SEGUNDO REINADO: POLÍTICA INTERNA | Resumo de História para o Enem

Summary

The video delves into Brazil's Second Reign, starting with the 1840 coup that brought a 14-year-old Dom Pedro II to the throne. It highlights the struggle between liberals and conservatives, the failed attempt to establish a parliamentary system, and the subsequent political instability. The video covers revolts such as the Cabanagem, Balaiada, and Farroupilha, before focusing on the Praieira Revolution in Pernambuco, where liberal and socialist ideologies clashed with conservative elites. The rise of Dom Pedro II's conciliation policy brought temporary stability but did not fully resolve internal tensions, setting the stage for future political crises.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Second Reign of Dom Pedro II began in 1840 after a coup, leading to his ascension to the throne at the age of 14.
• 😀 Dom Pedro II's reign was shaped by a political project led by the Progressive Party, which sought to limit his power through a parliamentary system.
• 😀 The emperor rejected this plan and dissolved the liberal government, leading to new elections and a conservative majority in Parliament.
• 😀 Many elections during this period were marked by electoral fraud and violence, with the use of 'truncheons' to ensure conservative dominance.
• 😀 Multiple revolts during the Regency period, such as the Cabanagem, Balaiada, and Farroupilha Revolutions, were largely suppressed by imperial troops.
• 😀 The pacification of these revolts by Dom Pedro II's government, including the Treaty of Poncho Verde, was a key moment in stabilizing Brazil.
• 😀 Brazil's 'parliamentarism in reverse' was introduced in 1847, but the emperor retained significant power, including the ability to appoint ministers and dissolve Parliament.
• 😀 The Praieira Revolution (1848-1850) in Pernambuco was a liberal revolt against conservative forces, partly influenced by the European 'Spring of the People' revolutions.
• 😀 The liberals involved in the Praieira Revolution adopted progressive ideas such as universal suffrage, freedom of the press, and even elements of socialist and agrarian reform agendas.
• 😀 After the Praieira Revolution was suppressed, Dom Pedro II pursued a policy of political conciliation, creating a coalition government to maintain stability between liberals and conservatives.
• 😀 The conciliation policy worked effectively for about 15 years, offering political stability until the political crisis in 1868, which would lead to further developments in Brazilian history.

Q & A

What marked the beginning of the second reign in Brazil?

The second reign began in 1840 with a coup d'état, known as the 'coup of majority,' which led to the ascension of Dom Pedro II to the throne at the age of 14.

What political party was involved in Dom Pedro II's rise to the throne?

Dom Pedro II ascended the throne through the political project of the Progressive Party, which aimed to limit the power of the emperor.

What was the main political goal of the liberals when Dom Pedro II came to power?

The liberals aimed to establish a parliamentary system in Brazil, hoping to reduce the emperor's power and transform him into a more symbolic figure rather than an active ruler.

Why was the system established by Dom Pedro II referred to as 'parliamentarism in reverse'?

It was called 'parliamentarism in reverse' because, unlike the British system where Parliament selects the Prime Minister, in Brazil, the emperor retained the power to appoint the Prime Minister and call elections at his discretion.

What event led to the creation of 'parliamentarism in reverse' in Brazil?

The creation of 'parliamentarism in reverse' was a result of a political arrangement in 1847, when Dom Pedro II established a system that kept the emperor in control of executive powers, despite having a parliament.

What was the Praieira Revolution, and why did it occur?

The Praieira Revolution was a liberal uprising in Pernambuco that occurred as a reaction to the conservative rise in the region. Liberals, who represented urban professionals, resisted the growing power of the conservative agrarian elite, especially the Cavalcante family.

What key political concept did the Pernambuco liberals advocate for in their manifesto?

The Pernambuco liberals advocated for the freedom of the press, universal suffrage, and the abolition of slavery. They also adopted some socialist ideas, including the socialization of the means of production and agrarian reform.

How did Dom Pedro II respond to political instability in the early years of his reign?

Dom Pedro II responded to political instability with a series of repressive measures to suppress revolts, such as the Cabanagem and Farroupilha Revolutions. He also worked towards stabilizing the country through political conciliation.

What was the goal of the conciliation policy introduced by Dom Pedro II?

The conciliation policy, introduced in 1852 and consolidated in 1853, aimed to create a coalition government that included both liberal and conservative factions, ensuring political stability by alternating power between the two parties.

Why did Brazil experience internal political stability after the conciliation policy was implemented?

The conciliation policy helped maintain internal political stability by balancing the interests of both liberal and conservative parties in government, allowing Brazil to avoid major political conflicts for about 15 years.