【Health】Health Medical Care System in Japan Second Edition
Summary
TLDREl sistema de salud y atención médica en Japón se caracteriza por su red de colaboración entre instituciones. El Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar se encarga de formular políticas nacionales, mientras que los gobiernos locales planifican servicios de salud basados en estas políticas. Los centros de salud pública y municipales se ocupan de promoción y prevención, mientras que hospitales y clínicas ofrecen atención médica. Este resumen ilustra el proceso de atención médica y salud materna, destacando la importancia de la cobertura de seguro y el sistema de atención integral, desde la consulta médica hasta el cuidado prenatal y postnatal.
Takeaways
- 🏥 El sistema de atención médica en Japón cuenta con una red bien establecida de colaboración entre los sistemas de salud y atención médica que ayuda a mantener altos estándares de servicios.
- 🌐 El sistema administrativo japonés se compone de tres niveles: nacional, prefectural y municipal, con funciones autónomas a nivel local.
- 🛌 Los servicios de salud pública relacionados con la gestión de la salud de la comunidad, como la prevención y promoción de la salud, son provistos por centros de salud pública y municipales.
- 🏥 Los hospitales y clínicas son quienes proporcionan servicios médicos para tratar enfermedades, no los centros de salud pública y municipal.
- 📋 El Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar es responsable de la creación de políticas y programas para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de sistemas de salud, atención médica y servicios de bienestar.
- 🏛 Los gobiernos locales planifican y ejecutan programas de salud y atención médica basados en las políticas nacionales establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar.
- 🏢 Los centros de salud pública tienen roles diversos, incluyendo la planificación, implementación y evaluación de programas de salud en sus respectivas áreas de responsabilidad.
- 💊 En Japón, todos están obligados a tener algún tipo de seguro de salud, el cual cubre el 70% de los costos de atención médica y medicamentos.
- 🤰 Las mujeres embarazadas en Japón reciben atención prenatal en hospitales, clínicas o hogares maternidad, y pueden elegir el lugar que deseen para su atención y parto.
- 👶 Los niños en Japón reciben chequeos de salud y vacunaciones en centros de salud municipales o clínicas de su comunidad después de nacer.
- 📚 Los centros de salud municipal proveen servicios integrales de salud, incluyendo promoción de la salud, chequeos de salud y vacunaciones a los residentes de la comunidad.
Q & A
¿Cómo está estructurado el sistema administrativo de Japón?
-El sistema administrativo de Japón consta de tres niveles: nacional, prefectural y municipal. Las prefecturas y los municipios tienen funciones autónomas y a menudo se les denomina gobiernos locales.
¿Qué servicios proporcionan los centros de salud pública y los centros de salud municipales en Japón?
-Los centros de salud pública y los centros de salud municipales proporcionan servicios relacionados con la gestión de la salud de los residentes de la comunidad, como la prevención y la promoción de la salud. No proporcionan servicios médicos.
¿Qué papel juega el Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar en Japón?
-El Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar es responsable del sistema administrativo a nivel nacional. Su principal función es crear políticas y programas para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de diversos sistemas de salud, servicios médicos y de bienestar.
¿Cómo se implementan los programas de salud a nivel local en Japón?
-Cada gobierno prefectural o municipal planifica e implementa sus propios programas de salud y médicos basados en las políticas y programas nacionales designados por el Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar.
¿Cómo se organizan los centros de salud pública y los centros de salud municipales en las prefecturas?
-Cada prefectura se divide en varios distritos de salud. Los centros de salud pública se establecen en cada distrito de salud y son responsables de varios municipios. Los centros de salud municipales proporcionan servicios directos a los residentes de la comunidad con el apoyo técnico de los centros de salud pública.
¿Qué cobertura ofrece el seguro de salud en Japón?
-En Japón, el seguro de salud cubre el 70% de los costos de consulta y medicamentos, mientras que el paciente debe pagar el 30% restante.
¿Qué deben hacer las mujeres embarazadas en Japón después de confirmar su embarazo?
-Después de confirmar su embarazo, las mujeres deben recibir atención prenatal en un hospital, clínica o casa de maternidad. También deben registrar su embarazo en la oficina de salud maternoinfantil de su municipio de residencia para recibir su libro de salud maternoinfantil y vales médicos para chequeos gratuitos.
