Sejarah Masa Orde Lama

Summary

This video covers Indonesia's journey through the Old Order era under President Soekarno. It explores key events, such as the 1945 Proclamation of Independence, the formation of the non-aligned movement, and Indonesia's first general election in 1955. The video highlights both the advantages, like Indonesia's success in securing independence, and the challenges, such as political instability and ideological conflicts. It also discusses the transition from the Old Order to the New Order, marked by the signing of the Supersemar in 1966, which led to Soeharto’s rise to power, signaling the end of Soekarno's presidency.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia declared its independence on August 17, 1945, through a proclamation read by President Soekarno.
• 😀 Soekarno was appointed as the first president of Indonesia on August 18, 1945, by acclamation from the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI).
• 😀 The 'Old Order' era refers to the period under Soekarno's leadership, which lasted until 1966, and was characterized by political instability and efforts to protect independence.
• 😀 The 'New Order' term was coined by Soeharto to describe the period after Soekarno's government.
• 😀 Soekarno led Indonesia through a period of peace and stability, but also faced political turmoil and challenges to government authority.
• 😀 One of the Old Order government's successes was Indonesia's role in founding the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961.
• 😀 The first general election in Indonesia was held in 1955, considered the most democratic at the time despite challenging security conditions.
• 😀 The Old Order faced ideological conflicts, particularly between religious groups, nationalists, and communists, leading to political instability.
• 😀 Guided democracy, introduced by Soekarno in 1959, gave the president greater power and was marked by the dominance of state ideologies such as Nasakom (Nationalism, Religion, Communism).
• 😀 The Old Order era ended with the Supersemar decree issued by Soekarno in 1966, transferring power to Soeharto in the wake of the September 30th Movement (G30S).
• 😀 Soeharto officially became president of Indonesia on March 27, 1968, marking the beginning of the New Order era.

Q & A

What was the significance of Indonesia's declaration of independence on August 17, 1945?

Indonesia declared its independence on August 17, 1945, after a long struggle against colonial rule, marking the birth of the independent Republic of Indonesia.

Why was Soekarno appointed as Indonesia's first president?

Soekarno was appointed as Indonesia's first president on August 18, 1945, after being chosen by acclamation by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI).

What is the 'Old Order' period in Indonesia's history?

The 'Old Order' refers to the era during Soekarno's presidency, from 1945 to 1966, a period marked by political instability, efforts to maintain independence, and the establishment of key policies like Guided Democracy.

What was the role of the 'New Order' term in Indonesian history?

The 'New Order' was a term coined by Soeharto to describe the period after Soekarno's presidency, marking a shift in governance and political strategies. It contrasts with the 'Old Order' era.

What were some of the advantages of the Old Order government?

The Old Order government successfully preserved Indonesian independence, established Indonesia as a pioneer of the non-aligned movement, and held the first general election in 1955, considered the most democratic election in the country's history.

What were the key disadvantages during the Old Order period?

The Old Order faced political instability, ideological conflicts, and the emergence of Guided Democracy, which concentrated power in the hands of the president. There were also tensions between different political groups, including religious factions and communists.

What was the 'Guided Democracy' introduced by Soekarno?

Guided Democracy was a political system introduced by Soekarno in 1959 that centralized power in the presidency and reduced the influence of political parties, marking a shift from liberal democracy.

What was the concept of Nasakom, and how did it impact Indonesia?

Nasakom, an abbreviation for Nationalism, Religion, and Communism, was a political concept introduced by Soekarno to unify various ideologies after the 30 September Movement. However, it lost its influence following the 1965 tragedy, where the PKI's involvement was suspected.

What were the events leading to the end of the Old Order era?

The end of the Old Order came after the signing of the Supersemar (March 11, 1966), which transferred authority to Soeharto, following the September 30th Movement (G30S/PKI) and increasing political instability.

How did the New Order government differ from the Old Order?

The New Order, which began in 1966 under Soeharto, represented a shift towards more centralized, authoritarian control, contrasting with Soekarno's more chaotic and ideologically diverse Old Order government.