한국어 문법 #27 -아/어 있다

Summary

In this educational video, Teacher Jangpan Bae explains the grammar of 'eo-i-ta', a Korean structure used to describe actions that have been completed but are still ongoing in their state. Through various examples, including sitting, blooming flowers, standing, and opening doors, the teacher highlights how 'eo-i-ta' conveys the continuity of a state after an action is finished. The lesson also compares common grammar mistakes, such as confusing 'go-i-da' with 'eo-i-ta' and uses illustrations to clarify the concept. The video encourages viewers to better understand the usage of this grammar point in everyday contexts.

Takeaways

• 😀 The grammar 'eo-i-ta' is used when an action has been completed, and that state continues.
• 😀 The example of sitting at a desk demonstrates how 'eo-i-ta' expresses a completed action (sitting) that continues.
• 😀 'Go-i-da' can be confused with 'eo-i-ta', but it refers to an ongoing action, like holding, rather than a completed action that continues.
• 😀 The action of sitting is complete and continues, while actions like holding are temporary and do not indicate continuity after completion.
• 😀 A good example of 'eo-i-ta' is when a flower blooms; the blooming action finishes, but the state of being in bloom continues.
• 😀 'Standing' can also be used in a similar way, where the standing action finishes, but the state of standing continues.
• 😀 Verbs such as 'sit', 'stand', 'bloom', and 'stick' can use 'eo-i-ta' to describe states that persist after the action is completed.
• 😀 The teacher emphasizes that 'eo-i-ta' is used with verbs that indicate passive voice, such as 'open', 'close', and 'hurt'.
• 😀 The grammar 'eo-i-ta' is different from 'go-i-da' because it refers to the continuation of a state after an action is completed, while 'go-i-da' describes ongoing processes.
• 😀 Examples like 'flowers blooming', 'employees standing', and 'notes stuck on doors' show how 'eo-i-ta' is used to describe actions that result in continuing states.

Q & A

What is the main concept of 'eo-i-ta' in Korean grammar?

'eo-i-ta' is used when the action of a verb has been completed, but the state resulting from that action continues. It indicates a continuous state after the completion of an action.

How does 'eo-i-ta' differ from 'go-i-da' in usage?

'eo-i-ta' is used to indicate that an action has finished, and the resulting state continues. In contrast, 'go-i-da' refers to an ongoing action or process, rather than a completed state.

Why does the teacher compare 'sitting' and 'holding' in this lesson?

The teacher compares 'sitting' and 'holding' to show how 'eo-i-ta' works. While sitting implies that the action of sitting is completed and the state continues, holding refers to an ongoing action, where the state of holding doesn't last once the action is finished.

What example does the teacher provide to explain 'eo-i-ta'?

The teacher provides an example of sitting at a desk. After sitting, the state of sitting continues, which makes it an appropriate example of 'eo-i-ta'.

Can 'eo-i-ta' be used for ongoing actions like 'holding'?

No, 'eo-i-ta' cannot be used for ongoing actions like holding. It is reserved for actions that have been completed but the resulting state continues, such as sitting after having sat down.

What is the significance of 'standing' in this lesson?

Standing is discussed to show the difference between an ongoing action ('standing') and a completed action with a continuing state ('sitting'). The teacher explains that 'standing' refers to the process of standing, not a completed action that results in a continuous state.

What grammatical role does 'eo-i-ta' play with verbs like 'bloom' or 'stand'?

'eo-i-ta' is used after verbs like 'bloom' or 'stand' to show that after the action (e.g., blooming or standing) is completed, the resulting state (blooming flowers or standing employees) continues.

How does 'eo-i-ta' relate to passive voice verbs?

'eo-i-ta' is often used with verbs that indicate passive voice, such as 'open', 'close', and 'hurt', to show that after the action is completed, the state resulting from the action continues.

What are some common mistakes learners make with 'eo-i-ta'?

Learners often confuse 'eo-i-ta' with 'go-i-da', as both involve verbs, but 'eo-i-ta' is for completed actions with continuous states, while 'go-i-da' indicates ongoing actions or processes.

What role does passive voice play in the understanding of 'eo-i-ta'?

Passive voice helps illustrate the concept of 'eo-i-ta' because verbs in the passive form (e.g., 'open', 'close', 'hurt') often describe actions that lead to states which continue after the action is finished, making 'eo-i-ta' a fitting grammar structure to describe these states.