¿Qué roles y actividades cubren los centros de salud pública en Japón?
-Los centros de salud pública en Japón cubren una variedad de roles y actividades, como el control de enfermedades infecciosas, la higiene alimentaria, el VIH/SIDA, la salud maternoinfantil y la salud mental. También planifican, implementan y evalúan programas de salud en los distritos de salud responsables y apoyan a los centros de salud municipales.
¿Qué servicios proporcionan los centros de salud municipales a los residentes de la comunidad?
-Los centros de salud municipales proporcionan servicios de salud integrales como la promoción de la salud, chequeos de salud y vacunaciones a los residentes de la comunidad.
¿Cómo se coordinan los servicios de salud para una mujer embarazada que necesita medidas preventivas adicionales en Japón?
-En caso de que una mujer embarazada necesite medidas preventivas adicionales, el centro de salud municipal consultará al centro de salud pública de la prefectura correspondiente si es necesario. El centro de salud municipal puede organizar visitas domiciliarias por una enfermera de salud pública, y estos servicios se proporcionan en colaboración con los gobiernos locales, municipales y prefecturales y hospitales en su lugar de residencia.
Outlines
😀 Sistema de Salud y Cuidado Médico en Japón
El primer párrafo introduce el sistema de salud y cuidado médico en Japón, destacando su red de colaboración bien establecida. Se menciona que este sistema es clave para mantener altos estándares de atención médica. Se describe la estructura de gobierno en tres niveles: nacional, prefectural y municipal, y la función autónoma de los gobiernos locales. Los servicios de salud pública, como la prevención y promoción de la salud, son provistos por centros de salud pública y municipales bajo la responsabilidad de los gobiernos locales. Los servicios médicos, que tratan enfermedades, son provistos por hospitales y clínicas. El Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar se encarga del sistema administrativo a nivel nacional, mientras que los gobiernos locales plan y ejecutan programas de salud y medicina basados en políticas nacionales.
🏥 Acceso a Servicios Médicos en Japón
El segundo párrafo se enfoca en el acceso a servicios médicos en Japón. Se explica que los centros de salud pública no proporcionan servicios médicos, y que estos son ofrecidos por hospitales y clínicas, que pueden ser públicos o privados. Se menciona la Ley de Cuidado Médico de Japón, que requiere permiso de las autoridades locales para abrir una nueva institución médica. El sistema de seguro de salud en Japón es obligatorio y cubre el 70% de los costos médicos, con el paciente pagando el 30% restante. Se presenta el caso de Akio, quien visita una clínica cerca de su casa para someterse a exámenes y recibir un diagnóstico médico.
🤰 Cuidados Prenatales y Nacimiento en Japón
El tercer párrafo sigue el caso de Hanako, la esposa de Akio, quien se siente posiblemente embarazada y confirma su embarazo en una clínica de obstetricia y ginecología privada. Se describe el proceso de registro de embarazo en la oficina de salud materno-infantil de su municipio y la recepción de un manual de salud materno-infantil con vales para exámenes de salud gratuitos. Se menciona el papel de los centros de salud pública y municipal en la provisión de servicios de salud, incluyendo el apoyo técnico de enfermeras de salud pública y la implementación de programas de salud. El párrafo concluye con la nacimiento segura de Hanako y el seguimiento de los servicios de salud para su bebé en el centro de salud municipal de su comunidad.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Sistema de salud y atención médica japonés
💡Gobiernos locales
💡Centros de salud pública
💡Ministerio de Salud, Trabajo y Bienestar Social
💡Seguro de salud
💡Consulta médica
💡Policías de precios fijos
💡Embarazo y atención prenatal
💡Oficina de salud materno-infantil
💡Cuaderno de salud materno-infantil
💡Vacunas
Highlights
Japan has a well-established collaboration network among its health and medical care systems, contributing to high standards in health and medical services.
Health services in Japan include prevention and health promotion provided by public health centers and municipal health centers.
Medical services for curing diseases are provided by hospitals and clinics, not by public health centers.
