

is trying to ensure that social progress

re reaches like um all parts of society

or like segments of society then

secondly looking at Healthcare

initiatives um asan has prioritized like

healthcare as a fundamental aspect of

social progress so they have like

collaborative efforts to like decrease

prevention um I

mean

um what am I saying oh uh collaborative

efforts that

um uh try to like prevent diseases

improving Healthcare infrastructure um

and trying to address public health

challenges so obviously like uh during

covid-19 that also promoted increased

Regional cooperation in managing

um health crisises because this is one

of like uh their main goals and

objectives then thirdly looking at

educational um enhancement so Asen has

worked towards uh trying to enhance

Educational Systems and trying to um

increase the the the the quality um of

education and the access to that quality

education so um they have different

initiatives such as like promoting

educational exchange programs like um

improving the curriculum standards

themselves and then addressing

challenges related to literacy and um

School attendance and then lastly

looking at um human rights framework so

basically asien has try to develop a

human rights framework in order to

address the issues related to like

Social Justice and

inclusivity um and so then the Asian

human rights uh declaration and the Ian

Commission on the promotion and

protection of the rights of women and

children are two examples of just like

um Regional mechanisms that have been

created with the aim to promote uh human

rights and social progress so looking at

the last one in terms of Human Rights

framework we can see that that's a

little bit more tangible in terms of

trying to establish actual standards um

and mechanisms to uh measure social

progress by

um okay and then their last goal which

is regional stability uh we're just

looking at how that has been achieved so

firstly we have the Treaty of um the

Treaty of um emity and cooperation the

the TAC so the TAC has been like signed

by all Asian member states and in

general it promotes the principles that

they would like to support of like

mutual respect non-interference

um and in general peaceful dispute

resolution so the states um commit to

refraining from the use of like force

and in order to resolve confli con

conflicts they're like looking at

mechanisms uh that are more peaceful and

these all try to contribute to like

Regional stability to ensure that major

conflicts don't like um happen between

them then secondly we looking at the

Asian Regional for Forum so this was was

established in

1994 and it was basically just a

platform for dialogue and cooperation on

all like political and security issues

and all the member states and external

partners are included which like enables

them to Foster discussions on Regional

security challenges um and different

like confidence building measures um

then thirdly they have like the military

confidence building measures so the

Asian member states have Implement have

implemented like military confidence

building measures and the aim of it is

to try and like enhance transparency and

reduce the risk of misunderstandings

between member states so the like

measures that they use are looking at

like information sharing joint exercises

and then like Dialogue on defense

policies in

general um then uh the next way that

they've achieved like Regional stability

is looking at the Asian um political

security Community the apsc so um

basically what it aims to do is to

strengthen political and security

cooperation among member states um and

it like includes measures for conflict

prevention conflict

resolution um and postconflict uh peace

building so in order to like stop

conflict from happening and if conflict

does happen uh the correct ways to

address it

um and then lastly the Asian center for

the study of radicalism and terrorism so

it was established in

2003 yeah 2003 and it focuses on

basically just research and

collaboration to address any threat of

um radicalism and terrorism in the

region so it contributes to the regional

stability by promoting like a united

front against security challenges is um

as a whole um so yeah these are the ways

that um asan have been able to somewhat

achieve and continue to achieve their

goals and

objectives now we're just going to be

looking at um challenges that Asen have

faced in general so the first one being

like issues with sovereignity um so um

in general decisions made by asien can

obviously sometimes conflict individual

member states um interests which I think

makes sense considering they have quite

a few member states and obviously uh

their individual interest will not

always align with what like asien wants

to do um so the first one is looking at

like this uh the South China Sea dispute

so um in general the

territorial um disputes in the South

China Sea involve several of like the

member countries including Vietnam the

Philippines Malaysia and it's like they

have overlapping claims with China so

Asian has faced challenges in in like

reaching a unified stance on the issue

um and some members like some member

states have preferred like a more

assertive approach in dealing with China

while e like others have advocated for

like diplomatic and Cooperative

resolution so there's like a lack of a

like unanimous position on the South

China SE issue um and like this has at

times like led to perceived conflicts of

interest among um among the Asian

members because they're trying to

achieve different things and even in

terms of the things that they are trying

to achieve um the mechanisms that they

want to use to achieve these like goals

are different and then

secondly um looking at the rohinga

crisis right so this involves like the

persecution ution of Rin Muslim minority

in uh Myanmar specifically and has been

like the source of tension with within

like asien so although like the

organization itself promotes the

principle of like non-interference in

terms of international Affairs of member

states um the humanitarian crisis in

Myanmar has tested this principle

specifically because like some member

states particularly like those directly

affected by the Refugee influx um have

called for like a more proactive um

Asian role in terms of like looking at

the crisis and addressing the crisis and

then there's other member states that

argue for like respecting myanmar's uh

sovereignity and handling the issue um

through like their own means right so

obviously these two specific examples

are able to like um highlight the like

