Entendendo a audiometria: exame da audição (parte 2 )

Summary

In this video, a medical professional discusses a case of a patient with left-sided hearing loss. The patient presents with a mixed hearing loss, showing both air and bone conduction issues. The doctor explains the classification of hearing loss based on decibel levels and identifies a possible cholesteatoma, which may be affecting the middle ear structures, including the cochlea. The mixed loss suggests both conductive and sensorineural components are involved, requiring surgical intervention to address the cholesteatoma. The video aims to provide insight into diagnosing and treating complex auditory conditions.

Takeaways

• 😀 A patient sought help due to left-sided hearing loss and wanted to understand the cause.
• 😀 The patient was diagnosed with moderate to severe mixed hearing loss on the left side.
• 😀 Hearing loss is categorized based on decibels (dB) and frequency ranges, such as mild, moderate, severe, or profound loss.
• 😀 The classification of hearing loss involves comparing air conduction and bone conduction thresholds.
• 😀 Bone conduction bypasses the outer and middle ear, directly stimulating the cochlea through skull vibrations.
• 😀 Air conduction involves sound traveling through the outer ear, vibrating the eardrum and bones before reaching the cochlea.
• 😀 A decrease in bone conduction suggests a problem with the cochlea, while a decrease in air conduction indicates a potential obstruction in the outer or middle ear.
• 😀 The patient’s tympanic membrane was observed to have an abnormality, possibly a cholesteatoma.
• 😀 A cholesteatoma likely caused damage to the cochlea, affecting both bone and air conduction pathways.
• 😀 The patient has a chronic middle ear infection, and surgery is recommended to treat the cholesteatoma and improve hearing.

Q & A

What is the main issue the patient is facing in the transcript?

The patient is experiencing hearing loss in her left ear and sought help to understand the cause.

What kind of hearing loss does the patient have?

The patient has a mixed hearing loss in her left ear, classified as moderately severe.

What is the normal threshold for hearing loss in decibels (dB)?

Normal hearing is typically below 20 dB, with thresholds higher than that indicating various levels of hearing loss.

How is hearing loss classified based on decibel levels?

Hearing loss is classified as mild (20-40 dB), moderate (40-70 dB), severe (70-90 dB), and profound (above 90 dB).

What are the two types of hearing pathways mentioned in the transcript?

The two types of hearing pathways are the air conduction pathway (via the outer ear) and the bone conduction pathway (via the skull).

What does the retraction of the bone conduction pathway indicate?

The retraction of the bone conduction pathway suggests that the cochlea is not functioning properly, potentially due to damage.

What is the role of the air conduction pathway in hearing?

The air conduction pathway transmits sound through the outer ear, vibrating the eardrum, ossicles, and ultimately stimulating the cochlea.

What is the air conduction pathway’s function, and what could block it?

The air conduction pathway can be blocked by factors like a perforated eardrum, earwax, infections in the middle ear, or ossicle disarticulation.

What condition does the patient most likely have according to the examination?

The patient is most likely suffering from a chronic middle ear infection, possibly a cholesteatoma, which has affected both the bone and air conduction pathways.

What treatment will the patient undergo?

The patient will undergo surgery to address the cholesteatoma and improve her hearing condition.