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is responsible for creating policies and programs for health, medical, and welfare services at the national level.
Local governments plan and implement health and medical programs based on national policies.
Each prefecture is divided into health districts with public health centers established in each.
Municipal health centers provide direct services to residents with the support of public health centers.
In Japan, people can choose any clinic or hospital for medical consultations, including public or private institutions.
Health insurance in Japan covers 70% of medical fees, with individuals paying 30%.
Medical treatment and prescribed drugs have fixed prices, regardless of whether the institution is public or private.
Pregnant women in Japan receive prenatal care at hospitals, clinics, or maternity homes until delivery.
Pregnant women are advised to report their pregnancy to the maternal and child health office for a maternal child health handbook and medical vouchers.
Public health centers have roles in planning, implementation, and evaluation of health programs in their health districts.
Municipal health centers provide comprehensive health services including health promotion, checkups, and vaccinations.
In cases of abnormalities during prenatal checkups, the doctor decides on treatment or referral to an appropriate hospital.
Public health centers support municipal health centers in planning and evaluation of health programs.
Public health centers consist of various health professionals, including doctors, nurses, and technicians.
Municipal health centers collaborate with local governments and hospitals to provide preventive measures and follow-up services.
Babies in Japan undergo health check-ups and vaccinations at municipal health centers or clinics in their community.
Transcripts
[Music]
japan has a well-established
collaboration network among its health
and medical care systems
this is one of the major factors which
contributes to maintaining high
standards in health
and medical services in japan
how do japanese health and medical care
systems work
in this video we will provide an outline
of the health and medical care services
within the major functions of each
institution in japan
[Music]
first let us take a look at the japanese
administrative system
it consists of three levels namely the
national
prefectural and municipal governments
prefectures and municipalities have
autonomous functions
and are often referred to as local
governments
[Music]
health services related to the health
management of community residents
such as prevention and health promotion
are provided by
public health centers and municipal
health centers
under the responsibility of local
governments such as prefectures
and municipalities
medical services are not provided in
both the public health centers and
municipal health centers
instead hospitals and clinics provide
medical care services
to cure diseases
now let us look at the health
administration system
the ministry of health labor and welfare
is responsible for the administrative
system
at the national level
the main role of the ministry is to
create policies and programs for the
establishment
and maintenance of various systems for
health
medical and welfare services
[Music]
meanwhile the main role of the local
government is to plan and bring
effective health services to people in
the community
based on national policies and programs
now let us take a closer look at local
governments
in japan there are 47 prefectures and
approximately 1700 municipalities
each prefectural or municipal government
plans and implements its own
health and medical programs based on the
national policies and programs
designated by the ministry of health
labor and welfare
each prefecture is divided into several
health districts
public health centers are established in
each health district
one health district consists of several
municipalities
and a public health center is
responsible for those municipalities
municipal health centers provide direct
services to community residents with the
technical support
of public health centers
now let's take the case of a family to
see what kind of health and medical
services are available
in japan
[Music]
here are mr and mrs tonica
the husband mr akiotonica
is 35 years old
and his wife hanukko is 30 years old
[Music]
akio works for jaika as a program
officer
and hanukkah works for a private
computer company as a system engineer
akio and hanukko have been married for
three years
and want to have a baby sooner or later
[Music]
akio looks healthy but he has had
something to worry about recently
every time he gets up in the morning he
feels pain in his stomach he has had the
same
symptoms since last month
[Music]
he decided to see the doctor he usually
visits
this doctor practices in a clinic close
to akio's home
specializing in internal medicine and
pediatrics
in japan people can choose to go to any
clinic or hospital
this time he chose a clinic close to his
home
he has undergone some examinations and
today
he is consulting the doctor for the
results
here is an explanation of the japanese
health system
in japan public and municipal health
centers
are responsible for providing preventive
services
such as health promotion and health
checkups whereas
medical institutions provide medical
care
[Music]
under the japanese medical care act when
a new medical institution is open
permission must be given by the head of
the prefectural government
or the mayors of larger cities
