Bioteknologi Konvensional di bidang lainnya

Summary

In this video, the presenter discusses conventional biotechnology in various fields. Topics include plant tissue culture, which involves cultivating plant cells in sterile conditions, and hybridization, where different plant varieties are crossbred for improved traits. The video also covers hydroponics, a soil-free farming technique, and bioremediation, using microbes to treat hazardous waste. It highlights antibiotic production (like penicillin), vaccine creation, and livestock breeding for desirable traits, such as in the Jersey cow for milk production. The video ends by mentioning upcoming content on modern biotechnology.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnological techniques in agriculture, such as tissue culture, allow for the cultivation of plants with identical traits to their parent plants.
• 😀 Tissue culture involves growing parts of plants in sterile environments with nutrient-rich media like agar-agar.
• 😀 Plants' totipotency, or high regenerative ability, makes them suitable for tissue culture, allowing cells to develop into entire plants.
• 😀 Hybridization or crossbreeding involves mating plants of different varieties to create new, superior strains with combined beneficial traits.
• 😀 An example of hybridization in rice results in a variety with high grain production, pest resistance, and a short growing period.
• 😀 Hydroponics is a soil-free cultivation method that uses water and porous materials like sand or coconut husks for plant growth.
• 😀 In industry, bioremediation is a biotechnological method that uses microorganisms to break down hazardous waste, including heavy metals.
• 😀 Antibiotics like penicillin are produced by isolating substances from microorganisms such as Penicillium notatum to treat diseases.
• 😀 Vaccines are created by deactivating harmful microorganisms to help build immunity in humans and animals.
• 😀 In livestock, biotechnology can lead to the development of animals with desirable traits, such as the short-legged, bent-legged Ancona sheep or milk-producing Jersey cows.

Q & A

What is plant tissue culture (KJT) in biotechnology?

Plant tissue culture (KJT) involves cultivating a part of a plant on a sterile nutrient medium to produce new individuals with identical traits to the parent plant. This process exploits the totipotency of plant cells, meaning they have a high regenerative ability.

Why can plant cells be cultured in tissue culture?

Plant cells can be cultured because they possess plasmodesmata, which enable them to regenerate and form new plants through the process of totipotency, where a single cell can develop into a whole plant.

What is hybridization in agriculture?

Hybridization is the process of crossbreeding two different varieties or species of plants to produce a new variety with combined desirable traits, such as higher yield, pest resistance, or shorter growing time.

Can you provide an example of hybridization in plants?

An example of hybridization is crossbreeding two varieties of rice: one with high yield and strong stalks and the other with pest resistance and a short harvest time. The resulting hybrid rice would combine these beneficial traits.

What is hydroponics?

Hydroponics is a soil-free farming method where plants are grown in a nutrient-rich water solution or in a porous medium like stones or coconut husks. It allows plants to thrive without the need for traditional soil.

What is bioremediation in industrial biotechnology?

Bioremediation is the process of using microorganisms to treat and manage industrial waste, particularly hazardous substances like heavy metals, converting them into less harmful materials.

Can you name some microorganisms used in bioremediation?

Microorganisms such as *Xanthomonas campestris* and *Shadomoon asfoid* are used in bioremediation to break down toxic substances and pollutants.

How is penicillin produced in biotechnology?

Penicillin is produced by isolating it from the fungus *Penicillium notatum*. The fungus produces the antibiotic, which is then harvested and used to treat bacterial infections.

What role do vaccines play in biotechnology?

Vaccines are made from microorganisms whose toxic effects have been neutralized. They are used to boost the body's immune system and increase resistance to diseases.

What is an example of animal biotechnology in livestock?

An example is the selective breeding of the Jersey cow, which is optimized for high milk production with a higher cream content. This is achieved through genetic selection in animal biotechnology.