Metodologi Penelitian - Paradigma Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif

Summary

This video lecture delves into the two main research paradigms in social science: quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. It explores how research, particularly in the social sciences, involves systematic approaches to understanding phenomena and generating new knowledge. The discussion contrasts positivist approaches, which emphasize objectivity and statistical analysis, with interpretivist approaches that focus on in-depth, subjective exploration of social interactions. The speaker also discusses the flexible and exploratory nature of qualitative research versus the structured, hypothesis-driven process of quantitative research, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on the research question and goals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research is the search for understanding phenomena, with questions revolving around what, how, and why these phenomena occur.
• 😀 Scientific research follows a systematic approach aimed at obtaining and confirming reliable new knowledge.
• 😀 The script introduces two major research paradigms: quantitative and qualitative methods, each with distinct characteristics and goals.
• 😀 Quantitative research focuses on objectivity, using statistical methods to examine data and relationships between variables.
• 😀 Qualitative research, on the other hand, involves immersing the researcher within the phenomenon to understand it from within, emphasizing subjectivity and interpretation.
• 😀 In social sciences, the positivist paradigm emphasizes objectivity and distance from the research subject, while the interpretive paradigm encourages understanding through close interaction with the subject.
• 😀 The positivist approach typically uses deductive reasoning, testing hypotheses, and relies heavily on quantitative data, whereas qualitative research employs inductive reasoning to explore phenomena in-depth.
• 😀 There is criticism of the positivist approach, particularly regarding its inability to fully capture the complexity of social interactions, leading to the rise of interpretivism.
• 😀 The interpretive paradigm suggests that knowledge is not free from values and that the researcher’s perspective influences the findings.
• 😀 Both quantitative and qualitative research methods have their strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of method depends on the research questions and objectives, not just the researcher’s familiarity with the method.
• 😀 The script concludes that understanding the strengths and limitations of both paradigms helps researchers select the appropriate method to achieve their research goals and contribute to new knowledge.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the discussion in the transcript?

The primary focus of the discussion is on research paradigms, specifically comparing quantitative and qualitative research methods within the context of social science methodology.

What is the definition of research as provided in the script?

Research is defined as a search for answers to questions about events, phenomena, and cause-and-effect relationships, often asking 'what,' 'how,' and 'why' questions about a particular issue.

What distinguishes scientific research from non-scientific research in the context of this script?

Scientific research is based on a systematic approach aimed at acquiring reliable and new knowledge, while non-scientific research lacks this systematic structure and may not always be based on empirical evidence.

How are the two main research paradigms—quantitative and qualitative—differentiated in the script?

Quantitative research, often associated with the positivist paradigm, focuses on objectivity, statistical data, and measurable variables. In contrast, qualitative research, aligned with the interpretivist paradigm, involves subjective, in-depth exploration of phenomena, often through immersion in the studied context.

Why is the positivist approach criticized, according to the speaker?

The positivist approach is criticized for oversimplifying social phenomena by focusing only on measurable variables and maintaining a distance from the subject matter, which limits understanding of human interactions and complex social dynamics.

What is the primary strength of qualitative research as described in the script?

The primary strength of qualitative research lies in its ability to provide a deep, holistic understanding of phenomena by closely engaging with the context and the people involved, offering rich insights into human behavior and experiences.

How does the inductive approach in qualitative research differ from the deductive approach in quantitative research?

In qualitative research, the inductive approach involves gathering data and drawing conclusions from it without predefined hypotheses. In contrast, the deductive approach in quantitative research starts with a hypothesis and tests it using systematic, objective methods.

What is the role of the researcher in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, the researcher plays an active role by immersing themselves in the phenomenon being studied, often becoming a part of the context and interacting directly with the subjects to gain a deeper understanding of the social dynamics.

What is the significance of flexibility in qualitative research methodology?

Flexibility in qualitative research is crucial because the researcher must be open to changes and new insights that emerge throughout the research process. This approach allows the researcher to adapt and refine their understanding as they explore the phenomenon.

How does the data collection process differ between quantitative and qualitative research?

Quantitative research collects data using structured instruments like surveys and experiments, focusing on measurable variables. Qualitative research, on the other hand, often uses unstructured methods, such as interviews or observations, to gather rich, descriptive data about the studied phenomenon.