condicionamiento operante ejemplos / condicionamiento operante / skinner / psiqueacademica

psiqueacademica

24 May 202204:30

Summary

TLDRThis video script explores the concept of operant conditioning, a learning process that shapes behavior through reinforcement and punishment. It discusses four types of conditioning: positive reinforcement, where a pleasant stimulus is added to increase a behavior; negative reinforcement, where an unpleasant stimulus is removed to encourage a behavior; positive punishment, where an unpleasant stimulus is added to decrease a behavior; and negative punishment, where a pleasant stimulus is removed to discourage a behavior. Examples provided include social reinforcement in theater, avoiding chores for eating vegetables, supervisor removal for good work, and the use of fines and imprisonment as punitive measures.

Takeaways

📚 The script discusses examples of operant conditioning, a learning process that shapes behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
🔁 Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again, while punishment decreases it.
👍 Positive reinforcement involves adding something pleasant to increase a desired behavior, such as applause for a girl's acting in a school play.
🎖️ Social reinforcement, like attention and approval, is a form of positive reinforcement, as seen when the girl receives praise from her teacher.
📝 Grades can act as a source of reinforcement, encouraging the continuation of good performance.
🍽️ An example of positive reinforcement is when a girl is invited out to dinner for her excellent acting, providing a tangible reward.
🥦 Negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase a behavior, like not having to clean the table after eating vegetables.
👨‍💼 In the workplace, removing an undesirable aspect, such as supervision, can serve as negative reinforcement for good performance.
🚫 Positive punishment introduces something unpleasant to decrease an undesired behavior, like assigning an unenjoyable task for poor grades.
🚦 Fines for traffic violations are an example of positive punishment, aiming to deter future infractions.
🏫 Negative punishment involves taking away something enjoyable to reduce a behavior, like removing recess for classroom disorder.
🗓️ An example of negative punishment is being denied a weekend trip as a consequence of bad behavior, encouraging better conduct.
🔒 Imprisonment is cited as a form of punishment that removes freedom to prevent socially undesirable behaviors.

Q & A

What is operant conditioning?
-Operant conditioning is a method of learning that involves shaping behavior through reinforcement and punishment.
How does positive reinforcement work in operant conditioning?
-Positive reinforcement in operant conditioning involves adding something pleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Can you give an example of positive reinforcement from the script?
-An example from the script is a girl receiving applause and praise for her acting in a school play, which encourages her to continue performing well.
What is the purpose of negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?
-The purpose of negative reinforcement is to remove something unpleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior, thus avoiding the undesired consequence.
How is negative reinforcement illustrated in the script?
-In the script, a boy is told he won't have to clear the table after eating his vegetables, which he dislikes, thus encouraging him to eat them.
What is meant by positive punishment in operant conditioning?
-Positive punishment involves presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Can you provide an example of positive punishment from the script?
-A girl receives a bad grade in social studies, and her mother assigns her an unpleasant task of sweeping the yard as a consequence.
What is the concept of negative punishment in operant conditioning?
-Negative punishment is the removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior, discouraging the behavior from happening again.
How is negative punishment demonstrated in the script?
-In the script, a teacher takes away a group's recess time because of disorder in the classroom, removing a pleasant activity to discourage the behavior.
What is the role of social reinforcement in the script example?
-Social reinforcement, such as applause and praise, serves to increase the likelihood of the girl continuing to perform well in the school play.
How does the script relate operant conditioning to everyday life scenarios?
-The script uses everyday scenarios like eating vegetables, performing well at work, and social behaviors to illustrate the principles of operant conditioning.
What is the final message of the script regarding operant conditioning?
-The script encourages viewers to tune in next week to learn about good practices in operant conditioning, suggesting a continuation of the topic.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Operant Conditioning

This paragraph introduces the concept of operant conditioning, a method of learning by shaping behavior through reinforcement and punishment. It discusses how reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while punishment decreases it. The speaker sets the stage for examples to be provided in the following paragraphs.

🎭 Positive Reinforcement Examples

The paragraph delves into the concept of positive reinforcement, where something pleasant is added to increase the frequency of a behavior. Examples include a girl receiving applause and praise for her performance in a school play, a teacher's commendation and good grades as a form of academic reinforcement, and a boyfriend's invitation to dinner as a personal reward. These examples illustrate how positive reinforcement can be applied in various social and educational contexts.

🥦 Negative Reinforcement Scenarios

This section explains negative reinforcement, where an unpleasant aspect is removed to increase a certain behavior. A child who dislikes eating vegetables is rewarded by being exempted from clearing the table, and an employee who performs well is relieved from supervision. These examples show how removing negative stimuli can motivate individuals to engage in desired behaviors.

🚫 Positive Punishment Instances

The paragraph presents positive punishment, where an undesirable element is introduced to decrease the occurrence of a behavior. A girl who performs poorly in social studies is given an unpleasant task as a consequence, and drivers who commit traffic violations are fined to deter them from repeating the offense. These examples demonstrate how adding negative consequences can suppress unwanted behaviors.