intricacies and complexity of

maintaining um a unified uh front Within

within like Asian um with like when

individual member states have different

national interests and priorities um so

that means that like the organization's

commitment to consensus building

sometimes uh means that decisions will

not always like fully align with the

preferences of certain member states

which can like lead to perceived

conflicts of interests um and then

having to like um manage these like

issues obviously is going to pose like a

challenge for Asian as a whole um while

asien like is trying to balance the

principles of unity and non-interference

with like uh the need to address um the

regional issues

effectively um and then the second

challenge that like Asian faces in

general is there's been like large

criticism towards um like their

mechanisms and the ability for their

mechanisms to work uh so firstly they

have like weak enforcement mechanisms so

um they aren't able to ensure that

member states like follow the economic

agreements that they have signed so in

comparison to like other Regional

organizations such as like the EU um the

Asen does not have like um institutions

with the authority to kind of like

enforce the compliance then secondly

they have like n non-binding of

agreements so many of like their

economic Agreements are non-binding in

nature which means that they're just

like kind of relying on the cooperation

of the member states themselves and as a

result it can like as a whole undermine

the effectiveness of the agreements and

limits um their ability to like Drive

substantial economic integration and

completely um achieve all their goals

then thirdly we're looking at like

varying levels of commitment so this

looks at like the member states

themselves having varying levels of

commitment in terms of um implementing

economic agreements which like leads to

disparities and compliance

um so this uneven like commitment

obviously hinders the like realization

of the full economic potential that um

was envisioned by the Asian um

agreements when they were made and then

lastly looking at the limited dispute um

resolution mechanisms so although they

have um mechanisms for dispute

resolution um they're often like

considered slow and less effective

um like they're typically addressed

through dialogue and consultation and

the fact that they don't have like a

specific mechanism for resolving

disputes May weaken the enforcement of

like economic agreements and I think

like in terms of these criticisms we can

see we can see like these arising when

um

things like the South China Sea dispute

like happen and there isn't like

necessarily a specific way that these

issues are being solved even though

they're involving like a lot of

different members of the like Asian

economic

Alliance um so yeah those are like the

main criticism

criticisms uh yeah of like the

mechanisms

themselves okay and then lastly we're

going to be looking at mint so that is

um Mexico

Indonesia Nigeria and turkey so they

were kind of just like the successes of

like two like the bricks countries um

and they were chosen like for the same

reasons that the bricks countries were

chosen the fact that they have potential

for like future growth um but this one

specifically based on like certain

Geographic um demographic and economic

factors so um this is more of like a

concept rather than like having having

like a formal political or economic

Alliance it's not necessarily something

that has like a lot of implementation in

comparison to like Asian and Bricks um

and in general like the mint countries

suffer from like corruption and

political

instability um and this is like after

they strugg have struggled with

significant problems in the past in

general um

yeah so now we're just going to be

looking at what like the concept of

highlights because again they aren't

like a formal economic Alliance it's

just based on um people's perceptions of

the fact that they could have

like they could be a very good economic

Alliance and uh they have like a lot of

potential for growth um so like that's

the first thing that's highlighted is

the economic potential so in general

like these countries are seen as having

significant like economic potential um

due to specific factors those being um

like they have a large and growing

populations um in terms of GE like

geography they have strategic

geographical locations and in terms of

their economies they have diverse

economies so the purpose in this sense

is like to draw attention to the

opportunities for investment and

economic development in these nations

because again they don't have like a

formal economic or political

Alliance um then secondly what it

highlights is is the diversification of

global economic influence so by grouping

these four countries together um they

aim to like diversify the global like

economic landscape and the purpose is to

challenge the traditional dominance of

Western economies and contribute to more

like balanced representation of um

emerging markets in international

economic uh discussions as a whole um

then thirdly looking at Market

opportunities so mint represents like a

collective Market um that has like

substantial consumer populations right

so the purpose of like mint like the

concept of mint is uh to showcase the

opportunities for um businesses and

investors to kind of like engage with

these countries um and like tap into

their markets and like contribute to

their like economic growth um economic

growth um and then lastly looking at

global economic dialogue um the concept

of mint contributes to the global

economic dialogue by emphasizing the

importance of like Emerging Markets into

like um the world landscape so the

purpose is to encourage discussions and

collaborations that um in some way

recognize the influence and the

potential of these nations in shaping um

the future of the global economy so like

those are the four main things that

minant like the idea of mint establishes

right so even though like mint itself

doesn't have a formal structure or like

specific objectives the purpose lies in

mainly like highlighting the combined

economic strength and potential for

these four um emerging economies and

fostering a greater understanding like

of their specific role in um in the

evolving global economic landscape um so

yes that is it on mint asien and Bricks

um I hope you guys have made it to the

end of this video and have enjoyed it if

you guys have any questions again please

feel free to message me and ask um enjoy

your day further