WAWASAN NUSANTARA - MATERI KULIAH PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN

Summary

In this video, Ridwan Hashim delves into the concept of the Indonesian archipelago insight (Nusantara), explaining its etymological and terminological meanings, historical background, and significance. The video explores the development of Nusantara from the Palapa Oath to the Djuanda Declaration and its recognition in international law. It highlights the unity of the Indonesian nation, emphasizing national identity, territorial integrity, and geopolitical factors. The video also discusses the country's diversity and the role of the archipelago insight in maintaining unity across Indonesia's 17,508 islands and various cultures.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indonesian Archipelago Insight (Wawasan Nusantara) has both etymological and terminological meanings, with 'Nusantara' referring to an archipelago or nation connected by the sea.
• 😀 The word 'Nusantara' originates from the combination of 'Nusa' (island or nation) and 'antara' (between), reflecting the idea of islands connected by the sea.
• 😀 The concept of 'Nusantara' was historically shaped by the Majapahit Kingdom and later used by Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1928 to replace the term 'Dutch East Indies'.
• 😀 The Djuanda Declaration in 1957 expanded Indonesia's territorial sea by connecting the outermost islands, marking a significant shift towards an integrated archipelagic state.
• 😀 The Indonesian Archipelago was officially recognized in international law through the **United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea** in 1982, strengthening Indonesia's sovereignty over its waters.
• 😀 Sociologically, the Indonesian Archipelago Insight developed from Indonesia’s desire for unity after colonialism, symbolizing the spirit of nationalism and independence.
• 😀 Indonesia’s political background highlights the importance of maintaining territorial unity and national integrity, as reflected in its Constitution and national ideals.
• 😀 Geopolitically, Indonesia’s strategic location between two continents and oceans, along with its 17,508 islands, plays a key role in shaping its national policies and strategies.
• 😀 The archipelago insight extends beyond territorial integrity and emphasizes national unity, despite Indonesia’s ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity.
• 😀 Indonesia’s diverse population, with over 1,128 ethnic groups and numerous religious and cultural differences, must work together to preserve national unity and sovereignty.

Q & A

What is the etymological meaning of the term 'Nusantara'?

The term 'Nusantara' comes from two words: 'Nusa,' meaning island, and 'antara,' meaning between. It can be interpreted as an archipelago between the sea or as nations connected by the sea.

How did the term 'Nusantara' evolve historically?

The term 'Nusantara' historically began with the Palapa Oath in 1336 AD by Patih Gajah Mada in the Majapahit Kingdom, where it referred to islands outside Java. Over time, the term was used by Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1928 to replace 'Dutch East Indies,' and eventually, it became synonymous with 'Indonesia.'

What significant declaration was made by Prime Minister Djuanda in 1957?

Prime Minister Djuanda issued the Djuanda Declaration on December 13, 1957, which established that Indonesia's territorial sea would be measured by connecting the outermost islands. This declaration unified the Indonesian archipelago into a single maritime zone.

What was the previous system used to determine Indonesia's territorial waters before the Djuanda Declaration?

Before the Djuanda Declaration, Indonesia's territorial waters were based on the 1939 ordinance, which established a three-mile limit from each island's coastline. This system treated the seas between islands as free seas, with foreign ships allowed to pass freely.

How did the Djuanda Declaration impact Indonesia's sovereignty?

The Djuanda Declaration marked a shift in how Indonesia's territorial waters were perceived, consolidating them into a single archipelagic state. This concept was later enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, reinforcing the nation's sovereignty over its maritime territory.

What role did the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) play in recognizing Indonesia's archipelagic status?

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) recognized Indonesia as an archipelagic state at the 1982 conference. This international recognition solidified Indonesia's claim to its expansive territorial waters, which include both territorial seas and an exclusive economic zone.

What is the significance of Article 25A in Indonesia's 1945 Constitution regarding the archipelago insight?

Article 25A of the 1945 Constitution, established in 2002, formally recognizes Indonesia as an archipelagic state. It defines the nation's boundaries and asserts its rights over the maritime territories, thus embedding the concept of the archipelago insight into the nation's legal framework.

How does the archipelago insight relate to the unity of the Indonesian nation?

The archipelago insight emphasizes the unity and territorial integrity of Indonesia, underscoring the importance of maintaining a cohesive and unified nation despite its geographical diversity. It is viewed as a critical foundation for the nation's identity and sovereignty.

What are the key characteristics of Indonesia's geography that impact its geopolitics?

Indonesia's geography includes 17,508 islands, a tropical climate, a diverse range of flora and fauna, and a strategic position between two continents and two oceans. This unique geographic position influences its geopolitical strategies and policies.

What is the geopolitical view of the Indonesian nation, and how does it relate to the archipelago insight?

The geopolitical view of the Indonesian nation focuses on maintaining its territorial integrity and national unity. The archipelago insight, which initially concerned territorial boundaries, has evolved to represent the unity of the Indonesian nation in the context of its diverse geography and cultural landscape.