MONARQUìA - Que es? , Tipos y Ejemplos

Summary

This transcript delves into the history and evolution of monarchy, covering various systems of governance such as absolute, parliamentary, and hybrid monarchies. It explains how monarchs hold power, often inherited, and the differences between the systems. The script highlights the concept of absolute monarchy, where the monarch wields all powers, and parliamentary monarchy, where the monarch's authority is limited by a parliament. Examples like the UK, Monaco, and Saudi Arabia are used to illustrate these systems. The discussion also touches on the unique characteristics of each monarchy and how they function in modern society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Human history has seen various forms of governance, with monarchy being one of the most prominent systems, where the head of state holds power for life and is often chosen through hereditary succession.
• 😀 According to Aristotle's tradition, monarchy is a political system where supreme power is concentrated in the hands of a single person, the monarch, who governs over a state.
• 😀 The state ruled by a monarch can also be referred to as a kingdom, in addition to being called a monarchy.
• 😀 Absolute monarchy refers to a system where the monarch holds absolute power over the territory, often backed by bureaucratic control, taxes, military, and a centralized economy.
• 😀 The first absolute monarchy was established in 1385 by King John I of Portugal.
• 😀 In an absolute monarchy, the monarch holds all three powers—judicial, executive, and legislative—based on divine law.
• 😀 A constitutional or parliamentary monarchy is a system where the monarch's powers are limited by a parliament or set of laws, with the government being divided into three branches: judicial, executive, and legislative.
• 😀 The parliamentary monarchy model originated in England and the Netherlands, promoting individual freedoms and defense rights in a trial.
• 😀 Hybrid monarchies exist when the government operates between an absolute and parliamentary monarchy, where the monarch retains significant political strength but does not have absolute control.
• 😀 The Principality of Monaco is a constitutional monarchy, with a National Council exercising legislative power and the Prince maintaining executive authority, under the supervision of a council of government.
• 😀 The United Kingdom is an example of a parliamentary monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II serving as both the monarch and head of the Anglican Church, having ruled for more than five decades.
• 😀 Saudi Arabia is an example of an absolute monarchy, where the King holds all power, the country's constitution is based on the Quran, and political parties and unions are prohibited.

Q & A

What is a monarchy and how does it function?

A monarchy is a form of government where the highest authority is vested in one person, usually through hereditary means. This individual, known as the monarch, holds significant political power, which is often concentrated in their hands. The monarch's position is typically lifetime, until death.

What is the difference between an absolute monarchy and a parliamentary monarchy?

An absolute monarchy is a government where the monarch holds all three branches of power—judicial, executive, and legislative—without checks from other institutions. In contrast, a parliamentary monarchy involves a division of powers, with a parliament overseeing legislative processes and the monarch's powers being limited by law.

What is a hybrid monarchy?

A hybrid monarchy exists when a country’s government falls between an absolute and a parliamentary monarchy. This means the monarch still holds considerable political power, but doesn't have absolute control over all aspects of governance.

What are some characteristics of an absolute monarchy?

In an absolute monarchy, the monarch holds all three branches of power (judicial, executive, and legislative). The monarch's authority is often based on divine law, and the government operates with a centralized bureaucracy, taxes, and military controlled by the monarch.

What was the first absolute monarchy and when did it arise?

The first known absolute monarchy was established in 1385 by King João I of Portugal.

How does the monarchy work in Mónaco?

Mónaco operates as a constitutional monarchy where the prince holds executive power, but legislative power is vested in the National Council, a 24-member body elected by universal suffrage. The judicial power is also under the supervision of the Grimaldi family, though it is delegated to the courts.

What role does the monarch play in the United Kingdom?

In the United Kingdom, the monarch is a constitutional figurehead with limited powers, serving as the head of state and symbol of national unity. The monarch’s role is largely ceremonial, while political power is exercised by the parliament.

What is the significance of Queen Elizabeth II's reign in the UK?

Queen Elizabeth II holds the title of the longest-reigning monarch in British history. She also serves as the head of the Church of England and the monarch in 15 other Commonwealth realms, including Canada and Australia.

Does Saudi Arabia have a monarchy?

Yes, Saudi Arabia operates under a form of absolute monarchy where the king holds supreme authority. The country is governed by strict interpretations of Islamic law, and there is no parliament. Political parties and trade unions are prohibited.

What is the foundation of governance in Saudi Arabia?

In Saudi Arabia, the foundation of governance is based on Islamic law, specifically the Quran, which acts as the constitution. The king has total control over the government, including appointing ministers and making key political decisions.