[Music]
once opened the medical institution is
placed under the control of local
governments with public health centers
such as prefectures and larger cities
institutions controlled under the
medical services act
include hospitals clinics and maternity
homes
generally adults like akio can choose
either a hospital
or a clinic to have a medical
consultation
he can also choose either public or
private institutions
public and municipal health centers in
japan do not provide medical services
so these are not available options at
this time
as such akio chose a private clinic
close to his house
let us now go back to how akio is doing
foreign
akio has finished his consultation with
the doctor
[Music]
he received a prescription from the
doctor and has to pay the consultation
fee
he has to pay 30 percent of the total
amount of the fee
70 percent of it is covered by health
insurance
in japan everyone is obliged to have
some kind of health insurance
furthermore each medical treatment and
the prescribed drugs
have a fixed price the fee for treatment
is the same in whichever clinic or
hospital you go to
there is no difference between public
and private institutions
[Music]
akio goes to a pharmacy near the clinic
he submitted the prescription to the
pharmacist and received the medicine
here again 70 of the total amount of
fees
is covered by health insurance
akio's pain is nothing serious but he
might need to go to the clinic
several more times
[Music]
now let's turn to akio's wife hanako
who works for a private computer company
one day she felt she might be pregnant
so she bought a pregnancy test kit at a
pharmacy
and tried it at home the result was
positive she shared the news with her
husband
what a wonderful surprise for akio
the next day she went to a private
obstetrics gynecology clinic
to consult a doctor
[Music]
in japan pregnant women go to a hospital
or clinic
to confirm their pregnancy
after confirming the pregnancy they
receive prenatal care at a hospital
clinic or maternity home until they
deliver the baby
people can choose a place for prenatal
care and delivery
with their options including a hospital
clinic
or maternity home
the doctor examined her and confirmed
that she was pregnant
and was already in the eighth week the
staff told hanukkah to come to the
clinic
every month for a regular prenatal
checkup
in addition they also advised her to
report her pregnancy to the maternal and
child health office
of her municipality of residence and to
claim her maternal child health handbook
with medical vouchers for health checks
this is the municipal health center in
municipality a
where the tanaka family lives
the following week hanukkah visited the
maternal and child health office
at the municipal health center for her
pregnancy registration
henceforth she is able to receive the
health services
provided by municipality a
a public health nurse interviews her and
gives her a maternity package
with an explanation
the package includes the mch handbook
medical vouchers with which she and her
baby can receive free
regular prenatal checkups and a booklet
containing health tips on pregnancy and
baby care
this is the public health center in
prefecture x
that is responsible for municipality a
where hanako is living
public health centers have a variety of
roles and activities
various programs are covered by a public
health center
such as infectious disease control food
hygiene
hiv aids maternal and child health
and mental health
one of its roles is planning
implementation
and evaluation of health programs in
responsible health districts
another of its roles is to support the
municipal health center
for planning and evaluation of health
programs
in a municipality a public health center
has all kinds of health professionals
including medical doctors veterinarians
pharmacists public health nurses
dietitians
and laboratory technicians
[Music]
meanwhile municipal health centers are
established under the municipal
government
they provide comprehensive health
services such as health promotion
health checkups and vaccinations to
community residents
[Music]
now let's look at how public and
municipal health centers in japan
provide their services using hanukkah's
case
as an example as scheduled
hanako went to see an obstetrician for a
regular prenatal checkup
using a voucher the doctor happened to
find
some abnormality with her
[Music]
in this kind of case the doctor decides
whether to treat her
or to refer her to an appropriate
hospital
afterwards her physical and
psychological condition
should be reported to the maternal and
child health office
at municipality a where hanako lives
[Music]
the municipal health center will further
consult a public health center
in charge of prefecture x if necessary
the municipal health center will provide
preventive measures to hanukkah
such as the arrangement of home visits
by a public health nurse
such services are provided in
collaboration with local municipal
and prefectural governments and
hospitals in her place of residence
this follow-up continues until hanukkah
holds her baby in her
arms
[Music]
it's already been a few months since
hanukko gave birth
safely
[Music]
after hanukkah gives birth her baby will
undergo some health check-ups and
vaccinations
at a municipal health center or a clinic
in her community
the baby will grow up being very
involved in the japanese health and
medical care systems
see you again in the next story goodbye
and
[Music]
sayonara
[Music]
you
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