🏠 Negative Punishment and Deterrence

The final paragraph discusses negative punishment, where a pleasurable aspect is taken away to reduce a behavior. Students are deprived of recess for making a mess in the living room, and a girl is denied a weekend visit to her friends' house due to bad behavior. The paragraph concludes with the example of imprisonment, where freedom is taken away to prevent socially undesirable actions, emphasizing the role of negative punishment in behavior modification.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards or punishments for behavior. In the video, it is the central theme, illustrating how behaviors can be increased or decreased through reinforcement or punishment. For instance, when a girl does well in a school play and receives applause, praise, and a good grade, these are positive reinforcements that encourage her to continue performing well.

💡Reinforcement

Reinforcement in the context of operant conditioning is the process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior occurring by providing a consequence. The video explains two types of reinforcement: positive and negative. Positive reinforcement is exemplified by the girl receiving applause and a good grade for her acting, while negative reinforcement is shown when a boy is told he won't have to clean the table if he eats his vegetables, removing an undesirable task to increase the behavior of eating vegetables.

💡Positive Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement is a subset of reinforcement where a pleasant stimulus is added to increase the frequency of a behavior. The video script mentions this when discussing the girl's acting in a play, where applause and a good grade act as rewards to increase the likelihood of her performing well in the future.

💡Negative Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior. In the video, it is illustrated when a boy is told he won't have to clean the table if he eats his vegetables, thus removing the chore to encourage him to eat more vegetables.

💡Punishment

Punishment is a process that decreases the likelihood of a behavior by adding an undesirable consequence or removing a pleasant one. The video distinguishes between positive and negative punishment. An example of positive punishment is when a girl is told to sweep the yard for performing poorly in social studies, adding an unpleasant task to discourage the behavior. Negative punishment is shown when a group's recess is taken away for making a mess in the living room, removing a pleasant activity to decrease the undesired behavior.

💡Positive Punishment

Positive Punishment is a type of punishment where an unpleasant stimulus is added to decrease the frequency of a behavior. The video provides the example of a girl being told to sweep the yard as a consequence of her poor performance in social studies, intending to reduce the likelihood of her performing poorly again.

💡Negative Punishment

Negative Punishment involves removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. In the video, it is exemplified by taking away the group's recess for making a mess, removing a positive experience to discourage the undesired behavior.

💡Behavior Modification

Behavior Modification is the process of changing behavior through the use of operant conditioning techniques. The video script discusses various examples of behavior modification, such as rewarding a girl for acting well in a play or punishing a student for making a mess, to shape future behavior.

💡Social Reinforcement

Social Reinforcement is a type of positive reinforcement that involves social approval or attention. The video script mentions applause and praise as forms of social reinforcement for the girl's acting performance, which increases the likelihood of her continuing to perform well.

💡Grades as Reinforcement

In the context of the video, grades are presented as a form of reinforcement that can influence behavior. When a girl receives a good grade for her acting, it serves as a positive reinforcement, encouraging her to continue performing at a high level.

💡Freedom as Reinforcement

The video script uses the example of a worker who is told she no longer needs supervision, implying that the freedom from oversight is a form of negative reinforcement, increasing the likelihood of her continuing to perform well at work.

💡Legal Punishment

Legal Punishment, such as fines for traffic violations mentioned in the video, is a form of positive punishment applied by authorities to decrease the likelihood of illegal behavior. It serves as a deterrent by making the behavior less desirable.

💡Prison as Punishment

Prison is presented in the video as an example of negative punishment, where the loss of freedom is used to decrease the likelihood of socially undesirable behavior. It is the ultimate form of punishment, removing a fundamental aspect of life to discourage criminal conduct.

Highlights

Introduction to operant conditioning and its focus on shaping behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

Explanation of positive reinforcement, where something pleasant is given to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Example of positive reinforcement in a school play, where applause, praise, and rewards increase the likelihood of good performance.

Discussion on negative reinforcement, where an unpleasant condition is removed to increase a behavior.

Illustration of negative reinforcement with a child eating vegetables to avoid a disliked task.

Positive punishment explained as the addition of an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Example of positive punishment with a student being assigned an undesirable task for poor performance.

Negative punishment defined as the removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Scenario of a teacher removing recess as a punishment for classroom disorder.

The use of fines as a form of positive punishment to deter traffic violations.

Practical application of operant conditioning in the workplace to improve employee performance.

The role of operant conditioning in shaping social behaviors and its ethical considerations.

Differentiating between the four types of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

The impact of operant conditioning on learning and behavior modification.

Real-life examples to illustrate the concepts of operant conditioning in everyday situations.

The importance of understanding the difference between reinforcement and punishment in behavior modification.

The potential misuse of operant conditioning principles and the need for responsible application.

Conclusion and anticipation of the next session focusing on best practices in operant conditioning.